.-^ Bulletin ioo iooc THE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION OF THE COLORADO AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE FLORA OF COLORADO BY P. A. RYDBERG, Ph.D. UBRARY NEW YORK BOTANICAL GAP/. FN PUBLISHED BY THE EXPERIMENT STATION FORT COLLINS, COLORADO 1906 C.3 Press of The new Era Printing COMPANy Lancaster, Pa. The Agricultural Experiment Station FORT COLLINS, COLORADO THE STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE TERM EXPIRES Hon. p. F. SHARP, President Denver 1907 Hon. HARLAN THOMAS Denver 1907 Hon. JAMES L. CHATFIELD Gypsum 1909 Hon. B. U. DYE Rocky Ford 1909 Hon. B. F. ROCKAFELLOW Canon City 1911 Hon. EUGENE H. GRUBB Carbondale 1911 Hon. a. a. EDWARDS Fort Collins 1913 Hon. R. W. CORWIN Pueblo 1913 Governor JESSE F. McDONALD, | ^ . President BARTON O. AYLESWORTH. J '-'-^^''°- A. M. HAWLEY, Secretary EDGAR AVERY, Treasurer EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE IN CHARGE P. F. SHARP, Chairman. B. F. ROCKAFELLOW. A. A. EDWARDS STATION STAFF L. G. CARPENTER, M.S., Director Irrigation Engineer C. P. GILLETTE, M.S Entomologist W. P. HEADDEN, A.M., Ph.D Chemist W. PADDOCK, M.S Horticulturist W. L. CARLYLE, M.S Agriculturist ■G. H. GLOVER, B.S., D.V.M Veterinarian W. H. OLIN, M.S Agronomist R. E. TRIMBLE, B.S Assistant Irrigation Engineer F. C. ALFORD, M.S Assistant Chemist EARL DOUGLASS, M.S Assistant Chemist S. ARTHUR JOHNSON, M.S Assistant Entomologist B. O. LONGYEAR, B.S Assistant Horticulturist J. A. McLEAN, A.B., B.S. A Animal Husbandman E. B. HOUSE, B.S Assistant Irrigation Engineer A. H. DANIELSON Assistant Agriculturist P. K. BLINN, B.S Field Agent, Arkansas Valley, Rocky Ford E. R. BENNETT, B.S Potato Investigations Western Slope Fruit Investigations, Grand Junction : O. B. WHIPPLE, B.A Field Horticulturist ESTES P. TAYLOR, B.S Field Entomologist OFFICERS President BARTON O. AYLESWORTH, A.M., LL.D. L. G. CARPENTER, M.S Director A. M. HAWLEY Secretary MARGARET MURRAY Stenographer and Clerk CONTENTS. Preface ix Introduction x Key to the Orders xvi Subkingdom Pteridophyta Order i. Ophioglossales Family i. Ophioglossaceae Order 2. Filicales Family 2. Polypodiaceae Order 3. Salviniales 5 Famijy 3. Marsileaceae 5 Order 4. Equisetales 5 Family 4. Equisetaceae 5 Order 5. Isoetales 5 Family 5. Isoetaceae 5 Order 6. Lycopodiales 6 Family 6. Lycopodiaceae 6 7. Selaginellaceae 6 Subkingdom Spermatophyta 7 Class I. Gymnospermae 7 Order 7. Pinales 7 Family 8. Pinaceae 7 9. Juniperaceae 9 Order 8. Gnetales 10 Family 10. Ephedraceae 10 Class 2. Angiospermae 11 Subclass I. Monocotyledones i r Order 9. Pandanales it Family 11. Typhaceae 11 12. Sparganiaceae 11 Order 10. Naiadales 12 Family 13. Zanichelliaceae 12 14. Naiadaceae 13 Order 11. Alismales 13 Family 15. Scheuchseriaceae 14 16. Alismaceae 14 Order 12. Hydrocharitales 15 Family 17. Elodiaceae IS Order 13. Poales IS Family 18. Poaceae 15 19. Cyperaceae 57 Order 14. Arales 74 Family 20. Araceae 74 21. Lemnaceae 74 Order 15. Xyridales 75 Family 22. Commelinaceae 75 23. Pontederiaceae 75 Order 16. Liliales 7^ Family 24. Melanthaceae 7^ 25. Juncaceae 77 26. Alliaceae 81 VI CONTENTS. 27. Liliaccae 82 28. Convallariaceae 83 29. Dracacnaccae 85 30. Calochortaceae 85 31. Trilliaceae 86 32. Smilaceae 86 Order 17. Amaryllidales 86 Family 33. Ixiaceae 86 Order 18. Orchidales 87 Family 34. Orchidaceae 87 Subclass 2. Dicotyledones 91 Order 19. Salicales 91 Family 35. Salicaceae 91 Order 20. Fagales 96 Family 36. Betulaceae 96 Z7- Corylaceae 97 38. Fagaceae 97 Order 21. Urticales 99 Family 39. Urticaceae 99 40. Cannabinaceae lOO 41. Ulmaceae 100 Order 22. Santalales 100 Family 42. Loranthaceae 100 43. Santalaceae 101 Order 23. Folygonales loi Family 44. Polygonaceae loi Order 24. Chenopodiales 113 Family 45. Chenopodiaceae 113 46. Amaranthaceae 120 47. Corrigiolaceae 121 48. Allioniaceae 122 49. Tetragoniaceae 124 50. Portulacaceae 125 51. Alsinaceae 127 52. Caryophyllaceae 132 Order 25. Ranales 134 Family 53. Ceratophyllaceae 134 54. Ranunculaceae 134 55. Nymphaeaceae 147 56. Berberidaceae 148 Order 26. Papaverales 148 Family 57. Papaveraceae 148 58. Fumariaceae 149 59. Brassicaceae 150 60. Capparidaceae 168 Order 27. Resales 169 Family 61. Crassulaceae 169 62. Saxi f ragaceae 170 63. Parnassiaceae i/S 64. Hydrangeaceae 175 65. Grossulariaceae 176 66. Rosaceae 178 67. Malaceae 191 68. Amygdalaceae 193 69. Mimosaceae 193 70. Cassiaceae 194 71. Fabaceae 194 Order 28. Geraniales 217 Family 72. Geraniaceae 218 'J2)- Linaceae 219 CONTENTS. vii 74. Oxalidaceae 220 75. Zygophyllaceae 220 76. Rutaceae 221 Order 29. Polygalales 221 Family TJ. Polygalaceae 221 Order 30. Euphorbiales 221 Family 78. Euphorbiaceae 222 79. Callitrichaceae 225 Order 31. Sapindales 225 Family 80. Limnanthaceae 225 81. Spondiaceae 225 82. Celastraceae 226 83. Aceraceae 226 Order 32. Rhamnales 227 Family 84. Frangulaceae 227 85. Vitaceae 228 Order ZZ- Malvales 229 Family 86. Malvaceae 229 Order 34. Hypericales 231 Family 87. Elatinaceae 231 88. Frankeniaceae 231 89. Hypericaceae 231 90. Cistaceae 232 91. Violaceae 232 Order 35. Opuntiales 234 Family 92. Loasaceae 234 93. Cactaceae 237 Order 36. Thymeliales 239 Family 94. Elaeagnaceae 239 Order 37. Myrtales 240 Family 95. Lythraceae 240 96. Epilobiaceae 240 97. Gunneraceae 248 Order 38. Umbellales 249 Family 98. Hederaceae 249 99. Cornaceae 249 100. Ammiaceae 250 Order 39. Ericales 258 Family loi. Monotropaceae 258 102. Pyrolaceae 258 103. Ericaceae 259 104. Vacciniaceae 260 Order 40. Prinulales 261 Family 105. Primulaceae 261 Order 41. Oleales 264 Family 106. Oleaceae 264 Order 42. Gentianales 264 Family 107. Gentianaceae 264 108. Menyanthaceae 268 Order 43. Asclepiadales 269 Family 109. Apocynaceae 269 1 10. Asclepiadaceae 270 Order 44. Polemoniales 271 Family 1 1 1. Cuscutaceae 272 1 12. Convolvulaceae 273 113. Polemoniaceae 274 1 14. Hydroleaceae 281 115. Heliotropaceae 284 116. Boraginaceae 284 VI 11 CONTENTS. 1 1 ". Verbenaceac 294 118. Lamiaccac 294 1 19. Solanaccae 300 120. Rhinanthaccae 304 121. Pinguiciilaceae 319 122. Orobanchaceae 319 123. Martyniaceae 320 Order 45. Plantapjinales 320 Family 124. Plantaginaceae 320 Order 46. Rubiales 321 Family 125. Rubiaceae 321 126. Caprifoliaceae 323 127. Adoxaceae 324 Order 47. Campanulales 325 Family 128. Cucurbitaceae 325 129. Campanulaceae 325 130. Lobeliaceae 326 Order 48. Valerianales 326 Family 131. Valerianaceae 326 Order 49. Carduales 327 Family 132. Ambrosiaceae 327 133. Carduaceae 329 134. Cichoriaceae 402 Summary 412 Gazetteer of Localities Mentioned 417 Index 431 PREFACE It was not the original intention of the Experiment Station to prepare and publish a work on the Flora of Colorado. The con- ditions of the State, the character of the flora, which is so different from that of the east, forced the necessity of collections and the study of local flora by the botanists of the Agricultural College and Experiment Station from the very first. The economic study of Colorado plants, especially the search for those which might be adapted to arid conditions, increased this necessity. Opportunity was furnished by collections of grasses and forest products for the World's Fair, and occasion was always taken when trips were made for any purpose, to obtain additional specimens. In the course of time the collection became so extensive that unless put in form for publication the time and expense involved would be lost, and the work which had been done would be of little service to us, and of none to the public in general. Some systematic collection was done by Professor James Cassidy, Professor of Botany (1881-1889), in the intervals of his many duties, up to the time of his death in 1889. His successor, Professor C. S. Crandall, gave much time to the work, especially after the establishment of the experimental grass station in cooperation with the U. S. Department of Agriculture. This afforded occasion and opportunity for trips in search of promising species of native grasses. Subsequent collections, especially of forest products and grasses for the World's Fair in 1893, gave rise to further collecting trips to various parts of the State. Enthusiastic aid was given by Mr. J. H. Cowan, an energetic and promising student, who became Professor of Horticulture and Botany upon the resignation of Professor Crandall, but whose promising career was terminated by death before he had entered upon the active duties of the position. By this time the collection was of considerable size, had been in- creased by exchanges, and represented much time and expense. A great many calls came for information, and it was at first thought to publish only a list of the plants which were represented in our own collection. The pressing demands and many duties, as well as the lack of facilities, made it difficult for Professor Paddock KJV X PREFACE. to undertake the coiiipletioii of the work, and this was rendered un- necessary by the fortunate arrangement with the New York Bot- anical Garden, by which Dr. Rydberg took our collection for naming, and undertook the preparation of the Flora for publication. With the facilities of the Garden and the cordial aid given by Dr. Britton and Dr. Rydberg, and the special knowledge of Rocky Mountain Botany of Dr. Rydberg, it became possible to make this include much more than our own collection, which had been the original idea. The unrivaled and almost exhaustive collections accessible to them, the completeness of the knowledge of Dr. Rydberg, have made this a much more extensive and consequently much more valuable work than was originally designed. It therefore includes the work of nearly all collectors from the earliest times, and may be considered an exhaustive list of the plants at present known in Colorado. The extent of the service may be recognized when it is stated that while our own collection numbered about 1,400 plants, this Flora includes 2,912, a number greater than is known for any other State except California. The amount of work involved in its preparation, sup- plying keys to the genera and families, and the completeness of the work speak for themselves. Acknowledgment should also be gratefully given to the State Board of Agriculture, and especially to Hon. P. F. Sharp, President of the Board, without whose assistance, encouragement and financial aid it would not have been possible for the Station to consider the completion and publication of a work of such magnitude. At one time it was proposed to lessen the expense by issuing a part of the edition as a College bulletin at a fixed price, but the Board took the liberal view that the saving would not compensate for the other dis- advantages and that the generous friendliness of the State would jus- tify the special effort in putting this at the service of those needing it, and thus the Station is enabled to issue the Flora as one of its bulletin series. It is believed that the publication will be of use to all systematic botanists, to the schools of the State, to those inter- ested in the economic study of Colorado plants, as well as to all those interested in the fascinating Flora of the Plains and Mountains of Colorado. It is a necessary step in the systematic and economic study of our plants. The preparation of the copy, keys and index has all been assumed by Dr. Rydberg, and also the laborious task of reading the proof. In addition the proof has been read by Professor Paddock and by the undersigned, but in the latter case attention was directed prin- cipally to the places and elevations. L. G. Carpenter. NTRODUCTION. In 1901, Professor L. G. Carpenter wrote to Dr. N. L. Britton, director-in-chief of the New York Botanical Garden, inquiring if anybody connected with the Garden would be willing and had time to complete the determinations of the botanical collections accumu- lated at the Agricultural College at Fort Collins, especially during the time Professor C. S. Crandall was professor of Botany at that institution. As the author was well acquainted with the flora of the Rocky Mountain region, Dr. Britton referred the matter to him and at the same time gave him permission to undertake the work provided proper arrangements were made. After some corre- spondence with Professor Carpenter and Professor W. Paddock, such agreements were made as to make it possible not only to under- take this work but also to prepare a catalogue for publication. The work has taken more time than was expected at first, partly because it had to be done mostly in the spare time from the author's official duties at the museum of the Botanical Garden, and partly because the author could not always secure the help he expected in the more mechanical work of recording the localities. The printing has also been delayed a good deal, and has been interrupted a few times for various reasons, so the work appears in print about a year later than was expected. The catalogue is mainly based on the collections of the Agricul- tural College at Fort Collins, mentioned above, and the herbaria at the New York Botanical Garden. Some additional records have been secured from other sources, as for instance, the National Her- barium at Washington, the Gray Herbarium at Harvard University and the herbarium of the College of Pharmacy of the City of New York. The author has also consulted the various publications on the flora of Colorado. The most important of these are : T. C. Porter and J. M. Coulter, Synopsis of the Flora of Colorado ; J. M. Coulter, Manual of the Botany of the Rocky Mountain Region; T. S. Brandegee, Flora of South-western Colorado ; Alice Eastwood, Flora of Denver and Vicinity; John Torrey's report on E. James' collection in Long's Expedition; Asa Gray's reports on the collec- tions of C. C. Parry, E. Hall and Harbour ; Professor E. L. Greene's various publications in Pittonia, Plantae Bakerianae and Leaflets xu IXIRODUCTION. and the publications of Professors T. S. P.randegee. Aven Nelson and M. E. Jones, Mr. G. E. Osterhout and Miss Alice Eastwood in the Botanical Gazette, Bulletin of the Torrcv Botanical Club, Zoe, Erythea and the Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. The author has tried to verify the records referring to Colorado plants given in these publications. Some of these records have been jiroven crrono<^us. In some cases the specimens were wrongly determined, in others the stations at which they were collcted are not within the present boundaries of the state of Colorado. Of course, all such species have been excluded from this catalogue. The author has also excluded a few more, which he thought should be included in the same category, although he has not been able to prove them erroneously referred to the flora of Colorado, as for instance Californian, Mexican, or Alleghanian species, accredited to Colorado but not to the intervening states. He has also been forced by circumstances to exclude a score or so species recently described from Colorado, but wholly unknown to the author. Not being able to include them in his '' keys " and being uncertain whether the descriptions really characterize new and valid species or merely represent redescriptions of old ones, he thought it best to leave them out until more information could be had. At first it was suggested that a catalogue should be prepared similar to the author's Catalogue of the Flora of Montana and the Yellowstone National Park. After some consultation with Professor Carpenter, it was agreed that the publication would be of more value to the plant lovers of Colorado, if some characterization of the plants could be given. A descriptive botany or so-called manual was out of question. The author would not have time to prepare such a one within a reasonable time and the College did not have funds available to pay for the cost of preparing it. The author had already begun the work on a botany of the whole Rocky Mountain region. He was preparing the " keys " first, leaving the main descriptive work to be done later. Some of these keys were already made, and he hoped to have most of them ready by the time the catalogue was ready to go to print. It would not take much more work to abstract from these keys the parts referring to the Colorado genera and species, than to cite a number of refer- ences to descriptions as was done in the Flora of Montana and the Yellowstone National Park. The author showed Professor Carpen- ter a catalogue prepared in this way, viz.. Dr. T. C. Porter's Flora of Pennsylvania. This was taken as a model, except that the locali- INTRODUCTION. xiii ties as given on the labels should be recorded instead of merely the counties. A gazetteer explaining the localities is given as an appen- dix. This was partly prepared by the author, but completed, cor- rected and revised at Fort Collins, principally by Mrs. L. G. Carpenter. As stated before, the keys were mainly abstracted from those of the author's larger work in preparation, i. e., as far as these were made. As the Manual will be a purely scientific work, the keys are perhaps drawn in a more technical style than desirable in a catalogue to be used principally by the local and the amateur botanists of Colorado and by tourists. To reconstruct the keys would involve too much extra labor. Besides it is hard or rather impossible to use only plain English without losing the fine shades of distinctions which can be expressed by more technical words. For example, the only purely English word for the technical words : " villous," " floccose," " pannose," " tomentose," " tomentulose," etc., is " woolly." The measurements in the keys are given in the metric system, a system now used by nearly all the scientific departments of the United States Government and of most colleges and universities of this country. In the English system formerly used in descriptive botany, etc., the inch was divided into 12 lines. It is very hard to find a ruler now-a-days with this division, while rulers with the metric system are to be had nearly everywhere. For those un- familiar with this system, the following comparative table is given. The equivalents are near enough for all practical purposes : I mm. = 2-'- inch. i line == 2 mm. 3 mm. = y^ inch. y^ inch = 3 mm. I cm. =^ inch. i inch =25 mm. or 2^ cm. 5 cm. =^ 2 inches. i span = i dm. I dm. = 4 inches. i foot = 3 dm. I m. ^40 inches (nearly) or i yard = 9 dm. 3^ foot. 1,000 ft. ^300 m. The altitudes were also given in meters, but they were changed into feet by the request of Professor Carpenter, who claimed that the people of Colorado, for whom principally the work is prepared, as a rule think of altitudes in feet only. As the United States Land- Office has not as yet adopted the metric system as their standard, the altitudes may just as well be given in feet. This statement is XIV INTRODUCTIOX. made to explain why two different standards are used in the same work. The altitudes are those at which the different species grow witiiin the state of Colorado, so far as records show. Many of the plants which grow at an altitude of 14,000 feet in Colorado, grow at sea-level along the arctic coast. The nomenclature used is in principle agreeing with the so-called American Code adopted at a meeting in Philadelphia, printed in the Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club in May, 1904, and submitted to the International Botanical Congress at Vienna last summer, with a few modifications resulting from a compromise with the European botanists. This code as modified is now followed by a majority of the leading systematic botanists in this country. The fundamental principle underlying is that the selection of generic as well as specific names should always be governed by the priority of publication. The European botanists have adopted this principle as far as specific names are concerned, but most of them are not yet willing to apply the same rules to generic names. In the older publications on the Rocky Mountain flora the so-called Kew Rules were adhered to, which after all gave very little consideration to priority. Many of the names in this catalogue will be unfamiliar to some of its users, but in most cases the old names are given as synonyms in italic and also in the index. In the index there has been inserted also a few common names not given in the text followed by the equivalent latin generic name in parenthesis. Most of these are local names un- known to the author before they appeared in a recent publication on western botany. With regard to generic limitations, the author belongs to that radical school which believes in small genera with closely related species rather than in larger ones with a heterogeneous mass of diflferent groups of plants having relatively little relationship to each other. Many of the older genera have therefore been divided. The division of genera as well as species has gone perhaps a little further than many would think advisable, but the author has tried to be con- sistent in his work. The author has not published any new species or genera in this work. He has also tried to avoid the publishing of new names or new combinations of names. Anything that had not been published before, the author has endeavored to publish in the Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club while the catalogue was being set in type. The reasons for so doing are the following : ( i ) The publication of technical descriptions should be limited to technical books and peri- INTRODUCTION. xv odicals ; (2) in this catalogue there could not very well be given a fuller synonymy with citations of places of publication, nor fuller discussions, which are always desirable and often necessary for clearness sake; (3) if the diagnoses of new species had been inter- polated here and there, the uniformity of the catalogue would have suffered. As it is, the Flora is the result of much labor and stands as a brief index of the present knowledge of the flora of the state. In its present form, the author hopes that it will be valuable for the pur- pose for which it was prepared, viz., as a record of the higher vegeta- tion of the state of Colorado as far as known to-day and as a guide and help to those interested in its flora. Whatever shortcomings there may be, the author hopes will be forgiven. The technical sys- tematist will undoubtedly find many facts omitted which he would expect to find in a " Flora of Colorado." From the summary given after the catalogue it can be seen that the higher vegetation (fern worts and flowering plants) of Colorado comprises over 700 genera and 2,900 species, a number sur- passed only by California and perhaps by Florida out of all states in the Union. The largest families are Carduacecc or the Composites proper, with 568 species or about igy2% of the flora; Poacece or grasses, 267 species or 9% ; Fabacece or Pea Family, 185 or 63^% ; BrassicaccE 144, Rhinanthacece 106, Cyperacece loi, Polygonacece 94, Ranitnculacecc 92, and Rosacea: 89 species, or between 3% and 4%, etc. Just as remarkable as the large number of species of Compo- sites (about y^ of the whole flora), is the small number of Pterido- phytes. The ferns proper are only 25, to which are to be added 15 other fernworts. The same may be said of the Gymnosperms, only 20 in number. The author has had the help of several specialists in certain groups. Professor L. AI. Underwood has prepared the manuscript of the Pteridophyta, and ]\Ir. H. D. House that of the family Violacecc. Mr. G. V. Nash has given valuable assistance in the grasses. The account of the Polygonacece was written in conjunction with Dr. J. K. Small. Dr. Theodor Holm has characterized the groups and species of Carex and listed the specimens of that genus, while the author prepared the key to the groups. Mr. S. H. Burnham, Mr. H. D. House and Mr. W. W. Eggleston have assisted in listing the localities and Mrs. William Mitchell in copying the keys. P. A. Rydberg. New York Botanical Garden, New York, March, 1906. KEY TO THE ORDERS. Subkingdom PTERIDOPHYTA. Plants without flowers or seeds, but producing spores each of which, on germination, develops into a flat or an irregular prothallium. The prothallia bear the reproductive organs (antheridia and archegonia). As a result of the fertilization of an egg in the archegonium by a sperm produced in the antheridium a fern or an allied plant is developed. Page. Leaves broad entire or dissected. (Fern-like plants.) Spores of one kind, minute, borne in sporangia. Vernation straight or inclined ; eusporangiate, the sporangia ringless, leathery, opening by a transverse slit, arranged in spikes or panicles. Order i. Ophioglossales. i Vernation circinate ; leptosporangiate, the sporangia membranous, pro- vided with a ring which opens elastically. Order 2. Filicales. i Spores of two kinds, minute microspores and larger macrospores, borne in sporocarps ; leaves filiform or quadrifoliate. Order 3. Salviniales. 5 Leaves scale-like or awl-like. (Moss-like or rush-like plants.) Sporangia in an apical cone, borne under peltate scales : stems hollow, rush-like. Order 4. Equisetales. s Sporangia in the axils of small or leaf-like bracts : stems solid. Leaves awl-like, often much elongated, borne on a short corm-like cau- dex : aquatic plants. Order 5. Isoetales. s Leaves narrow or scale-like, flat, borne on erect or creeping stems : ter- restrial plants. Order 6. Lycopodiales. 6 Subkingdom SPERMATOPHYTA. Plants with flowers which produce seeds. Microspores (pollen-grains) borne in microsporangia (anther-sacs) develop each into a tubular prothal- lium; a macrospore (embryo-sac) develops a minute prothallium, and to- gether with the macrosporangium (ovule) in which it is contained, ripens into a seed. Ovules and seeds borne on the face of a bract or a scale : stigmas wanting. Class I. Gymnosperm^e. 7 Ovules and seeds in a closed cavity (ovary) : stigmas present. Class 2. Angiosperm.s;. i i I. Gymnospermae. Staminate and pistillate flowers both in aments ; perianth none ; trees or shrubs with needle- or scale-like leaves. Order 7. Finales. 7 Staminate flowers in aments ; pistillate ones single or in pairs ; perianth present, urnshaped ; ours horsetail-like shrubs with jointed branches and leaves reduced to sheathing scales. Order 8. Gnetales. 10 xviii KEY TO THE ORDERS. 2. Angiospermae. Cotyledon i: stem endogenous. Subclass i. Monocotyledones. m Cotyledons normally 2: stem exogenous (with rare exceptions). Subclass 2. DicoTYLEDONES. 91 I. Monocotyledones. Perianth rudimentary or degenerate, its members often bristles or mere scales, not corolla-like, or wanting. Flowers not in the axils of dry or chaffy bracts (scales or glumes). Perianth of bristles or chaffy scales. Order 9. Pandanales. ii Perianth fleshy or herbaceous, or wanting. Fruit baccate; endosperm present. Order 14. Arales. 74 Fruit drupaceous; endosperm wanting. Order 10. Naiadales. 12 Flowers in the axils of dry or chaffy, usually imbricated, bracts (scales or glumes). Order 13. Poales. 15 Perianth of 2 distinct series, the inner series usually corolloid. Gynoecium of distinct carpels. Order 11. Alismales. 13 Gyncecium of united carpels. Endosperm mealy. Order 15. Xyridales. 75 Endosperm fleshy, horny or cartilaginous. Ovary and fruit superior. Order 16. Liliales. 76 Ovary and fruit wholly inferior or half-inferior. Endosperm present and usually copious ; flowers regular ; andrce- cium not reduced. Order 17. Amaryllidales. 86 Endosperm wanting. Flowers regular, monoecious or dioecious : aquatic plants. Order 12. Hydrocharitales. 15 Flowers irregular, perfect : terrestrial or epiphytic plants. Order 18. Orchidales. 87 2. DiCOTYLEDONES. A. Corolla wanting. I. Calyx wanting, at least in the staminate flowers. Herbs. Order 30. Euphorbiales. 221 Trees or shrubs. Fruit I -seeded: seeds without tufts of hairs. Fruit a nut or an achene. Corylaceas in Order 20. Fagales. 96 Fruit a drupe or a samara. Oleaces in Order 41. Oleales. 264 Fruit many-seeded: seeds each with a tuft of hairs. Order 19. Salicales. 91 II. Calyx present at least in the staminate or in the perfect flowers. 1. Flowers, at least the staminate, in aments, or ament-like spikes; fruit a nut or an achene. Order 20. Fagales. 96 2. Flowers, at least the staminate, not in aments. a. Ovary superior. Gyncecium of i or several and distinct carpels : stigma and style of each solitary. Carpel solitary. Ovary neither enclosed nor seated in a hypanthium or a calyx- tube. Flowers not solitary in the axils of the leaves ; land plants. Urticacese in Order 21. Urticales. 99 Flowers solitary in the axils of the leaves ; aquatic plants. Ceratophyllacea: in Order 25. Ranales. 134 Ovary enclosed in or seated in a hypanthium or a calyx-tube. Stamens borne under the gynoecium. Allioniaceae in Order 24. Chenopodiales. 122 Stamens borne on the hypanthium or adnate to the calyx- tube. Order 36. Thymeleales. 239 Carpels several. KEY TO THE ORDERS. xix Stamens inserted below the ovary. Families in Order 25. Ranales. 134 Stamens inserted on the edge of a cup-shaped hypanthium. Families in Order 2"]. Rosales. 169 Gynoecium of 2 or several united carpels ; stigmas or styles 2 or several. Ovary, by abortion, i-celled and i-ovuled. Leaves with sheathing stipules (ocreae). Order 23. Polygonales. ioi Leaves estipulate, or if stipules are present they are not sheathing. Trees or shrubs ; ovary not seated in a hypanthium. Ulmacese in Order 21. Urticales. 100 Herbs or vines. Stipules herbaceous : inflorescence spicate or racemose : leaf-blades palmately veined. Cannabinaceae in Order 21. Urticales. 100 Stipules scarious or hyaline or none ; inflorescence cy- mose : leaf-blades pinnately veined. Families in Order 24. Chenopodiales. 113 Ovary several-celled, or with several placentae, several-ovuled. Stamens hypogynous, inserted under the gynoecium in the per- fect flowers, not on a disk in the pistillate flowers. Flowers perfect. Stamens not tetradynamous. Stamens 2 ; inflorescence spicate. Besseya in Order 44. Polemoniales. 313 Stamens 3-10; inflorescence cymose. Order 24. Chenopodiales. 113 Stamens tetradynamous. Brassicaceae in Order 26. Papaverales. 150 Flowers monoecious or dioecious. Euphorbiaceae in Order 30. Euphorbiales. 22Z Stamens perigynous or epigj'nous, inserted on the margin of a hypanthium or a disk. Fruit a samara. Aceraceae in Order 31. Sapindales. 226 Fruit drupe-like or berry-like. Order 32. Rhamnales. 227 b. Ovary inferior. Flowers not in involucrate heads. Fruit a berry or a drupe, or nut-like. Stamens as many as the perianth-members and alternate with them, or fewer. Tetragoniaceae in Order 24. Chenopodiales. 124 Stamens as many as the perianth-members and opposite them, or twice as many. Families in Order 37. Myrtales. 240 Fruit a capsule. Sepals as many as the ovary-cavities or one-half as many. Order 37. Myrtales. 240 Sepals (4-5) at least twice as many as the ovary-cavities. Styles 2-$ ; leaves alternate. Saxifragaceae in Order 27. Rosales. 170 Styles solitary ; leaves opposite. Glaux in Order 40. Primulales. 264 Flowers, at least the staminate, in involucrate heads. Ambrosiaceae in Order 49. Carduales. 327 B. Corolla present. L Petals distinct, at least at the base. I. Carpels solitary, or several and distinct, or united only at the base. Stamens at the base of the receptacle, i. e., hypogynous. XX KEY TO THE ORDERS. Plants with relatively firm stems and leaves, not succulent. Order 25. Ranales. 134 Plants with succulent stems and leaves. Crassulace.T in Order 27. Rosales. 169 Stamens on the margin of a hypanthium (the hypanthium very small in some Saxifragaceae). Order z-j. Rosales. 169 2. Carpels several and united, a. Ovary superior. t Stamens inserted at the base of the ovary or receptacle. § Stamens niunerous. Sepals imbricated. Calyx deciduous. Order 26. Papaverales. 148 Calyx persistent. Styles or stigmas distinct or united, but not discoid ; land plants. Capparidaces in Order 26. Papaverales. 168 Styles or stigmas united into a disk ; aquatic plants ; petals and sepals numerous. Nymphaeaceae in Order 25. Ranales. 147 Sepals valvate ; stamens with united filaments. Order 33. Malvales. 229 §§ Stamens few, not over twice as many as the petals. Stamens as many as the petals and opposite them. Anther-sacs opening by hinged valves. Berberidacese in Order 25. Ranales. 148 Anther-sacs opening by slits. Flowers monoecious. Order 30. Euphorbiales. 221 Flowers perfect. Portulacaceae in Order 24. Chenopodiales. 125 Stamens as many as the petals and alternate with them, or more, sometimes twice as many. Stamens 6 : petals 4 : sepals 2 or 4. Families in Order 26. Papaverales. 148 Stamens, petals and sepals of the same number, or stamens more, usually twice as many as the sepals or petals. Ovary i -celled. Ovules, or seeds, on basal or central placentae. Families in Order 24. Chenopodiales. 113 Ovules, or seeds, on parietal placentae. Stamens with united filaments and no staminodia. Order 33. Malvales. 229 Stamens with distinct filaments. Staminodia present. Parnassiaceae in Order 27. Rosales. 175 Staminodia wanting. Families in Order 34. Hypericales. 231 Ovary several-celled. Stamens adnate to the gynoecium. Asclepiadaceae in Order 43. Asclepi.^iDales. 270 Stamens not adnate to the gynoecium. Stamens with wholly or partly united filaments. Anthers opening lengthwise. Families in Order 28. Geraniales. 217 Anthers opening by pores. Order 29. Polygalales. 221 Stamens with distinct filaments. Anthers opening by pores. Families in Order 39. Ericales. 258 Anthers opening by slits. Stigmas or styles distinct and cleft, or foliaceous, or united by pairs. Order 30. Euphorbiales. 221 Stigmas or styles all distinct or all united, neither cleft nor foliaceous. KEY TO THE ORDERS. xxi Stamens 2. Order 41. Oleales. 264 Stamens more than 2. Ovule solitary in each carpel. Styles distinct ; ovule pendulous. Families in Order 28. Geraniales. 217 Styles united ; ovule erect or ascending. Limnanthaceje in Order 31. Sapindales. 225 Ovules 2 or more in each carpel. Order 34. Hvpericales. 231 tt Stamens inserted on the margin of a disk or hypanthium (peri- gynous or hypogynous). Stamens as many as the petals and opposite them. Styles and ujjper part of the ovaries distinct ; ovules and seeds many. Saxifragaceae in Order 27. Rosales. 170 Styles united, ovules and seeds solitary or 2. Order 32. Rhamnales. 227 Stamens as many as the petals and alternate with them, or more. Styles distinct; upper part of the ovaries distinct, at least at maturity. Saxifragaceae in Order zj. Rosales. 170 Styles united. Hypanthium flat or obsolete : disk fleshy. Plants without secreting glands in the bark. Order 31. Sapindales. 225 Plants with secreting glands in the bark. Rutaceae in Order 28. Geraniales. 221 Hypanthium cup-shaped or campanulate : disk obsolete or in- conspicuous. Order zi- Myrtales. 240 b. Ovary inferior. Stamens numerous. Hypanthium not produced beyond the ovary. Ovary partly inferior. Hydrangiaceae in Order 27. Rosales. 170 Ovary wholly inferior. Order 35. Opuntiales. 234 Hypanthium produced beyond the ovarj'. Families in Order 37. Myrtales. 240 Stamens not more than twice as many as the petals. Styles wanting ; stigmas sessile. Gunneracese in Order Z7- Myrtales. 248 Styles present. Styles distinct. Ovules several in each cavity of the ovary ; fruit a capsule or a fleshy many-seeded berry. Fruit, if dehiscent, valvate. Families in Order 2-]. Rosales. 169 Fruit circumscissile. Portulacacese in Order 24. Chenopodiales. 125 Ovules solitary in each cavity of the ovary ; fruit a drupe or 2-5 more or less united achenes. Order 38. Umbell.^les. 249 Styles united, or single. Plants without tendrils. Ovary enclosed in or surpassed by the hypanthium or ad- nate to it. Ovules solitary in each cavity of the ovary. Order 38. Umbellales. 249 Ovules several in each cavity. Ovary with parietal placentae. Loasaceae in Order 35. Opuntiales. 234 Ovary with central or basal placentae. Families in Order 37. Myrtales. 240 Ovary exceeding the hypanthium, the top free. Hydrangiaceae in Order 27. Rosales. 175 xxii KEY TO THE ORDERS. riaiils with tendrils ; fruit a pepo ; leaf-blades palmatcly veined. Cucurhitacex in Order 47. Cami'anulales. 325 II. Petals more or less united. Ovary superior. Stamens free from the corolla. Gyna-cium of a single carpel. Families in Order 2"]. Rosales. 169 Gyna'ciuni of several united carpels. Filaments united. Stamens diadelphous. Fumariaceae in Order 2(>. Papaverales. 149 Stamens monadelphous. Anther-sacs opening by slits. Oxalidacex in Order 28. Geraniales. 220 Anther-sacs opening by pores. Calyx and corolla very irregular. Order 29. Polvgalales. 221 Calyx and corolla regular. Families in Order 39. Ericales. 258 Filaments distinct. Families in Order 39. Ericales. 258 Stamens partially adnate to the corolla. Stamens as many as the lobes of the corolla and opposite them, or twice as many or more; ovary i-celled; placenta: central or basal. Order 40. Primulales. 261 Stamens as many as the lobes of the corolla and alternate with them, or fewer. Corolla not scarious, veiny ; fruit various, but not a pyxis. Carpels distinct, except sometimes at the apex. Order 43. Asclepiadales. 269 Carpels united. Ovary i -celled, with central placentae. Order 42. Ge.ntia.nales. 264 Ovary 2-3-celled, or falsely 4-celled, or if i -celled with parietal placentje. Order 44. Polemoniales. 271 Corolla scarious, veinless ; fruit a pyxis. Order 45. Plantaginales. 320 Ovary inferior. Stamens with the filaments free from the corolla. Stamens 10; anther-sacs opening by terminal pores or chinks. Vacciniaceae in Order 39. Ericales. 260 Stamens 5 or fewer ; anther-sacs opening by longitudinal slits. Order 47. Campanulales. 325 Stamens adnate to the corolla. Ovary with 2-many fertile cavities and 2-many ovules ; calyx un- modified, at least not a pappus. Plants tendril-bearing. Cucurbitacea; in Order 47. Campanulales. 325 Plants not tendril-bearing. Ovules mostly on basal placentae ; plants parasitic. Order 22. Saxtalales. 100 Ovules variously borne, but not on a basal placenta ; plants not parasitic. Order 46. Rubiales. 321 Ovary with one fertile cavity. Flowers not in heads, often in head-like spikes or racemes. Order 48. Valerianales. 326 Flowers in involucrate heads. Order 49. Carduales. 327 FLORA OF COLORADO. Subkingdom PTERIDOPHYTA. Fern-worts. Order i. OPHIOGLOSSALES. Family i. OPHIOGLOSSACEAE I'resl. Addfr's-Tongue Family. I. BOTRYCHIUM Sw. Moon wort. Plant large, the sterile leaf ternately decompound, sessile at the middle of the stem. I. B. virginianum. Plant small ; the leaf under s cm. long. Leaf triangular, sessile near the top of the stem. 2. B. lanceolainm. Leaf oval, slightly stalked from near the middle of the stem or lower. 3. B. Lunarta. 1. Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw. Rich woods, N. S. to Labr., B. C. and Wash, to Texas and Fla. — Arkansas Canon {Brandegec). 2. Botrychium lanceolatum (S. G. Gmel.) Angs. In woods, N. J. and N. S. to Alaska and Wash. — " Colorado." 3. Botrychium Lunaria (L.) Sw. In open places, Newf. to Alaska and Utah : rare. — Alt. about 12,000 ft. — Gray's Peak. Order 2. FILICALES. Family 2. POLYPODIACEAE R. Br. Fern Family. Sori round, or at least less than twice as long as broad. Sori naked. Leaves jointed to the rootstock. simply pinnate. i. Polypodium. Leaves continuous with the rootstock, ternately compound. 2. Phegopteris. Sori covered with a membranous indusium when young. Indusium superior. Indusium circular fixed by the center. 3. Polystichum. Indusium heart-shaped or reniform fixed by the sinus. 4. Dryopteris. Indusium inferior or lateral. Indusium inferior, breaking at maturity into stellate lobes. 5. WOODSIA. Indusium lateral, thrown back at maturity like a delicate hood. 6. FiLix. 1 1 2 POLYPODIACEAE. Sori linear or oblong, at least twice as long as broad. Sori marginal. Indusium present formed of the recurved leaf margin. Indiisiuni double, the inner membranous one opening outwardly; leaves large, scattered. /. Ptkridium. Indusium single. Leaves dimorphous, the sporophyls contracted and more or less pod- like. 8. CRYI'TOnUAMMA. Leaves uniform or nearly so. Leaves chaffy or tomentose, the ultimate segments small and bead- hke. 9. Cheii.antiiks. Leaves smooth with dark polished stalks ; segments broader. 10. Pei.laica. Indusium wanting; under surface (in the Colorado species) with white pow- der; rachises zigzag. 11. Northolaena. Sori dorsal, oblique to the midribs or rachises, covered with a special in- dusium. Leaves pinnate or pinnately compound. Sori straight. 12. Aspi.enium. Sori curved, often crossing the veins ; indusia occasionally horseshoe- shaped. 13- Athvrium. Leaves dichotomous, the divisions few and narrow ; small rock-loving plants of the mountains. 14- Bei.visia. I. POLYPODIUM L. Polypody. I. Polypodium hesperium Maxon. [P. vulgare of western botanists.] On rocks, Mont, to B. C, Wash., Colo, and Ariz.— Alt. about 8500 ft.— Red Moun- tain road, south of Ouray. 2. PHEGOPTERIS Fee. Beech-Fern. I. Phegopteris Dryopteris (L.) Fee. In moist-rocky places; Newf. to Alaska, Ore., Colo, and Va. — Alt. about 8000 ft. — Green Mountain Falls. 3. POLYSTICHUM Roth. Holly-Fern. I. Polystichum Lonchitis (L.) Roth. On rocks, Arctic America to N. S., Calif, and Colo. — Alt. 8500-10,000 ft. — Ruby; Red Mountain road, south of Ouray; Fish Creek Falls, Routt Co. 4. DRYOPTERIS Adans. Male-Fern, Wood-Fern. I. Dryopteris Filix-mas (L.) Schott. On rocks, N. S. to northern Mich., Alaska, Calif., Ariz, and Colo.— Alt. 6000-8500 ft. — Red Mountain road, south of Ouray ; Horsetooth Mountain ; Caiion City ; Rist Canon. 5. WOODSIA R. Br. Teeth of young leaves coarse, not ciliate. Stalks and pinnules covered with minute flattened hairs. i. W. scopidina. Stalks and pinnules smooth. 2. W. oregana. Teeth of young leaves fine, ciliate at the tips. 3- ^- mexicana. I. Woodsia scopulina D. C. Eaton. On exposed rocks, Mich, to B. C, Calif., Ariz, and Colo. — Alt. 5000-7000 ft. — North Cheyenne Caiion; vicinity of Arthur's Rock; Boulder; Horsetooth Gulch; gulch west of Soldier Canon; foot-hills, Larimer Co. ; South Boulder Caiion. POLYPODIACEAE. 3 2. Woodsia oregana D. C. Eaton. On exposed rocks, northern Mich, to B. C, CaHf., Ariz, and Neb. — Alt. 4000-11,500 ft. — Hills about Box Canon, west of Ouray; Red Mountain road, south of Ouray; Cheyenne Canon; Horsetooth Mountain; North Cheyenne Canon; hills south of La Veta; Par- lin, Gunnison Co. ; Alpine Tunnel. 3. Woodsia mexicana Fee. Foot-hills from Colo, and Ariz, to Mex. — Alt. 7500-9500 ft. — Manitou ; South Cheyenne Caiion ; Colorado Springs ; Chey- enne Mountain ; Ouray. 6. FILIX Adans. Bladder-Fern. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, 2-3-pinnate. i. F. fragilis. Leaves broadly triangular, 3-4-pinnate. 2. F. montana. 1. Filix fragilis (L.) Underw. [Cystopteris fragilis Bernh.] On moist rocks, Newf. and Labr. to Alaska, Calif., Ariz, and Ga. — Alt. 5000-13,000 ft.— Horsetooth Mountain; Crystal Creek; near Ouray; Red Mountain, south of Ouray ; Upper La Plata River ; near Pagosa Peak ; Cheyenne Caiion ; Steam- boat Springs; Minnehaha; Sierra Blanca; gulch west of Bear River; Par- lin, Gunnison Co.; Lake City; Pike's Peak; Rist Caiion; Horsetooth Gulch; Michigan ; Leroux Creek ; Howe's Gulch ; Silverton ; Mount Garfield. 2. Filix montana (Lam.) Underw. On rocks. Lab. and Que. to B. C. and Colo. — Alt. about 10,500 ft. — Mt. Antero, Saguache Range. 7. PTERIDIUM Scopoli. Bracken. I. Pteridium aquilinum pubescens Underw. [Pteris aquiliua of western botanists.] On poor soil in open places, Mont, to Calif., Colo, and Ariz. — Alt. 8500-10,000 ft. — Red Mountain road, south of Ouray; near Pagosa Peak; Bosworth's ranch ; Rabbit-Ear Range. 8. CRYPTOGRAMMA R. Br. Parsley-Fern. Leaves 3-4-pinnatifid, densely cespitose ; texture firm. i. C. acrostichoides. Leaves 2-3-pinnatifid, scattered ; texture flaccid. 2. C. Stelleri. 1. Cryptogramma acrostichoides R. Br. On loose rocks, Lake Superior to Alaska, Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 8500-11,500 ft. — Near Pagosa Peak; Mt. Hes- perus ; Estes Park, Larimer Co. ; West Spanish Peak ; Twin Lakes ; Red Mountain road, south of Ouray; Clear Creek; Fish Creek Falls, Routt Co. 2. Cryptogramma Stelleri (S. C. Gmel.) Prantl. [Pellaea gracilis Hook.] On moist rocks, Labr. and Pa. to Colo, and Alaska. — Alt. 7500-9500 ft. — Cafions west of Ouray. 9. CHEILANTHES Sw. Lip-Fern. Leaves hairy or tomentose, not scaly. Stalks covered with woolly hairs when young, at length nearly smooth. I. C. Feci. Stalks and rachises with narrow lanceolate scales. 2. C. Eatoni. Leaves covered beneath with imbricated scales, not tomentose. 3. C. Fendleri. 4 FOLVI'ODIACRAI",. 1. Cheilanthes Feci Moore. [C. lanuginosa Nutt.] On dryish rocks, 111. and Minn, to B. C, Ariz, and Tex. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Trail Glen; Ute Pass; West Indian Creek ; North Cheyenne Canon ; Colorado Springs ; Canon City. 2. Cheilanthes Eatoni Baker. On rocks, Ariz, to Colo, and Texas. — Alt. about 5800 ft. — .\rkansas Canon. 3. Cheilanthes Fendleri Hook. On dry rocks, Texas to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 5000-8500 ft. — Horsctooth Mountain ; Cheyenne Canon ; Green Moun- tain Falls; Glen Eyrie; Boulder; Arkansas Canon; Manitou. 10. PELLAEA Link. Rock-Brake. Simply pinnate ; texture thin ; pinnae obtuse, narrower when fertile. I. P. Breweri. Bi — tri-pinnate ; texture coriaceous. Pinnae obtuse or barely acute. 2. P. atropiirpurca. Pinnae mucronulate. 3. P. Wrightiana. 1. Pellaea Breweri D. C. Eaton. On rocks, Mont., Ore. and Calif. — Re- ported from Colorado, but exact locality not given. 2. Pellaea atropurpurea (L.) Link. On rocks, New England to B. C, southward to Ga., Texas and Ariz. — Alt. about 7500 ft. — Box Caiion, Ouray. 3. Pellaea Wrightiana Hook. On rocks, Kans. to Texas and Calif. — Canon City. II. NOTHOLAENA R. Br. Cloak-Fern. I. Notholaena Fendleri Kunze. On exposed rocks, Wyo. to N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 6000-9500 ft. — Cheyenne Caiion, base of Pike's Peak; Queen's and William's Caiions ; Arkansas 'Caiion ; Colorado Springs ; Ute Pass ; Clear Creek Cafion, at Dumont ; South Cheyenne Canon ; between La Veta and Gardner; La Veta; Bergen Park. 12. ASPLENIUM L. Spleen wort. Leaves simply pinnate. Rachis chestnut brown or blackish. Pinnae 2-2 cm. long, auriculate on the upper side at base. 1. A. platyneuron. Pinnae i cm. long, obliquely oval, not auriculate at base. 2. A. Trichomancs. Rachis green ; pinnae ovate-rhomboidal, oblique at base. 3. A. viride. Leaves bipinnate. 4- A- Andrewsii. 1. Asplenium platyneuron (L.) Oakes. [A. ebeneum Aiton] On rocks, Me. to Fla., Tex., N. M. and Colo. — Green Horn Mountains {Greene). 2. Asplenium Trichomanes L. On limestone rocks, quite generally east of the Rocky Mountains. — Alt. 5000-7000 ft. — South Boulder Cafion ; Horsetooth Mountain ; Horsetooth Gulch. 3. Asplenium viride Huds. On rocks, N. Br. and Vt. to Alaska, Ore. and Wyo. — Reported from Colorado, but exact locality not given. 4. Asplenium Andrewsii A. Nelson. Sandstone cliff, in Colo. — Boulder Creek. 13. ATHYRIUM Roth. Lady-Fern. I. Athyrium Filix-foemina (L.) Roth. In moist, shady places, Newf. to B. C, Calif, and Fla.— Alt. about 9000 ft.— Near Pagosa Peak; Fish Creek Falls, Routt Co. POLYPODIACEAE. 5 14. BELVISIA jNIirb. 1. Belvisia septentrionalis (L.) Mirb. (Asplenium septentrionale Hoffm.) On rocks, S. D. to Mont., N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 6000-6500 ft. — Horsetooth Mountain ; South Boulder Canon ; Arkansas Caiion. Order 3. SALVINIALES. Family 3. MARSILEACEAE R. Br. Mahsilia Family. I. MARSILEA L. I. Marsilea vestita Hook. & Grev. Wet, sandy soil. Ark. and Tex. to Calif., B. C. and S. D.— Saguache (IVolf). Order 4. EQUISETALES. Family 4. EQUISETACEAE Michx. Horsetaii. Family. I. EQUISETUM L. Horsetail. Stems annual, copiously branching. Spike-bearing stems pale, soon withering ; sheaths of branches 4-toothed. I. E. arvense. Spike-bearing stems withering at apex, producing branches below ; sheaths of branches 3-toothed. 2. E. pratense. Stems perennial, evergreen ; branches few. Stems smoothish, 14-30-furrowed. 3. E. laevigatum. Stems roughened, s-io-furrowed. 4. E. variegatum. 1. Equisetum arvense L. In sandy places, Greenl. and Va. to Calif, and Alaska. — Alt. 5000-10,000 ft. — Fort Collins; Ouray; West Indian Creek; Mancos; Bob Creek, west of Mt. Hesperus; Hotchkiss. 2. Equisetum pratense Ehrh. Along streams, N. So. to N. J., Colo, and Neb. — Alt. up to 10,500 ft. — Bob Creek, west of Mt. Hesperus. 3. Equisetum laevigatum A. Br. Moist places, N. J. to Tex., B. C. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-12,500 ft. — Gunnison; Parlin; Ft. Collins; West Spanish Peak; Cucharas River, below La Veta; Wahatoya Creek; Trimble Springs; Mancos ; Grand Junction. 4. Equisetum variegatum Schleich. In sandy soil, Arctic America to N. Y. and Nev. — Clear Creek, near Denver {Coulter). Orders. ISOETALES. Family 5. ISOETACEAE Horan. Quillwort Family. 1. ISOETES L. Quillwort. Stomata wanting ; leaves 40-60, rigid ; microspores whitish, papillose. 1. /. paupercula. Stomata present ; leaves 5-25, soft ; microspores deep brown, spinulose. 2. /. Bolanderi. I. Isoetes paupercula (Engelm.) A. A. Eaton. [/. occidentalis Henderson, /. lacustris paupercula Engelm.] In lakes, always submerged; Colo, to Calif., Wash, and Ida.— Grand Lake, Middle Park. (» ISOETACEAE. 2. Isoetes Bolanderi Engclm. In ponds, Mont, to Wash., Colo, and Calif. — " Western Colorado." Order 6. LYCOPODIALES. Spores uniform, minute. Family 6. Lycopodiaceae. Spores of two sorts, minute microspores and larger macrospores. Family 7. Selaginellaceae. Family 6. LYCOPODIACEAE Michx. Cluhmoss Family. I. LYCOPODIUM L. Club-Moss, Running Pine. I. Lycopodium annotinum L. In open places in forest, Mass. and Newf. to Colo., Wash, and Alaska. — Alt. 9000-10,500 ft. — Beaver Creek; Estes Park; Front Range, Larimer Co. ; Notch Mountain. Family 7. SELAGINELLACEAE Underw. Selaginfxla Family. I. SELAGINELLA Beauv. Little Club-Moss. Stems rooting at base only ; spikes thick, with lax bracts ; macrospores spinulose. I. S. selaginoides. Stems rooting their entire length ; bracts rigid. Leaves without bristles at the ends ; stems slender, wiry. 2. 5". mutica. Leaves with distinct terminal bristles. Stems short, compact ; leaves light green, crowded, with long terminal bristles. 3. 5". densa. Stems long, loosely spreading ; leaves dark green, lax, with short terminal bristles. 4. S. Underzcoodii. 1. Selaginella selaginoides (L.) Link. In open places in high mountains, Labr. and northern N. Y. to Alaska and Colo. Exact locality not given. 2. Selaginella mutica D. C. Eaton. On rocks, N. M. to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 6000-6500 ft. — Idaho Springs ; South Cheyenne Canon ; North Chey- enne Canon ; Royal Gorge. 3. Selaginella densa Rydb. (S. Engelmanni Hieron.) On exposed rocks, S. D. and western Neb. to Mont, and Colo. — Alt. about 7000 ft. — The Rustic, Larimer Co. 4. Selaginella Underwoodii Hieron. (S. rupcstris Fendleri Underw.) On exposed rocks, N. Mex. and Colo. — Alt. 5000-7500 ft. — North Cheyenne Canon; Minnehaha; Pike's Peak; South Cheyenne Cafion; Boulder; foot- hills near Ft. Collins; Manitou. Subkingdom SPERMATOPHYTA Seed-bearing Plants. Class 1. GYMNOSPERMAE. Order 7. FINALES. Carpellary scales with bracts, never peltate ; ovules inverted ; buds scaly ; wing accompanying the seed a portion of the carpellary scale ; cones dry. Fam. 8. Pinaceae. Carpellary scales without bracts, in ours fleshy and peltate ; ovules erect ; buds naked ; wings of the seed (if present) a portion of the testa ; cones in ours berrylike. Fam. 9. Juniperaceae. Family 8. PINACEAE Lindl. Pine Family. Leaves usually several together, surrounded by a sheath at the base : cones maturing the second year. Cone-scales with dorsal, (in ours) spine-armed appendages. Seeds with elongated wings, these free from the scales and attached to the seeds when these fall. i. Pinus. Seeds with rudimentary wings, these adnate to the scales when the seeds fall. 2. Carvopitys. Cone-scales with inconspicuous terminal, unarmed appendages ; wing of the seed rudimentary. 3. Apinus. Leaves solitary, without sheath ; cones maturing the first year. Branchlets rough from the prominent, persistent leaf-bases (sterigmata) ; leaves in ours quadrangular in cross-section ; cones pendulous with per- sistent scales. 4. PicEA. Branchlets smooth, the leaf-scars scarcely raised ; leaves flat. Cones pendulous ; their scales persistent on the axis ; leaves petioled, with transversely oval scars. 5. Pseudotsuga. Cones erect ; their scales deciduous from the axis ; leaves sessile with cir- cular scars. 6. Abies. I. PINUS L. Pines. Leaves in fascicles of 4 or 5 ; spines of the cone-scales long and slender. 1. P. aristata. Leaves in fascicles of 2 or 3 ; spines of the cone-scales short and stout. Cones 6-9 cm. long and 5-6 cm. in diameter; leaves 8-15 cm. long. 2. P. scopulorum. Cones 3-5 cm. long and 3 cm. in diameter ; leaves 3-6 cm. long. 3. P. Murrayana. 1. Pinus aristata Engelm. Foxtail Pine, Hickory Pine. Rocky and gravelly mountains from Colo, to Nev., southern Calif, and Ariz. — Alt. 8500- 12,500 ft.— Mt. Garfield ; Seven Lakes ; Como ; Veta Pass ; Pike's Peak ; Mid- dle Park; Gray's Peak. 2. Pinus scopulorum (Engelm.) Lemmon. Bull Pine, Rocky Mountain Yellow Pine. Hills and mountains from Nebr. to Mont., Ariz, and N. M. — .S PINACEAE. Alt. 5ooo-io,(XX) ft. — Mountains, Veta Pass; Mancos; Ouray; Minnehaha; Georgetown ; Horsetooth Mountain. 3. Pinus Murrayana Oreg. Com. Lodge Pole Pine, Black Pine. Hills and mountains from Mont, to Alaska, Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 5000-10,000 ft.^ Mountains near Veta Pass; Pallas and Sydney; Dillon; Mount Ouray; Breckenridge; Cipango; Baxter's ranch; North Park; Como. 2. CARYOPITYS Small. Pinons, Nut Pines. Cones about 3 cm.; leaves usually in pairs, seldom in threes, i. C. edulis. Cones 4-5 cm. ; leaves singly or rarely in pairs. 2. C. monophylla. 1. Caryopitys edulis (Engelm.) Small. (Pinus edulis Engelm.) Dry foot- hills and table-lands from southern Wyo. to western Texas, northern Mex., Ariz, and Utah. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Glen Eyrie; Cedar Creek; Red Rock Canon ; Mancos ; Salida ; Florence ; Manitou ; Buena Vista ; Grand Junction. 2. Caryopitys monophylla (Torr. and Frem.) Rydb. (Pinus monophylla Torr. and Frem.) Dry hills and mountain slopes from Utah to Calif, Lower California and Ariz. One specimen from Colorado seems to belong here. — Manitou. 3. APINUS Necker. Cembra Pines. 1. Apinus flexilis (James) Rydb. (Pinus flexilis James) Rocky Moun- tain White Pine. Mountains from Alb. to western Texas and southern Calif. — Alt. 7500-11,000 ft. — Clear Creek, Middle Park; Ojo; Graham's Park; North Park ; Minnehaha ; Beaver Creek ; Chambers Lake ; Manitou. 4. PICEA Link. Spruces. Branchlets pubescent; cones 3-5 cm. long. i. P. Engelmannii. Branchlets glabrous ; cones 5-9 cm. long. 2. P. Parryana. 1. Picea Engelmanni (Parry) Engelm. Engelm ann Spruce, White Spruce. Mountains, especially on the north sides, from Alb. to B. C, Ore., Ariz, and N. M. — Alt. 8500-12,500 ft. — ^Empire; Buffalo Pass, Park Range; Mount Baldy ; Wahat03'a Caiion ; Bob Creek, La Plata Mountains ; Grand Lake; Cameron Pass. 2. Picea Parryana (Andree) Sarg. (Picea pungens Engelm.) Blue Spruce, Colorado Spruce. Mountains especially along streams from Wyo. to Utah and N. M. — Alt. 6500-10,000 ft. — Empire; near Pagosa Peak; Crystal Park; Wahatoya Canon; Cameron Pass. 5. PSEUDOTSUGA Cam Douglas Spruce, Red Fir. I. Pseudotsuga mucronata (Raf.) Sudw. Douglas Spruce, Red Fir. Hills and mountains from Alb. to B. C, Calif., northern Mexico and western Texas. — Alt. 6000-11,500 ft. — Pagosa Peak; South Cheyenne Caiion; Colorado Springs; Como; State Bridge, Grand River; Boulder; Manitou; Minnehaha; Mancos ; Placer ; hills about Ouray ; Cameron Pass ; Pingree Hill ; Stove Prairie. PINACEAE. 9 6. ABIES Miller. Balsams, Firs. Resin ducts of the leaves within the soft tissue, remote from the epidermis. 1. A. lasiocarpa. Resin ducts of the leaves close to the epidermis on the lower side. 2. A. concolor. 1. Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Balsam Fir. Subalpine mountains from Alb. to Alaska, Ariz, and N. M. — Alt. 9500-12,500 ft. — West Spanish Peak; Grand Lakes; Empire; Andrew's ranch; Mt. Richtofen ; Cameron Pass. 2. Abies concolor Lindl. White Fir. Along streams in the mountains from Colo, to Ore., Calif, and N. M. — Alt. 8000-10,000 ft. — Wahatoya Cai'ion; Manitou ; Veta Mountain ; Bob Creek, west of La Plata ; Ouray. Family 9. JUNIPERACEAE Horan. Juniper Family. Leaves subulate on the mature branches ; aments axillary, the pistillate with smaller scales at the top. i. Juniperus. Leaves scalelike and appressed on the mature branches ; aments terminal, the pistillate with larger scales at the top. 2. S.\bin.\. I. JUNIPERUS L. Junipers. Low shrub with depressed branches ; leaves abruptly bent at the base, deeply channelled, abruptly acute. i. /. sibirica. Tree or erect shrub ; leaves straight or nearly so, shallowly channelled, gradually acuminate. 2. /. communis. 1. Juniperus sibirica Burgsd. Mountain or Low Juniper. Exposed rocky mountains and hills from Labr. to Alaska, Utah and N. Y. — Alt. 6500-10,000 ft^Pike's Peak; Colorado Springs; Empire; Marshall Pass; Golden; Little Beaver; near Veta Pass; Bob Creek, west of La Plata Mountains; Ouray; Grand Lake; between Sunshine and Ward; Ojo; Beaver Creek; Baxter's ranch; Trapper's Lake; Rist Cation. 2. Juniperus communis L. Juniper. Rocky hills and stony places from Lab. to Mont., N. M. and Ga.— Alt. 5000-8500 ft. — Minnehaha; Colorado Springs. 2. SABINA Haller. Red Cedars, Savins, Junipers. Fruit reddish-brown or bluish by a bloom, with dry-fibrous sweet flesh. I. 5". utahensis. Fruit blue or blue-black, rarely copper-colored, with juicy resinous flesh. Trees or erect shrubs ; fruit on straight peduncle. Leaves minutely denticulate at the apex ; fruit 5-7 mm. in diameter, usually i-seeded. 2. S. monosperma. Leaves entire ; fruit 4-5 mm. in diameter, usually several-seeded. 3. S. scopulorum. Prostrate shrub ; fruit on recurved peduncle. 4- -S"- prostrata. 1. Sabina utahensis (Engelm.) Rydb. {Juniperus califoniica utahensis Engelm.) On dry mountain slopes and table-lands from western Colo, to Nev., southeastern Calif, and Ariz. — Alt. 5000-10.000 ft. — State Bridge; Glen- wood Springs; Grand River Valley. 10 JUNIPERACEAE. 2. Sabina monosperma (Enpclm.) Rydb. {Jumpcriis occidetitalis tnono- spcrma Engolm.) Dry foot-hills and mesas from Colo, to Utah, Ariz., N. M. and northern Mexico. — Alt. 5500-7500 ft. — McCoy; Cedar Creek; La Veta; Mancos ; Owl Canon ; Rustic. 3. Sabina scopulonim (Sarg.) Rydb. {Juuipcrus scopulorum Sarg.) Rocky Mountain Red CED.^R. On foot-hills and river bluffs from Alb. to B. C, Ore., Ariz, and Texas. — Alt. 4000-8500 ft. — Colorado Springs; Golden; Garden of the Gods; Ouray: Durango; McCoy; State Bridge, Grand River; Kremmling; Eagle River, Walcott ; Boulder; Manitou; New Castle; Salida; Andrew's ranch ; Soldier Canon ; Rist Caiion ; Trinidad ; Owl Canon. 4. Sabina prostrata (Pers.) Antoine. Creeping Juniper, Trailing Savin. Exposed hills and slopes from N. S. to B. C, Colo, and N. Y. — Alt. 4000- 8500 ft. — North Cheyenne Canon ; Parlin ; Owl Canon. Order 8. GNETALES. Family 10. EPHEDRACEAE Diimort. Joint-fir Family. I. EPHEDRA Tourn. Joint-firs. Scales and branches opposite ; bracts opposite and connate, scarious only on the margins. i. E. antisyphylitica. Scales, branches and bracts in threes ; the latter scarcely connate ; those of the pistillate cones mostly scarious and more or less clawed. Scales 2-3 mm. long, not becoming shreddy ; fruit scabrous. 2. E. Torreyana. Scales 6-12 mm. long, becoming shreddy; fruit smooth. 3. E. trifurca. 1. Ephedra antisyphylitica E. A. Mey. On desert land from Colo, to Texas and Mex. — Mancos. 2. Ephedra Torreyana S. Wats. On desert lands to an altitude of 5500 ft. from Colo, and Utah to N. M. and Calif. — Deer Run. 3. Ephedra trifurca Torn On desert lands from southwestern Colo, and Utah to Texas and Ariz. — Mesa Verde; Las Animas Valley (Brandegee). Class 2. ANGIOSPERMAE. Subclass 1. MONOCOTYLEDONES. Order 9. PANDANALES. Flowers in elongated terminal spikes ; fruit hidden among bristles. Fam. II. Typhaceae. Flowers in globose lateral spikes ; fruit not hidden among bristles. Fam. 12. Sparganiaceae. Family 11. TYPHACEAE J. St. Hil. Cat-tail Family. I. TYPHA L. Cat-tails. I. Typha latifolia L. In marshes, lakes and streams from Newf. to Wash., Fla. and Calif. ; also Max., Asia and Europe. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Pagosa Springs ; Ft. Collins ; common in swamps formed by irrigation. Family 12. SPARGANIACEAE Agard. Bur-reed Family. I. SPARGANIUM L. Bur-reed. Leaves triangular-keeled at the base. Mature achenes truncate at the apex, stalked ; stigmas often 2. I. 5". eurocarpiim. Mature achenes acuminate at the apex, sessile ; stigma always solitary ; lower heads peduncled. 2. S. multipeduncidatum. Leaves flat throughout, mostly floating. Mature heads 12-15 mm. in diameter; style and stigma of about the same length as the achenes. 3. S. angustifoliuni. Mature heads 7-10 mm. in diameter; style and stigma shorter than the achenes. 4. 5". minimum. 1. Sparganium eurocarpum Engelm. In marshes and slov^r streams from Newf. to Wash., Fla. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-5500 ft. — Along Platte River, Denver. 2. Sparganium multipedunculatum (Morong) Rydb. {S. simplex multi- pedimculatum Morong) In marshes, slow streams and lakes, from the Mackenzie River to Wash, and Colo. — Alt. 6500-10,500 ft. — Gunnison ; Cot- tonwood Lake; Kremmling; West Cliff; margin of lake, Buffalo Pass, Park Range; Estes Park; eight miles west of Hebron. 3. Sparganium angustifolium Michx. In lakes and streams from Newf. to Ore., N. Y. and Calif. — Alt. 8500-11,500 ft. — Near Pagosa Peak; Seven Lakes; Trapper's Lake; Estes Park. 11 T-' ZANICHELLIACEAE. 4. Sparganium minimum Fries. In ponds and streams from N. B. to Alaska, N. Y. and Utah. — Grand Lake ; Estes Park. Order 10. NAIADALES. Gynoecium of distinct carpels ; stigmas disk-like or cup-like. Fam. 13. ZANICHELLIACEAE. Gynoecium of united carpels ; stigmas 2-4, slender. Fam. 14. Naiadaceae. Family 13. ZANICHELLIACEAE Dumort. Pond-weed Family. Flowers perfect in peduncled spikes ; ovaries sessile ; stamens 4 ; connective ap- pendaged. i. Potamogeton. Flowers monoecious, axillary ; anthers i ; connective not appendaged. 2. Zanichellia. I. POTAMOGETON L. Pond-weed. With both floating and submerged leaves. Submerged leaves bladeless. i. P. natans. Submerged leaves with proper blade. Submerged leaf-blades lanceolate. Submerged leaves all petioled. 2. P. lonchites. Submerged leaves sessile or the uppermost short-petioled. Peduncles of the same thickness as the stem. 3. P. alpinus. Peduncles thicker than the stem. 4. P. Zizii. Submerged leaves linear. • 5. P. heterophyllus. With submerged leaves only. Leaves with broad blades, lanceolate or oval, many-nerved. Leaves short-petioled or sessile, not clasping. 6. P. lucens. Leaves clasping. 7. P. Richardsonii. Leaves narrowly linear or capillary. Stipules free from the leaves. Glands at the base of the leaves absent. 8. P. foliosus. Glands at the base of the leaves present. 9. P. pusillus. Stipules adnate to the base of the leaves. Stigma broad, sessile. Leaves filiform, J-4-/4 mm. wide; stipular sheath 3-8 mm. long. 10. P. iiliformis. Leaves about i mm. wide ; stipular sheath 1-2 cm. long. 11. P. interior. Stigma capitate; style evident. 12. P. pectinatus. 1. Potamogeton natans L. In lakes and ponds from N. S. to Alaska, Fla. and Calif. ; also Mex., Europe and Asia. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Rio Grande, Alamosa ; Lee's Lake, Ft. Collins ; Larainie River near state line. 2. Potamogeton lonchites Tiickerm. In ponds and slow streams from N. B. to Wash., Fla. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Alamosa. 3. Potamogeton alpinus Balbis. (P. rufescens Schrad.) In ponds from N. S. to Alaska, N. J. and Calif. — Alt. 8000-11,500 ft. — Georgetown; Tomichi River; Seven Lakes; Trappers Lake. ZANICHELLIACEAE. 13 4. Potamogeton Zizii M. & K. In lakes and streams from Que. to Ida., Fla. and Texas. — Cerro Summit. 5. Potamogeton heterophyllus Schreb. In still or flowing water from Lab. to B. C, Fla. and Calif. — -Alt. 5000-6000 ft. — Near Boulder. 6. Potamogeton lucens L. In ponds and lakes, from N. Sc. to Fla. and Calif. — ^Cottonwood Lake. 7. Potamogeton Richardsonii (Bennett) Rydb. (P. pcrfoliatus lanccolatus Robbins) In lakes, ponds and slow streams from Newf. to Alaska, Del. and Calif.— Alt. about 8000 ft. — Tomichi River. 8. Potamogeton foliosus Raf. In streams and ponds from N. B. to B. C, Fla. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — North Platte River, below Hebron; Grand River, Sulphur Springs; Platte River, Denver. 9. Potamogeton pusillus L. In slow streams and ponds from N. B. to B. C, N. C. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Base of Pike's Peak; Brantly Canon, Las Animas Co. ; Alamosa. 10. Potamogeton filiformis Pers. In ponds and lakes from Anticosti to B. C, N. Y. and Colo.— Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Twin Lakes; Walsenburg; Grand Lake. 11. Potamogeton interior Rydb. {P. niariiius occidcntalis Robbins) In lakes and slow streams from Alb. to Colo, and Nev. — Alt. 6500-10.000 ft. — San Luis Valley; Ironton Park, nine miles south of Ouray; Tomichi River; Gunnison ; Hamor's Lake, Durango. 12. Potamogeton pectinatus L. In fresh, alkaline or salt water from N. B. to Alaska, Fla. and Low. Calif. — Alt. 4000-10.000 ft. — Twin Lakes; New Windsor; lake near Ft. Collins; Grizzly Creek; Trapper's Lake; Lee's Lake, Ft. Collins. 2. ZANICHELLIA L. Zanichellia. I. Zanichellia palustris L. In fresh and alkaline ponds and streams especi- ally with sandy bottoms from Mass. to Wash., Fla. and Calif. ; also in the Old World. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Ft. Collins; Platte River, Denver; stream twelve miles below Grand Lake; swamp along Poudre River. Family 14. NAIADACEAE Lindl. Naias Family. I. NAIAS L. Naias. I. Naias guadalupensis (Spreng.) Morong. In brackish and alkaline water from Kans., Nebr. to Ore., Fla. and Texas; Tropical America. — Lee's Lake, Ft. Collins. Order 11. ALISMALES. Petals similar to the sepals ; anthers long and narrow ; carpels coherent. Fam. 15. SCHEUCHSERIACEAE. Petals different from the sepals, in ours white ; anthers short and thick ; carpels not coherent. Fam. 16. Alismaceae. 14 SCHEUCHSERIACEAE. Family 15. SCHEUCHSERIACEAE Agardh. Arrow-cjkass Family. 1. TRIGLOCHIN L. Arrow-grass. Carpels 3 ; fruit linear-clavate, tapering to an awl-shaped base. i. T. paluslris. Carpels 6 ; fruit oblong or ovoid, obtuse at the base. 2. T. maritima. 1. Triglochin palustris L. In marshes from N. B. to Alaska, N. Y. and Colo. ; also in Europe and Asia. — Alt. 6500-10.000 ft. — Lake John, North Park; Tola; Hamor's Lake, north of Durango; Grizzly Creek; Como; South Park. 2. Triglochin maritima L. In marshes, especially those that are more or less alkaline or saline, from Lab. to Alaska, N. J. and Calif. — Alt. 6500-10,000 ft. — Parlin, Gunnison Co.; Doyle's; Trimble Springs, north of Durango; Gyp- sum, Eagle Co.; Tobe Miller's ranch; Steamboat Springs. Family 16. ALISMACEAE DC. Water-plaintain Family. Carpels in a ring on a flat receptacle. i. Alisma. Carpels spirally arranged in several series on a convex or globose receptacle. 2. Sagittaria. I. ALISMA L. Water-plantain. I, Alisma Plantago L. {A. brcvipes Greene) In water from Que. to Wash., Colo, and Low. Calif. ; also in Europe. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Cerro Summit; La Porte, Larimer Co.; La Plata River; Piedra; near the river, Ft. Collins ; Hubbard Creek, Delta Co. 2. SAGITTARIA L. Arrow-head. Basal lobes of the leaf-blades not longer than the blade proper. Beak of the achenes at a right angle to the body and of J4 its length or more ; bracts ovate. i. 5". latifolia. Beak of the achenes erect, very short. Bracts lanceolate, 8-20 mm. long; petiole comparatively short; blade sel- dom floating. 2. 5". arifolia. Bracts ovate-lanceolate, 4-6 mm. long ; petioles very long ; blades floating or none. 3- •S'. cuneata. Basal lobes of the leaf-blades 2-3 times as long as the blades proper. 4. S. longiloba. 1. Sagittaria latifolia Willd. In marshes and shallow water from N. B. to B. C. Fla. and Tex. — Lee's Lake, near Ft. Collins; along the river near Ft. Collins. 2. Sagittaria arifolia J. G. Smith. In shallow water and mud from Me., Sask., B. C. and IMich. to N. M. and Calif.— Alt. 4000-8500 ft.— Near Boulder; New Windsor, Weld Co.; North Cheyenne Canon; Alamosa; Kremmling; La Porte road, near Ft. Collins. 3. Sagittaria cuneata Sheldon. In lakes from Minn, to Sask., B. C. and Colo. — " Colorado." 4. Sagittaria longiloba Engelm. In shallow ponds from Kans. to Colo., Tex. and Sonora. — Exact locality not given. ELODIACEAE. 15 Order 12. HYDROCHARITALES. Family 17. ELODIACEAE Dumort. Tape-grass Family. I. PHILOTRIA Raf. Water-weed. Calyx over 2.5 mm. broad. i. P. angustifolia. Calyx less than 2 mm. broad. 2. P. minor. 1. Philotria angustifolia (Muhl.) Britton. In ponds and slow-flowing water from N. Y. to Sask., Ky. and Nev. — Alt. 4000-6500 ft. — Lee's Lake, Ft. Collins. 2. Philotria minor (Engelm.) Small. In ponds and slow-flowing streams from Me. to Minn., Wyo., Tenn. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Rio Grande; Alamosa; Lee's Lake. Order 13. POALES. Leaves 2-ranked ; their sheath with their margins not united ; stem mostly hollow ; fruit a grain. Fam. 18. Po.\ceae. Leaves 3-ranked ; their sheath with united margins ; stem solid ; fruit an achene. Fam. 19. CypERACEAE. Family 18. POACEAE R. Br. Grass Family. Spikelets falling from the pedicles entire, naked or enclosed in bristles or bur- like involucres, i -flowered, or if 2-flowered the lower flower staminate ; no upper empty glumes ; rachilla not extending above the upper glume. Spikelets round or somewhat compressed dorsally ; empty glumes manifest ; liilum punctiform. Flowering glume and palet hyaline, thin, much more delicate in texture than the empty glumes. Spikelets in pairs, one sessile and the other pedicellate. Tribe i. Andropogoneae. Spikelets not in pairs (Alopecurus, Polypogon, Cinna, etc.). Tribe 6. Agrostideae. Flowering glume, at least that of the perfect flower, similar in texture to the empty glumes, or thicker and firmer, never hyaline and thin. Flowering glume and palet membranous ; the first glume usually larger than the rest. Tribe 2. Zoysieae. Flowering glume and palet chartaceous to coriaceous, very different in color and appearance from the remaining glumes. Tribe 3. Panice.\e. Spikelets much compressed laterally ; empty glumes none or rudimentary ; hilum linear. Tribe 4. Oryzeae. Spikelets with the empty glumes persistent, the rachilla articulated above them, i-many-flowered ; frequently the upper glumes are empty ; rachilla often pro- duced beyond the upper glume. Spikelets borne in an open or spike-like panicle or raceme, usually upon dis- tinct pedicels. Spikelets i -flowered. Empty glumes 4 ; palet i-nerved. Tribe 5. Phalarideae. Empty glumes 2, rarely i ; palet 2-nerved (except in Cinna). Tribe 6. Agrostideae. Spikelets 2-many-flowered. Flowering glumes usually shorter than the empty glumes ; the awn dorsal and usually bent. Tribe 7. Aveneae. Flowering glumes usually longer than the empty ones ; the awn terminal and straight (rarely dorsal in Bromus) or none. Tribe 9. Festuceae. 16 POACEAE. Spikelets in two rows sessile or nearly so. Spikelets on one side of the continuous axis, forming one-sided spikes. Tribe 8. Ciiloriueae. Spikelets alternately on opposite sides of the axis, which is often articulated. Tribe lo. Hordeae. Tribe i. ANDROPOGONEAE. Racemes singly disposed ; apex of the rachis-internodes a translucent cup-shaped appendage. i. Schizachyrium. Racemes disposed in pairs or more ; apex of the rachis-internodes not appendaged. Rachis-internodes and pedicels sulcate, the median portion translucent, the mar- gins thickened. 2. Amphilophis. Rachis-internodes not sulcate. Some or all of the racemes sessile. 3. Andropogon. All of the racemes more or less peduncled. Pedicellate spikelets wanting. 4. Sorghastrum. Pedicellate spikelets present and usually staminate. 5. Sorghum. Tribe 2. ZOYSIEAE. Only one genus represented. 6. Hilaria. Tribe 3. PANICEAE. Spikelets naked, not involucrate. Empty glumes 2. Rachis produced beyond the upper spikelet ; spikelets narrow. jil. Spartina. Rachis not so produced; spikelets globose. 38. Beckmannia. Empty glumes 3. Empty glumes not awned. Spikelets in very slender i -sided racemes, which are usually whorled or approximate. 7. Syntiierisma. Spikelets in panicles or panicled racemes. Spikeles lanceolate, acuminate, long-hairy. 8. Trichachne. Spikelets orbicular or lanceolate ; if the latter, then glabrous. 9. Panicum. Empty glumes awned or awn-pointed. 10. Echinochloa. Spikelets involucrate. Involucre of numerous bristles. 11. Chaetochloa. Involucre of two spine-bearing valves. 12. Cenchrus. Tribe 4. ORYZEAE. Spikelets perfect ; empty glumes wanting or rarely rudimentary. 13. Homalocenchrus. Tribe 5. PHALARIDEAE. Third and fourth glumes empty, awnless. 14. Phalaris. Third and fourth glumes enclosing staminate flowers. 15. Savastana. Tribe 6. AGROSTIDEAE. Flowering glumes indurate when mature and very closely embracing the grain, or at least firmer than the empty glumes. Spikelets all perfect not in pairs. Flowering glume 3-awned. 16. Aristida. Flowering glume i-awned. Awn twisted and bent. i7- Stipa. Awn not twisted. POACEAE. 17 Flowering glumes broad ; awn deciduous. Flowering glumes glabrous, or pubescent with short appressed hairs. i8. Oryzopsis. Flowering glumes pubescent with long, silky hairs much exceeding the glume. 19. Eriocoma. Flowering glumes narrow ; glabrous or with short, appressed hairs ; the awn persistent. 20. Muhlenbergia. Spikelets in pairs, one perfect and the other staminate or sterile, in a spike- like panicle. 21. Lycurus. Flowering glumes usually hyaline or membranaceous at maturity ; at least more delicate than the empty ones ; grains loosely enclosed. Stigma sub-plumose (i. e., with short hairs all around), projecting from the apex of the nearly closed glumes. Inflorescence spike-like. Rachilla of the spikelets articulated above the empty glumes, which are therefore persistent. 22. Phleum. Rachilla of the spikelets articulated below the empty glumes, hence the spikelets deciduous entire. 23. Alopecurus. Inflorescence an open small panicle ; dwarf arctic-alpine plant. 24. PnippsiA. Stigma plumose, projecting from the sides of the spikelets ; inflorescence an open or spike-like panicle. Grain not permanently enclosed in the flowering scale and palet ; pericarp opening readily at maturity. Flowering glumes long-hairy on the veins. 25. Blepharineuron. Flowering glumes not long-hairy on the veins. 26. Sporobulus. Grain permanently enclosed in the flowering glume and the palet ; pericarp adherent. Spikelets readily falling off entire when mature. 27. Polypogon. Spikelets with the empty scales at least persistent. Palet i-nerved and i -keeled ; stamen i. 28. Cinna. Palet 2-nerved and 2-keeled or sometimes wanting; stamen 3. Flowering glumes naked at the base. 29. Agrostis. Flowering glumes with long hairs at the base. Flowering glume and palet thin-membranous. 30. Calam agrostis. Flowering glume and palet chartaceous. 31. Calamovilfa. Tribe 7. AVENEAE. Awn of the flowering glumes inserted dorsally below the teeth. Grain free, unfurrowed ; spikelets less than i cm. long. Flowering glumes erose-toothed or shortly 2-lobed at the apex. 32. Deschampsia. Flowering glumes 2-cleft or deeply 2-toothed at the apex ; teeth awn-pointed. Awn twisted and bent. 33. Trisetum. Awn if present not twisted, straight. 34. Graphephorum. Grain furrowed, adherent to the glumes ; spikelets exceeding i cm. in length. Ovary not crowned by a villous appendage. 35. Avena. Ovary crowned by a villous appendage (awned species of) 65. Bromus. Awn of the flowering glumes inserted between the teeth. 36. Danthonia. Tribe 8. CHLORIDEAE. Spikelets with perfect flowers. Spikelets with i (rarely 2) perfect flowers. Spikelets deciduous as a whole ; rachis articulated below the empty glumes. Rhachis produced above the upper spikelet ; spikelets narrow. 37. Spartina. Rhachis not produced beyond the upper spikelet ; spikelets globose. 38. Beckmannia. 1« POACEAE. Spikclets with at least the empty glumes persistent. Glumes above the perfect flower none ; spikes digitate, very slender. 39. SCHEDONARDUS. Glumes above the perfect flower i-several ; spikes scattered. Spikes 1-4, rarely more ; spikelets 25 or more. 40. Bouteloua. Spikes numerous, 12 or more; spikelets few, less than 12. 41. Atheropogon. Spikelets with 2-3 perfect flowers ; spikelets alternate. 42. Leptochloa. Spikelets dioecious; those of the two sexes very unlike. 43. Bulbilis. Tribe 9. FESTUCEAE. Flowering glumes, at least of the pistillate spikelets, 3-lobed and 3-awned ; plant dioecious. 44. Scleropogon. Flowering glumes entire or at most 2-lobed. Hairs on the rachilla or flowering glume very long and enclosing the latter. 45. Phragmites. Hairs, if any, on the rachilla and the flowering glume shorter than the glume. Stigmas barbellate on elongated styles ; spikelets in threes in the axils of spinescent leaves. 46. Munroa. Stigmas plumose, sessile or on short styles. Flowering glumes 1-3-nerved. Lateral nerves of the flowering glumes hairy. Flowering glumes deeply 2-lobed. Internodes of the rachilla long, often half as long as the flowering glume ; plants without stolons. 47. Tkiplasis. Internodes of the rachilla short, many times shorter than the glumes ; plants with long, arching stolons. 48. Dasyochloa. Flowering glume entire or slightly 2-lobed ; internodes of the rachilla short. Inflorescence a short congested raceme ; leaf-blades with thick car- tilaginous margins. 49. Erioneuron. Inflorescence a panicle ; leaf-blades not with cartilaginous margins. Panicle simple or compound ; the spikelets on pedicels of varying length. 50. Tridens. Panicles composed of long branches, along which the appressed spikelets are arranged on short pedicels. 51. Diplachle. Lateral nerves of the flowering glumes glabrous. Callus of the flowering glumes copiously pubescent with long hairs ; panicle open. 52. Redfieldia. Callus of the flowering glumes glabrous. Second empty glume similar to the first or nearly so. Panicle narrow, dense and spike-like, shining ; its branches erect. 53. Koeleria. Panicle open ; its branches spreading. Rachilla continuous (except in E. major) ; flowering glume de- ciduous ; palet persistent ; plants of dry soil. 54. Eragrostis. Rachilla articulated : flowering glumes and palet both deciduous with the rachilla-intcrnodes ; water plants with 2-flowered spikelets. 55. Catabrosa. Second empty glume very unlike the first one, broad at the summit. 56. Eatonia. Flowering glumes s-many-nerved. Spikelets with two or more of the upper glumes empty, broad and enfold- ing each other. 57. Melica. Spikelets with upper glumes flower-bearing or narrow and abortive. Stigmas placed at or near the apex of the ovary. Spikelets borne in one-sided fascicles which are arranged in a glom- erate or interrupted panicle ; flowering glumes herbaceous. 58. Dactylis. POACEAE. 19 Spikelets borne in panicles of racemes. Glumes more or less compressed and keeled. Spikelets cordate, large. 59. Briza. Spikelets not cordate. Plants dioecious ; flowering glume of the pistillate spikelets coriaceous ; palet strongly 2-keeled and serrate on the margin. 60. Disticiilis. Plants with perfect flowers or in some species of Poa dioe- cious ; spikelets all alike ; flowering glume thin ; palet ciliate or smooth on the margin Flowering glumes scarious-margined ; rachis glabrous or with webby hairs. 61. Poa. Flowering glumes membranous, not scarious-margined ; rachis with stiff hairs, extending into a hairy appendage. 34. Graphephorum. Glumes rounded on the back, at least below. Flowering glumes obtuse or acutish and scarious at the apex, usually toothed. Flowering glumes distinctly 5-7-nerved ; style present. 62. Panicularia. Flowering glumes obscurely 5-nerved ; style none. 63. PUCCINELLIA. Flowering glumes acute, pointed or more commonly awned at the apex. 64. Festuca. Stigmas plainly arising below the apex of the ovary which is tipped by a hairy cushion. 65. Bromus. Tribe 10. HORDEAE. Spikelets usually single at the nodes of the rachis. Empty scales broad, with their sides turned towards the rachis. 66. Agropyron. Empty glumes with their back turned to the rachis. 70. Lolium. Spikelets 2-6 at each joint of the rachis, or if solitary the empty glumes arranged obliquely to the rachis. Spikelets i-flowered or with a rudimentary second flower. 67. Hordeum. Spikelets 2-many-flowered. Rachis of the spikes articulated, readily breaking up into joints. 68. SiTANION. Rachis of the spikes continuous, not breaking up into joints. 69. Elymus. Tribe I. ANDROPOGONEAE. I. SCHIZACHYRIUM Nees. Bunch-grass, Broom-grass. I. Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash. {Andopogon scoparium Michx.) On sandy or dry gravelly hills from N. B. to Sask., Fla. and Tex. — Alt. 4000-7500 ft. — Near Boulder; Cheyenne Mountain; Engelmann Canon; New Windsor, Weld Co.; Royal Gorge; La Porte, Tobe Miller's ranch; Poudre Caiion ; Ft. Collins. 2. AMPHILOPHIS Nash. I. Amphilophis Torreyanus (Steud.) Nash. (Andropogon saccharoides of Coult. Man. ; not Sw.) In dry soil from Mo. to Colo., Tex. and Ariz. ; also in Mex. — Alt. 4000-5500 ft. — Caiion City. 20 POACEAE. 3. ANDROPOGON L. Beard-grass, Blue-stem. Fourth glume of the sessile spikelet with a long geniculate awn, more or less spiral at the base. Outer two glumes of the sessile spikelet more or less hispidulous all over ; hairs on the rachis-internodes usually 2 mm. or less long. i. A. furcatus. Outer two glumes of the sessile spikelet smooth or nearly so, except on the nerves : hairs of the rachis-internodes 3-4 mm. long. 2. A. chrysocomus. Fourth glume of the sessile spikelet awnless or with a short, straight, untwisted awn. 3. A. Hallii. 1. Andropogon furcatus Muhl. In meadows from Me. to Sask., Fla. and Tex. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Near Boulder; La Veta; Golden; West Dry Creek, Larimer Co.; Manitou ; Colorado Springs; Tobe Miller's ranch, near La Porte; Ft. Collins. 2. Andropogon chrysocomus Nash. Tn dry meadows from Neb. to Colo., Kans. and Tex. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — La Veta ; on the plains. 3. Andropogon Hallii Hack. In sandy soil from Neb. to Mont., Kans. and Mex. — Exact locality not given. 4. SORGHASTRUM Nash. Indian Grass. I. Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash. {Chrysopogon nutans Benth.) In dry soil from Ont. to Man., Fla. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Near Boulder; New Windsor, Weld Co.; Cafion City; Tobe Miller's ranch, near La Porte; Ft. Collins. 5. SORGHUM Pers. Johnson Grass, Sugar Corn. I. Sorghum halapense (L.) Pers. Cultivated for fodder and occasionally escaped. — Rocky Ford. Tribe 2. ZOYSIEAE. 6. HILARIA H. B. K. Mesquite, Black Grama. Outer glumes of the spikelets cuneate, awnless ; the nerves strongly diverging. I. H. mutica. Outer glumes linear or oblong, awned ; the nerves parallel. 2. H. Jamesii. 1. Hilaria mutica (Buckl.) Benth. On dry plains from southern Colo, to Tex. and Ariz. — Reported from Colorado, but doubtful. 2. Hilaria Jamesii (Toi'^.) Benth. Hillsides and gulches of the mesas from Wyo. to Nev., Tex. and N. Mex. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Deer Run; mesas near Pueblo; Arboles; Mancos; Hotchkiss, Delta Co. Tribe 3. PANICEAE. 7. SYNTHERISMA Walt. Crab-grass. Pedicels terete or nearly so, sparingly if at all hispidulous ; lower sheath glabrous. 1. S. humifusum. Pedicels sharply 3-angled ; the angles strongly hispidulous ; as are also the sheaths. 2. S. sanguinale. POACEAE. 21 1. Syntherisma humifusum (Pers.) Rydb. On roadsides, in old fields and waste places, introduced from the Old World and established from N. S. to Mont, and Colo, and Fla. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Georgetown; Ft. Collins. 2. Syntherisma sanguinale (L.) Dulac. (Panicum sanguinale L.) In lawns, cultivated ground and waste places; introduced from the Old World and established from Mass. to Neb., Fla. and Calif. — Alt. about 5000 ft. — Boulder; Canon City; Ft. Collins. 8. TRICHACHNE Nees. I. Trichachne saccharatum (Buckley) Nash. On dry hillsides from Colo, to western Tex., Ariz, and Mex. — Alt. up to 8500 ft. — Canon City; Fremont Co. 9. PANICUM L. Panic-gr.^ss, Witch-grass, Switch-grass, Millet. Basal leaf-blades long and narrow ; spikelets lanceolate to ovate, acute to acu- minate. Annual. i. P. capillare. Perennial with long, scaly root-stock. 2. P. virgatum. Basal leaf-blades ovate to lanceolate ; spikelets elliptic to ovate or obovate, obtuse. Spikelets less than 2 mm. long. 3. P. unciphyllum. Spikelets more than 2 mm. long. 4. P. Scribnerianum. 1. Panicum capillare L. In sandy soil and waste places from S. Dak. to B. C, N. M. and Calif.— Alt. 4000-9500 ft.— Black Canon; Ft. Collins; Pike's Peak; Grand Junction; near Boulder; Cafion City; Colorado Springs; Graymont. 2. Panicum virgatum L. In meadows and on river-banks from Me. to Ass., Fla. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-7500 ft. — Ft. Collins; Golden; Trimble Springs; New Windsor, Weld Co. ; near Boulder ; La Veta ; Tobe Miller's ranch. 3. Panicum unciphyllum Trin. (P. pubcsccns and P. dichotomum of Coult. Man.) In dry or sandy soil from Me. to B. C, Ga. and Ariz. — Exact local- ity not given. 4. Panicum Scribnerianum Nash. (P. scoparium of Coult. Man.; not Lam.) In meadows from Me. to B. C, Va., Ariz, and Ore. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Palmer Lake; Brantly Caiion, Las Animas Co.; Boulder. 10. ECHINOCHLOA Beauv. Barnyard-grass, Cockspur-grass. I. Echinochloa Crus-galli (L.) Beauv. (Panicum Crus-gaUi L.) In sandy or alkaline soil, waste places and old fields. — Alt. 4000-5500 ft. — Golden; Grand Junction ; Dry Creek, Larimer Co. ; Caiion City. Echinochloa Crus-galli mutica is a variety with short awn. — Golden; Tobe Miller's ranch, near La Porte; Ft. Collins. II. CHAETOCHLOA Scribn. Fox-tail Grass, Italian Millet, Hungarian Grass. Inflorescence with the spikelets racemosely arranged; bristles 5-16 at the base of each spikelet, involucrate, tawny-orange. i. C. glauca. Inflorescence with the spikelets in clusters or on branches ; bristles 1-3 at the base of each spikelet, not involucrate. 22 POACKAK. Second glume of the spikelet as long as the flowering glume or very nearly so ; annuals. Panicle usually i cm. thick or less ; bristles commonly green ; spikclets about 2 mm. long. :;. C. viridis. Panicle usually 1-3 cm. thick ; bristles usually purple ; spikelets 2.5-3 rn^n- long. 3. C. italica. Second glume manifestly shorter than tlie flowering glume; perennial. 4. C. composita. 1. Chaetochloa glauca (L.) Scribn. {Sctaria glauca Beauv.) Yellow Fox-tail. In waste places and cultivated grounds from Vt. to Man., Fla. and Tex. — Alt. up to 5000 ft. — Ft. Collins. 2. Chaetochloa viridis (L.) Scribn. (Sctaria viridis Beauv.) Green Fox- tail. In cultivated ground and waste places from Me. to Wash., Fla. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft.— Near Boulder; Idaho Springs; Ft. Collins; Granada. 3. Chaetochloa italica (L.) Scribn. {Setaria italica Kunth.) Italian Millet, Hungarian Grass. Cultivated and escaped in fields and waste places from Que. to Minn., Fla. and Colo. — Grass station, Ft. Collins. 4. Chaetochloa composita (H. B. K.) Scribn. In dry soil from Tex. to Colo, and Ariz. ; also in Mex. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Canon City. 12. CENCHRUS L. Sand-Bur, Sand-Spur, Cock-Spur, Bur-Grass. I. Cenchnis tribuloides L. In sandy soil from Me. to Minn., Fla. and Tex. — Alt. 4000-6500 ft. — Near Boulder; Ft. Collins; Caiion City; Colorado Springs. Tribe 4. ORYZEAE. 13. HOMALOCENCHRUS Mieg. Rice Cut-Grass, Catch-fly Grass. I. Homalocenchrus oryzoides (L.) Poll. In wet places and swamps from N. Sc. to Wash., Fla. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-5500 ft. — New Windsor, Weld Co.; Cafion City; river-flats east of Ft. Collins. Tribe 5. PHALARIEAE. 14. PHALARIS L. Canary-grass. Outer glumes not winged; inflorescence a narrow panicle. i. P. arundinacea. Outer glumes winged ; inflorescence a spike or spike-like panicle. Spikelets narrow ; third and fourth glumes much reduced ; blade subulate, hairy. 2. P. caroliniana. Spikelets broad, third and fourth glumes thin, membranous ; blade lanceolate, glabrous or sparingly hairy. 3. P. canariensis. 1. Phalaris arundinacea L. In swamp and wet meadows from N. Sc. to B. C, N. J. and Nev. Also in Europe and Asia. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — George- town ; Gunnison; New Windsor, Weld Co.; Fort Collins; Hamor's Lake; Table Rock. 2. Phalaris caroliniana Walt. In wet soil from S. C. to Calif., Fla. and Mex. — Brantly Canon, Las Animas Co. POACEAE. 23 3. Phalaris canariensis L. Introduced from Europe and Africa; in waste places from N. S. to S. D., Va. and Colo. — Alt. up to 8500 ft. — Gunnison; Colorado Springs. 15. SAVASTANA. Holy Grass, Vanilla Grass. I. Savastana odorata (L.) Scribn. {Hierochloe borealis R. & S.) Among bushes and on banks from Lab. to Alaska, N. J. and Ariz. — Alt. 6500-8500 ft. — Stove Prairie, Larimer Co. ; West Cliff ; South Park ; along the Cone- jos River, north of Antonito. Tribe 6. AGROSTIDEAE. 16. ARISTIDA L. Poverty Grass, Wire Grass. Spikelets crowded, 4-6 on the short panicle-branches, which are spikelet-bearing to the base or nearly so. i. A. fasciculata. Spikelets not crowded, usually 1-3, or if more the branches of the panicle or their divisions with a long, naked base Second glume of the spikelet 1.5 cm. long or less, usually equalling or slightly exceeding the flowering glume. 2. A. Fendleriana. Second glume of the spikelet 2 cm. long, from more than Yi longer than to nearly twice as long as the flowering glume. 3. A. longiseta. 1. Aristida fasciculata Torn In dry soil from Kans. to Calif, and Tex. ; also in Mex. — Alt. up to 5500 ft. — Cafion City. 2. Aristida Fendleriana Steud. {A. purpurea Coult. ; not Nutt.) In dry sandy soil from S. D. to Mont., Tex. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-8500 ft. — Los Pinos ; Buena Vista ; South Park ; Salida, Chaffee Co. 3. Aristida longiseta Steud. In dry soil from 111. to S. D., Wash., Tex. and Mex. — Alt. 4000-8500 ft. — Near Boulder; Trail Glen; New Windsor, Weld Co. ; mountains between Sunshine and Ward ; Arboles ; Durango ; Ft. Col- lins; Colorado Springs; Cucharas Valley; Denver; Pueblo; foot-hills, Lari- mer Co. ; Palisades ; Canon Cit}'. 17. STIPA L. Porcupine-grass, Oat-grass, Wild Oats. Outer glumes of the spikelet 2 cm. long or more. Awn plumose. i. S. neo-mexicana. Awn not plumose. Base of panicle usually included in upper sheaths; flowering scale 8-12 mm. long ; awn slender and curled above. 2. S. comata. Base of panicle exserted ; flowering scale over 12 mm. long; awn straight above or nearly so. Flowering scales 12-15 nim. long. 3. 5". Tweedyi. Flowering scales 20-25 nim. long. 4. i". spartea. Outer glumes of the spikelets 1.5 cm. long or less. Panicle loose and open. Awn plumose ; panicle-branches ascending. 5. 5". Porteri. Awn not plumose ; panicle-branches diverging or reflexed at maturity. 6. 5". Richardsonii. Panicle dense and spike-like. Empty glumes scarious or hyaline, the nerves hence prominent. Flowering glumes about 5 mm. long, long-hairy towards the apex. 12. S. Lettermannii. 24 POACEAE. Flowering glumes over 5 nun. long, equally hairy throughout. Flowering glumes 5-6 mm. long, spindle-shaped when mature ; callus short. 7- S. viridula. Flowering glumes 6-7 mm. long, almost cylindric ; callus long and pointed. 8. S. Nelsonii. Empty glumes firm, thickish, membranous or herbaceous ; nerves not promi- nent. Flowering glumes 4-5 mm. long ;* leaf-blades very narrow, involute. 9. S. minor. Flowering glumes 8-10 mm. long; leaf-blades broad. Panicle slender; stem low and slender. 10. 5". Scribneri. Panicle stout and dense; stem tall and stout. 11. 5. Vaseyi. 1. Stipa neo-mexicana (Thurb.) Scribn. Dry hills from Colo, to N. Mex. and Calif. — Alt. up to 6000 ft. — Colorado Springs. 2. Stipa comata Trin. & Rupr. On dry plains and hills, especially in sandy soil, from Alb. to Alaska, N. Mex. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-8500 ft— Along the Platte River, Denver; New Windsor, Weld Co.; Mancos ; Almeha; Ft. Col- lins ; mesas opposite Grand Junction ; Rist Canon ; near Narrows along Pou- dre River. 3. Stipa Tweedyi Scribn. Plains and valleys from Alb. to Wash., Colo, and Ariz. — Alt. 5000-10,000 ft. — Ft. Collins ; near Badito, between La Veta and Gardner; Walsenburg; Arboles; Grayback mining camps; Black Cation of the Gunnison; Chester, Saguache Co.; Durango; Mancos; North Park; Gypsum ; Rist Canon. 4. Stipa spartea Trin. On prairies from Man. to B. C, Ills, and Colo. — Reported from Colorado Springs {Porter) ; South Park {Canby, Mchan) ; but doubtful. 5. Stipa Porteri Rydb. {S. Mongolica Porter & Coult. ; not Turcz.) Mountains of Colo. — Twin Lakes. 6. Stipa Richardsonii Link. In meadow lands and hillsides from Alb. to Mont., S. D. and Colo. — Mountains west of Laramie River, Larimer Co. 7. Stipa viridula Trin. {S. parviAora Americana Schultes) Dry prairies and hills from Sask. to Mont., Kans. and Utah. — Alt. 4000-8500 ft. — Gato; Columbine; plains, Larimer Co.; Rist Canon. 8. Stipa Nelsonii Scribner. Dry plains and hills from Ass. to Ida. and Colo. — Alt. 7500-10,000 ft. — Near Boulder; hills about Box Cation, west of Ouray; Cerro Summit; Idaho Springs; Poncha Pass; Georgetown; Durango; West Mancos Caiion ; Rist Canon ; Poudre Cafion. 9. Stipa minor (Vasey) Scribn. (5". viridula minor Vasey) Dry hill- sides and mountain valleys from Mont, to Utah and N. M. — Alt. 8000-12,500 ft. — North Park; Twin Lakes; Marshall Pass; Roger's; Cumbres; Colorado Springs ; Robinson, Summit Co. ; Long Gulch ; near Chamber's Lake ; Ute Pass road ; along the Michigan, North Park ; Anita Peak, Routt Co. 10. Stipa Scribneri Vasey. On foot-hills and mountain-sides of Colo, and N. M. — Alt. 5000-9500 ft. — Plains and foot-hills near Boulder; Trail Glen; Clear Creek Canon, Golden ; near Empire ; Royal Gorge ; Georgetown. 11. Stipa Vaseyi Scribn. {S. viridula robusta Vasey.) On foot-hills and mountain-sides from Colo, to Ida., Tex. and N. M. ; also in Mex. — Alt. 5000- 9000 ft. — Colorado Springs ; New Windsor, Weld Co. ; Idaho Springs ; foot- POACEAE. 25 hills, Larimer Co.; Pagosa Springs; Manitou; Twin Lakes; Hardin's ranch; Soldier Canon; gulch west of Soldier Canon; hills west of Dixon Canon. 12. Stipa Lettermannii Vasey. Hills and plains from Wyo. and Ida. to Colo, and Utah. — Manitou. i8. ORYZOPSIS Michx. Mountain Rice. Spikelets, exclusive of awn, 2.5-4 mm. long ; leaves very slender and involute. Outer glumes 3-5 mm. long ; inflorescence very narrow with short, erect branches. ' i. 0. exigua. Outer glumes 2.5 mm. long; inflorescence at length open with long, often spreading or reflexed branches. 2. O. micrantha. Spikelets, exclusive of the awn, 6-8 mm. long ; leaves broad and often flat. 3. O. asperifolia. 1. Oryzopsis exigua Thurber. On hillsides from Mont, to Wash., Colo, and Ore. — Alt. about 8500 ft. — Pearl. 2. Oryzopsis micrantha (Trin. & Rup.) Thurber. On hillsides and among bushes, from Ass. to Mont., Neb., N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-8500 ft. — Estes Park; near Badito, between La Veta and Gardner; Georgetown; Arboles; Idaho Springs; Durango; Glen Eyrie; Walsenburg; Roaring Fork, Larimer Co. 3. Oryzopsis asperifolia Michx. In woods from N. Sc. to B. C, Pa. and N. M.— Alt. up to 9000 ft.— Veta Pass. 19. ERIOCOMA Nutt. Panicle open, dichotomously branched with divergent branches, i. O. cuspidata. Panicle narrow, with few spikelets on short, erect branches. 2. O. Webberi. 1. Eriocoma cuspidata Nutt. {Oryzopsis cuspidata Benth.) On dry bar- ren plains, caiions and sand-hills from Sask. to Wash., Tex. and Calif. ; also Mex. — Alt. 4000-9500 ft. — Grand Junction; Black Cafion; Buena Vista; New Windsor, Weld Co. ; Arboles ; Pueblo ; Fort Collins ; Mancos ; along Platte River, Denver; Sangre de Cristo Creek; river bluffs north of La Veta; Wal- senburg; Howe's Gulch; Cherokee Hill; hills about Trinidad; Dixon Caiion; near Fork's Hotel, Manitou ; Middle Park. 2. Eriocoma Webberi Thurber. On desert lands from western Colo, to Nev. and Calif. — Alt. up to 5500 ft. — Grand Junction. 20. MUHLENBERGIA Schreb. Panicle contracted, narrow, spike-like, the short branches rarely spreading. Empty glumes awl-shaped ; leafy and branched plants, with long root-stocks covered by imbricated scales. Flowering glumes not awned, basal hairs not equalling the flowering glume. Empty glumes about equalling the flowering glume in length, sharp-pointed, about 3 mm. long. i. M. mexicana. Empty glumes exceeding the flowering glume, generally twice as long, awned, about 5 mm. long. 2. M. racemosa. Flowering glumes distinctly awned ; basal hairs equalling the flowering glume. 3. M. comata. Empty glumes lanceolate to ovate ; plants mostly tufted and leafy at the base, only in M. Richardsonis with an elongated, scaly root-stock. 26 POACEAE. Second glume not toothed or slightly so ; flowering glume awnless or rarely very short-awned. Empty glumes more than half as long as the flowering glume, acuminate. Flowering glumes scabrous, green or dark. Panicle dense, obtuse, 5-10 mm. wide. 4. M. IVrightii. Panicle slender and lax, attenuate at the apex, less than 5 mm. wide. 5. M. cuspidala. Flowering glumes more or less purplish, sparingly long-hairy. 6. M. Thurberi. Empty glumes less than half as^ long as the flowering glume, obtuse or abruptly acute. Spikelets (excluding the awn if present) 1.5 mm. or more long. Plant with a strong perennial, scaly root-stock. 7. M. Ricliardsonis. Plant annual ; root-stock, if any, very slender. Flowering glumes merely awn-pointed, decidedly purplish ; plant 1-2 dm. high. Spikelets 2 mm. long or more ; inflorescence short and rather dense ; stem 0.5-1 mm. thick. 8. M. simplex. Spikelets about 1.5 mm. long; inflorescence slender and lax; stem very slender, filiform. 9. M. Hliformis. Flowering glumes with a distinct awn Y2-1 mm. long, greenish ; plant 4-6 cm. high. 10. M. aristala. Spikelets about i mm. long ; plant less than 4 cm. high, annual. 11. M. JVolfii. Second glume sharply 3-s-toothed ; flowering glume long-awned ; awn at least yi as long as the glume. Stem 3-6 dm. high, leafy; panicle 7-12 cm. long; awn 8-15 mm. long. 12. M. gracilis. Stem 1-3 high, almost naked above; panicle 5-7 cm. long; awn 1-4 mm. long. Spikelets 3-4 mm. long ; awn 2-4 mm. ; leaves usually stiflF. 13. M. subalpina. Spikelets about 2 mm. long ; awn 1-2 mm. ; leaves filiform. 14. M. filiculmis. Panicle open, its branches long and spreading. Plants densely cespitose, branched only at the base. Secondary branches of the panicle single ; basal leaves short, strongly re- curved. 15. M. gracilli)na. Secondary branches of the panicle fascicled ; basal leaves not recurved. 16. M. pungens. Plants diflusely branched, prostrate. i7- M. Porteri. 1. Muhlenbergia mexicana (L.) Trin. In wet meadows and swamps from N. B. to N. D., N. C and Colo.— Alt. 4000-6500 ft.— New Windsor, Weld Co.; Rocky Ford; Fort Collins; gulch west of Soldier Cafion; Tobe Mil- ler's ranch, near La Porte. 2. Muhlenbergia racemosa (Michx.) B. S. P. (Af. glomerata Trin.) In wet meadows from Newf. to B. C, N. J., N. M. and Ore. — Alt. 4000-10,000 ft. — Colorado Springs; Cheyenne Mountain; Engelmann Cation; vicinity of Ouray; New Windsor, Weld Co.; Estes Park, Larimer Co.; Fort Collins; Black Cafion ; Deer Run ; Manitou ; Middle Park. 3. Muhlenbergia comata (Thurb.) Benth. In wet soil, especially in sand from Mont, to Wash., Kans. and Calif. — Alt. 6500-10,000 ft. — Mountains near Pagosa Peak ; Gunnison ; Carlton Lake, Grand Co. ; Georgetown ; Gypsum Creek Caiion, Eagle Co. ; Twin Lakes ; Hinsdale Co. ; Empire. 4. Muhlenbergia Wrightii Vasey. In wet places in the mountains of Colo., POACEAE. 2/ N. M., Ariz, and Mex. — Alt. about 7500 ft. — Mountains, Larimer Co.; La- Veta. 5. Muhlenbergia cuspidata (Torr.) Rydb. (Vilfa cuspidata Torn; Sporo- bolus cuspidatus Woods) On dry plains from Man. to Alb., Mo. and Colo. — Exact locality not given. 6. Muhlenbergia Thurberi Rydb. {Vilfa Uliculmis Thurber; Sporobolns filiculmis Vasey; not Dewey) Canons and dry plains from Colo, to W. Tex. and N. M. — Alt. up to 9500 ft. — Canons west of Ouray. 7. Muhlenbergia Richardsonis (Trin.) Rydb. (Vilfa Richardsonis Trin. ; Sporobolus depauperatus Coulter in part) On prairies and in meadows from Anticosti to B. C, N. M. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Arboles; George- town; Durango; Mancos; Gunnison; Elk River, Routt Co.; Grizzly Creek; West Mancos Canon ; North Park ; Mountain View, Pike's Peak ; Twin Lakes; Colorado Springs; South Park; Alamosa; Como. 8. Muhlenbergia simplex (Scribn.) Rydb. (Sporobolus simplex Scribn.) In meadows and along brooks from Nebr. to Wyo. and N. Mex. — Alt. 8000- 10,000 ft. — Georgetown ; mountains between Sunshine and Ward ; Twin Lakes; southeast of Jefferson, South Park; Crystal Park. 9. Muhlenbergia filiformis (Thurber) Rydb. (Vilfa depauperate filifortnis Thurber) In wet places from Wyo. and Ore. to Colo, and Calif. — Steam- boat Springs, Routt Co. 10. Muhlenbergia aristata Rydb. (Sporobolus aristatus Rydb.) Perhaps only a variety of the preceding. In wet places from Wyo. to Utah and Colo. — Alt. about 8500 ft. — Columbine. 11. Muhlenbergia Wolfii (Vasey) Rydb. (Sporobolus Wolfii Vasey) On wet shores in the mountains of Colo. — Alt. 9000-10,000 ft. — South Park; Twin Lakes ; Halfway House. 12. Muhlenbergia gracilis Trin. On gravelly or sandy soil in the moun- tains from Tex. to Colo, and Calif.; also Mexico. — Alt. 5000-10,000 ft— Monument Park; Georgetown; Twin Lakes; Ruxton Dell; caiion northeast side of Cheyenne Mountain ; vicinity of Boulder ; Como ; Home ; Buena Vista ; Jefferson, South Park; Manitou; Colorado Springs; Cheyenne Cafion; Clear Creek; Georgetown; Bosworth's ranch. Stove Prairie; gulch west of Sol- dier Canon; southeast of Jefferson, South Park; Middle Park; Ute Pass; Empire. 13. Muhlenbergia subalpina Vasey. (M. gracilis breviaristata Vasey) On dry hills from Wyo. to N. M.— Alt. about 10,000 ft.— Estes Park, Larimer Co. ; Beaver Park ; Twin Lakes ; Ute Pass ; Como. 14. Muhlenbergia filiculmis Vasey. Perhaps only a depauperate alpine form of the preceding. Mountains of Colo. — Alt. 8500 ft. — Green Mountain Falls; Como. 15. Muhlenbergia gracillima Torr. On plains and foot-hills and in caiions from Kans. to Colo., Tex. and N. M.— Alt. 4000-10,000 ft— Huerfano ; Mani- tou; Fort Collins; along the Platte River, near Denver; Colorado Springs; Twin Lakes ; Timnath ; near Owl Caiion. 16. Muhlenbergia pungens Thurb. Blow-out Grass. On sand-hills and "bad-lands" from Neb. to Utah.— Alt 4000-10,000 ft.— Twin Lakes; Ster- ling, Logan Co. 28 POACF.AE. 17. Muhlenbergia Porteri Scribn. (M. Tcxaua Thurb. ; not Biickl.) On hills and plains from 'Jcx. to Colo, and Calif.; also Mex. — Alt. about 6500 ft. — Caiion City. 21. LYCURUS H. B. K. I. Lycurus pheoides II. B. K. On dry hillsides from Tex. to Colo, and Ariz.; also Mex. — Alt. 6000-7500 ft. — Garden of the Gods; Meadow Park; gulch west of Soldier Canon. 22. PHLEUM L. Timothy. Spikes usually elongated-cylindric ; awns less than ^ the length of the outer glumes. I. P. pratense. Spikes short, ovoid or oblong ; awn about yi the length of the outer glume. 2. P. alpinum. 1. Phleum pratense L. In meadows and waste places, escaped from culti- vation from N. Sc. to B. C, Fla. and Calif. — Alt. up to 11,000 ft. — Pagosa Springs ; Alpine Tunnel ; Ruxton Park ; Mancos. 2. Phleum alpinum L. In mountain meadows from Lab. to Alaska, N. H. and Calif. ; also in northern Europe and Asia. — Alt. 8500-12,000 ft. — Near Pagosa Peak; Dead Lake; Ruxton Park; mountains west of Cameron Pass; Chamber's Lake; LaPlata; Georgetown; Seven Lakes; West Indian Creek; Lake City ; Robinson, Summit Co. ; Gray's Peak ; Beaver Creek ; Boreas ; Hematite; Pike's Peak. 23. ALOPECURUS L. Foxtail. Spike elongated-cylindric, 3-7 cm. long ; 4-6 mm. in diameter. I. A. aristulatus. Spike oblong, 2-4 cm. long; 9-12 mm. in diameter. 2. A. occidenialis. 1. Alopecurus aristulatus Michx. In wet meadows from Me. to Alaska, Pa. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-11,500 ft. — Wahatoya Creek; Colorado Springs; Arboles; Laramie River, Larimer Co.; Grizzly Creek; Mancos; Dead Lake; vicinity of Boulder ; Manitou ; Twin Lakes ; South Park ; Tobe Miller's ranch, near La Porte; Quimby; Barne's Camp; Spring Canon; Soda Creek; Poudre Canon; Hotchkiss; Table Rock; Fossil Creek; along Purgatory River, near Trinidad. 2. Alopecurus occidentalis Scribn. {A. alpinus of Coult. Man.; not L.) In wet meadows from Alb. to B. C, Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 8500-11,000 ft. — Cameron Pass; Marshall Pass. 24. PHIPPSIA R. Br. 1. Phippsia algida R. Br. In arctic-alpine localities from Greenl. to Alaska; also in Colo., arctic Europe and Asia. — Chicago Lake, near Georgetown. 25. BLEPHARINEURON Nash. I. Blepharineuron tricholepis (Torr.)- Nash. (Sporobolus tricholepis Torn) jNIountain valleys from Colo, to Utah, Tex. and Ariz.; also Mex. — POACEAE. 29 Alt. 6000-12,000 ft. — Near Pagosa Peak; Ruxton Park; Mount Ouray; Mon- tezuma; Ruxton Dell; Ribbon Lake; South Park; Colorado Springs; Minne- haha; Hinsdale Co.; Middle Park; southeast of Jefferson, South Park; Pagosa Peak. 26. SPOROBOLUS R. Br. Dropseed, Poverty-grass, Wire-grass. Perennials. First glume one-half as long as the second or less ; plant not with long, scaly root-stocks. Branches of the panicle verticillate. i. 6". argutus. Branches of the panicle scattered. Spikelets about 2 mm. long ; first glume lanceolate. Sheath naked or sparingly ciliate at the throat ; empty glumes glabrous. 2. S. airoides. Sheath with a conspicuous tuft of hairs at the throat ; empty glumes scabrous on the keel. Leaf-blades 6 cm. long or less, widely spreading, involute ; sheath pubescent with long hairs, at least towards the base. 3. S. Nealeyi. Leaf-blades not widely spreading ; sheaths glabrous, except the apex, and slightly on the margins. Panicle usually more or less included in the sheaths ; its lower branches much exceeding the upper ones. 4. 5. cryptandrus. Panicle always exserted, oblong, comparatively narrow ; its lower branches but little, if any, exceeding the upper ones. 5. 5'. Hexttosus. Spikelets 4.5-5 mm. long ; first glume subulate, usually awned. 6. S. heterolepis. First glume almost equalling the second ; plants with long, scaly root-stocks. 7. 5". asperifolius. Annuals ; empty glumes almost equal, ovate. 8. 5". confusus. 1. Sporobolus argutus (Nees) Kunth. On the plains from Kan. to Colo., Tex. and Mex. ; also West Indies. — Exact locality not given {Vasey). 2. Sporobolus airoides Torn Dry prairies and river-valleys from Neb. to Tex. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-11,000 ft. — Cation City; Marshall Pass; South Park ; Mancos ; Fort Collins ; Doyles ; Arboles ; Colorado Springs ; La Porte ; Palisade, Mesa Co. ; Grand Junction ; Alamosa ; Cottonwood Creek ; Gun- nison. 3. Sporobolus Nealleyi Vasey. In dry places from Tex. to Colo, and N. M. — Alt. about 7500 ft. — Vicinity of Alamosa. 4. Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) Gray. In sandy soil from Mass. to Wash., Pa., Tex., Ariz, and Ore. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Cafion City; Empire; Manitou; Denver; Deer Run; plains and foot-hills, near Boulder; Colorado Springs ; Fort Collins ; Salida, Chaffee Co. ; La Veta ; Georgetovi^n ; Spring Canon ; Poudre Canon ; gulch, west of Soldier Cafion. 5. Sporobolus flexuosus (Thurber) Rydb. {S. cryptandrus Hexnosus Thur- ber.) In sandy places from Tex. to Nev. and Mex. — Reported from Colo- rado, but doubtful. 6. Sporobolus heterolepis A. Gray. On dry prairies from Que. to Sask., Pa. and Colo. — Exact locality not given. 7. Sporobolus asperifolius (Nees & Mey.) Thurber. On dry prairies from Ass. to B. C, Mo., Tex. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-7500 ft. — Cottonwood Creek; 30 POACEAE. Saguache Creek; Fort Collins; Denver; Durango; vicinity of Boulder; Gun- nison; Cottoinvood Creek; Manitou; Grand Junction. 8. Sporobolus confusus Vasey. (S. ramulosus of Coult. Man.; not Kunth.) In wet, sandy places from Neb. to Mont., Tex. and Ariz. ; also in Mex. — Alt. 4000-8500 ft.— Colorado Springs; Saguache Creek; Cimarron; Minnehaha; Ouray; Gunnison; Piedra; Buena Vista; mountains of Larimer Co.; Twin Lakes; Alamosa; vicinity of Fort Collins; Table Rock. 27. POLYPOGON Desf. Be.\rd-grass. I. Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf. In waste places from N. H. to B. C, S. C. and Calif. — Alt. about 5000 ft. — Fort Collins; Poudre River. 28. CINNA L. Wood Reed-grass. I. Cinna latifolia (Trev.) Griseb. (C. pendula Trin.) In damp woods from Newf. to B. C, N. C. and Utah.— Alt. 4000-7500 ft. — Empire; Buffalo Pass road, Routt Co. ; Idaho Springs ; Salida. 29. AGROSTIS L. Red-top, Herd-grass, Tiorin, Bent-grass, Hair-grass, Tickle-grass. Palet conspicuous, at least one-third as long as the flowering glume. Panicle large; branches verticillate ; spikelets about 3 mm. long; stem 3-10 dm. high. i- ^- alba. Panicle small and narrow ; branches scattered or in pairs ; spikelets about 2 mm. long; stem 0.6-3 dm. high. 2. A. depressa. Palet minute or wanting. Branches of the contracted panicle short, at least some of them spikelet-bearing to the base. 3- A. asperifolia. Branches of the panicle more slender, naked below. Flowering glume awnless or short-awned ; the awn not exceeding the spike- let. Branches of the panicle filiform, branched far above the middle, at last divaricate or reflexed ; plant usually over 3 dm. high. 4. A. hiemalis. Branches short, 1-3 cm. long, ascending; plant 1-3 dm. high. 5. A. tenuiculmis. Flowering glume with a long, bent awn, which exceeds the spikelet by one- half. 6. A. canina L. 1. Agrostis alba L. In wet meadows from Newf. to B. C, Fla. and Calif.; native also of Europe and cultivated.— Alt. 4000-8500 ft.— Gunnison ; Golden; Fort Collins; Engelmann Canon; Georgetown; Ouray; Twin Lakes; Mani- tou ; gulch west of Soldier Cafion ; Baxter's ranch. 2. Agrostis depressa Vasey. In wet mountain meadows and along brooks from Wyo. to Utah and Colo.— Alt. 9000-11,000 ft.— Georgetown ; Beaver Creek. 3. Agrostis asperifolia Trin. {A. exarata Coulter, in part) In wet mead- ows from Man. to N. M. and Calif.— Alt. 4000-10,500 ft.— Beaver Creek; near Pagosa Peak; Arboles; along the Lower Cucharas River; Twin Lakes; Fort Collins; gulch west of Soldier Caiion. POACEAE. 31 4. Agrostis hiemalis (Walt.) B. S. P. (A. scabra Willd.) On prairies and hills, both in dry and wet soil, from Lab. to Alaska, Fla. and Calif. ; also in Mex. — Alt. 4000-11,000 ft. — ^Vicinity of Fort Collins; Baxter's ranch; Poudre Canon; Twin Lakes; Taylor River; about Ouray; Gunnison; North Cheyenne Canon; Ruxton Dell; Pagosa Springs; near Pagosa Peak; near Boulder ; mountains between Sunshine and Ward ; Cameron Pass ; Estes Park ; Grand Lake ; Hamor's Lake ; Grizzly Creek ; Georgetown ; mountains, Larimer Co.; Marshall Pass; Valley and Empire; Veta Pass; Salida; Twin Lakes ; South Park ; Com.o ; gulch west of Soldier Canon ; Little Beaver Creek; between Graymont and Silver Plume; Steamboat Springs; Rabbit- Ear Range. 5. Agrostis tenuiculmis Nash. (A. tennis Vasey) In mountain meadows from Mont, to Wash., Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 10,000-11,500 ft. — South Park; Mt. Elbert; Dead Lake; near Pagosa Peak; summit of North Park Range. Routt Co. 6. Agrostis canina L. Along mountain brooks from Newf. and Alaska to Pa., Colo, and Nev. — Alt. about 9000 ft. — Silver Plume. 30. CALAMAGROSTIS Adans. Reed-grass, Blue-joint. Awn strongly geniculate, exserted, longer than the empty glumes ; callus-hairs much shorter than the flowering glume ; panicle dense and spike-like. 1. C. purpurascens. Awn straight or nearly so, included ; callus-hairs not much shorter than the flower- ing glume (except in C. scopulorum). Panicle open, the lower branches wide-spreading and often drooping ; leaf- blades flat ; callus-hairs copious, almost equalling the glume. Spikelets 4-6 mm. long ; empty glumes narrow, sharply acuminate ; awn stout, attached below the middle, considerably exceeding the glume. 2. C. Langsdorffii. Spikelets 3-4 mm. long, awn attached near the middle, equalling or slightly exceeding the glume. 3. C. canadensis. Panicle more or less contracted, branches ascending. Leaf-blades flat or nearly so. Callus-hairs copious, ^3 as long as the flowering glume or longer. Plant cespitose ; empty glumes acute. 9. C. hyperborea elongata. Plant not cespitose ; empty glumes long-acuminate. 4. C. Scribneri. Callus-hairs sparse, J/2 as long as the glume. 5. C. scopulorum. Leaf-blades involute. Culm and the narrow leaf-blades soft, not rigid ; plant not cespitose. Spikelets 2.5-4 rni"- long ; empty glumes thin, sharp-acuminate. 6. C. neglecta. Spikelets 2 mm. long ; empty glumes thickish, barely acutish. 7. C. micrantha. Culm and the usually broader leaf-blades hard, more or less rigid. Plant not cespitose, tall ; panicle very long. 8. C. inexpansa. Plant strongly cespitose : panicle short and dense. 9. C. hyperborea. 1. Calamagrostis purpurascens R. Br. (Deyeuxia syhatica Vasey; not DC.) On dry, stony hills and alpine table-lands from Greenl. to Alaska, Colo, and Calif. — ^Alt. 6500-12,500 ft. — Silver Plume; mountains above Idaho Springs; mountains between Sunshine and Ward; South Park; Mt. Ouray; Mt. Garfield; Georgetown; Front Range, Larimer Co.; Webster; Pike's Peak; 32 POACEAE. Stove Prairie Hill, Larimer Co.; mountains of Estes Park; Buena Vista; Clear Creek; near Chambers' Lake; Como; above Beaver Creek; Happy Hollow; Devil's Causeway; Graymont. 2. Calamagrostis Langsdorfii (Link.) Trin. (D. LatigsdorMi Trin.) In wet meadows and open woods from Greenl. to Alaska, N. C. and Calif. — East of Laramie River, Larimer Co. 3. Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) Beauv. (D. Canadensis Munro.) In wet thickets and open woods; also in meadows from Lab. to B. C, N. C. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-11,000 ft. — Fremont Co.; Middle Park; near Pagosa Peak; Engelmann Canon; Red Mountain, south of Ouray; Alpine Tunnel; Georgetown; Rabbit-Ear Pass; mountains and caiions, west of Palmer Lake; Estes Park; vicinity of Pike's Peak; Gunnison; Buena Vista; Veta Pass; vicinity of Ft. Collins; Table Rock; Barnes' Camp; Elk Canon. C. canadensis acuminata Vasey is a variety approaching the preceding spe- cies, in having larger flowers and more acuminate glumes. It has the same range as the species. — Alt. 9000-10,000 ft. — Near Pagosa Peak; Anita Peak. 4. Calamagrostis Scribneri Beal. In open marshes and wet meadows from Alb. to B. C, Colo, and Wash. — Alt. about 9000 ft. — Near Pagosa Peak. 5. Calamagrostis scopulorum M. E. Jones. Among rocks in Utah and Colo. —Alt. about 9000 ft. — Near Pagosa Peak. 6. Calamagrostis neglecta (Ehrh.) Gaertn. In open meadows from Lab. to Alaska, Me. and Colo. — Alt. 8000-9000 ft. — Georgetown; Ironton Park; Twin Lakes. 7. Calamagrostis micrantha Kearney. In wet meadows from Ass. to Colo. — Alt. about 8500 ft. — Steamboat Springs. 8. Calamagrostis inexpansa A. Gray. In wet meadows and swamps from N. Y. to Ida., N. J. and Colo.— Alt. about 8000 ft.— Penn's Gulch. 9. Calamagrostis hyperborea Lange. (D. stricta Am. auth. in part.) On sandy shores and among rocks, from Greenl. to Alaska, Vt. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-8500 ft. — Clear Creek ; Hamor's Lake ; Georgetown ; Twin Lakes. The following varieties are recognized by Kearney : C. hyperborea stenodes Kearney, with narrow, strongly involute leaves, nar- row panicle and smaller (3-3.5 mm. long), less scabrous empty glumes. In swamps from Ass. to Mont, and Colo. — Alamosa; South Park. C. hyperborea elongata Kearney, with broader, often flattened, leaves and large, often interrupted, panicle. In wet meadows and swamps, especially in the plain regions, from Ont. to B. C, Colo, and Calif. — Veta Pass ; Penn's Gulch ; Gunnison ; Fort Garland. C. hyperborea americana (Vasey) Kearney, with shorter, merely acute, empty glumes and short dense inflorescence. In meadows and on prairies from Vt. to B. C, Colo, and Ore. — Breckenridge ; Durango. 31. CALAMOVILFA Hack. Reed-Grass, Sand-Grass. I. Calamovilfa longifolia (Hook) Hack. (^Calamagrostis longifolia Hook.) On sandy shores and sand-hills, from Ont. and Man. to Ind. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-5000 ft. — Tobe Miller's ranch, near La Porte; vicinity of Fort Collins. POACEAE. 33 Tribe 7. AVENEAE. 32. DESCHAMPSIA Beauv. Hairgrass. Empty glumes not extending beyond the apex of the upper flowering glume ; leaves narrow. Empty glumes 4-5 mm. long ; awn from half longer than to twice as long as the flowering glume. i. D. alpicola. Empty glumes 3-4 mm. long. Awn about half longer than the flowering glume ; leaves short, almost fili- form ; plant 2-3 dm. high. 2. D. curtifolia. Awn slightly if at all exceeding the flowering glume ; leaves long and firm ; plant usually 3-8 dm. high. 3. D. caespitosa. Empty glumes much exceeding the upper flowering glume ; leaves broad. 4. D. atropurpurea. 1. Deschampsia alpicola Rydb. {D. caespitosa alpina Vasey; not D. alpina R. & S.) In alpine meadows and on slopes, from Colo, to southern Wyo. and Utah ; a similar, if not identical, form in Alaska. — Alt. 9000-14,000 ft. — Bert- houd's Pass; Twin Lakes; Pike's Peak; Silver Plume; South Park; near Pagosa Peak; East River; Seven Lakes; Mt. Ouray; Georgetown; Cache la Poudre, Larimer Co. ; Tennessee Pass ; Dead Lake ; vicinity of Gray's Peak ; Clear Creek ; Cameron Pass ; Gray's Peak ; Ethel Peak, Larimer Co. 2. Deschampsia curtifolia Scribn. (£>. brachyphylla Nash, in part.) On wet alpine slopes from Mont, to Colo. — Alt. 11,000-12,000 ft. — Little Kate Mine, La Plata Mountains; crater of Mt. Richtofen. 3. Deschampsia caespitosa (L.) Beauv. In wet meadows and swamps from Newf. to Alaska, N. J. and Calif. — Alt. 7500-11,000 ft. — Twin Lakes; George- town ; Pagosa Springs ; Cache la Poudre, Larimer Co. ; Hamor's Lake ; North Park; Gunnison; Marshall Pass; Ruxton Park; Grizzly Creek; Steamboat Springs ; Silver Plume ; Pike's Peak ; Como ; North Park ; Deadman Canon ; near Chambers' Lake ; Fort Collins ; Barnes' Camp ; Ragged Mountains, Gun- nison Co. ; Hahn's Peak, Routt Co. ; summit of North Park Range, 4. Deschampsia atropurpurea (Wahl.) Scheele. In alpine and subarctic meadows from Lab. to Alaska, northern N. Y. and Calif. — Alt. about 10,000 ft. — Buffalo Pass, near Divide, Routt Co. 33. TRISETUM Pers. False Oats. Leaf-sheaths and blades long-hairy ; upper part at the stem densely pubescent. I. T. subspicatuni. Leaf-sheaths and blades glaborous or the lowest sheath short-pubescent, with reflexed hairs ; stem glabrous or slightly scabrous in the inflorescence. Inflorescence long, dense, cylindric ; lower empty glume only slightly narrower than the upper ; leaf-blades not much broader than the sheaths and without conspicuous auricles. 2. T. majns. Inflorescence lanceolate, open ; lower empty glume scarcely more than half as broad as the upper ; leaf-blades much broader than the sheaths and there- fore with conspicuous auricles at the base. 3. T. montanum. I. Trisetum subspicatum (L.) Beauv. (T. subspicatum molle Coult.) On mountains and hillsides from Greenl. to Alaska, N. H., Colo, and Calif. ; also in northern Europe. — Alt. 10,000-13,000 ft. — Twin Lakes; Valley Spur; Seven Lakes ; Georgetown ; Gray's Peak ; Cameron Pass ; Pike's Peak ; Dead 3 34 POACEAE. Lake; Windy Point; Ironton, San Juan Co.; Mt. Bartlett; Devil's Causeway; mountains above Grayniont; along the Michigan, North Park; Ethel Peak, Larimer Co. 2. Trisetum majus (Vasey) Rydb. (7'. sithspicatuiii major Vasey; T. sub- spicatum Coult.. mainly; not Bcauv. ) In meadows and on hillsides from Mont, to B. C, Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 8000-12,000 ft. — Below Berthoud's Pass; Middle Park; near Pagosa Peak; Mt. Baldy; Pike's Peak; Marshall Pass; Cumberland Mine; Ironton, San Juan Co.; Cameron Pass; Idaho Springs ; Georgetown ; Cache la Poudre, Larimer Co. ; Upper La Plata ; Seven Lakes; North Park; Trapper's Lake; near Chambers' Lake; along Michigan, North Park; Ute Pass. 3. Trisetum montanum Vasej'. In moist places, especially among bushes from southern Wj-o. to N. M. — Alt. 7500-10,000 ft. — Twin Lakes; near Pagosa Peaks; vicinity of Ouray; Minnehaha; Idaho Springs; Ruxton Creek; Villa Grove, Saguache Co. ; Beaver Creek ; Cameron Pass. 34. GRAPHEPHORUM Desv. Empty glumes equal or nearly so, 6-7 mm. long. i. G. muticum. Empty glumes unequal ; the lower 3-4 mm. long, the upper 4-5 mm. Inflorescence open ; culm minutely pubescent at the nodes ; rachilla short-hairy. 2. G. Shearii. Inflorescence narrow ; culm perfectly glabrous ; rachilla long-hairy. 3. S. Wolfii. 1. Graphephorum muticum (Boland.) Scribn. (G. mcUcoidcs Coult; not Beau v.) In wet meadows from Alb. to Wash., Colo, to Calif. — Alt. 9000- 10,500 ft. — Near Ironton, San Juan Co.; Marshall Pass; headwaters of Pass Creek ; Cumbres ; Barnes' Camp ; along Walton Creek ; Ute Pass road ; Cameron Pass. 2. Graphephorum Shearii (Scribn.) Rydb. (Trisetum argentcum Scribn.; not R. & S. ; T. Shearii Scribn.) Among rocks at an altitude of 9000 ft.^ Las Animas Canon, below Silverton. 3. Graphephorum Wolfii Vasey. {T. Wolfii Vasey.) In wet places in wil- low thickets. — Alt. about 10,500 ft. — Twin Lakes ; Cameron Pass. 35. AVENA L. Oats, Oat-grass. Empty glumes shorter than the flowering glumes ; panicle lax, narrow and some- what nodding; flowering glume hairy at the base. i. A. striata. Empty glumes longer than the flowering glumes. Panicle narrow and spike-like, strict; empty glumes 8-14 mm. long; flowering glumes hairy only at the base. Plant 1-1.5 dm. high; leaves strongly involute; callus of the flowering glume and prolongation of the rachilla long-hairy. 2. A. Mortoniana. Plant 2-4 dm. high ; leaves mostly flat ; callus and prolongation of the rachilla short-hairy. 3. A. americana. Panicle open ; empty glume over 2 cm. long ; flowering glumes often hairy up to the base of the awn. 4. A. fatua. I. Avena striata Michx. In woods from N. B. to B. C, Pa. and Colo. — Alt. 7000-11,000 ft. — Crystal Park; mountains, Larimer Co.; Little Kate Mine. La Plata Mountains; Pennock's mountain ranch. POACEAE. 35 2. Avena Mortoniana Scribn. On mountain tops of Colo. — Alt. 13,000- 14,000 ft. — Mountains near Silver Plume; Gray's Peak; Robinson, Summit Co. ; Cameron Pass ; Beaver Creek ; Mt. Garfield. 3. Avena americana Scribn. On ridges and hillsides from Sask. to Alb., S. D. and Colo. — Alt. about 10,000 ft. — Ruxton Dell. 4. Avena fatua L. Wild Oats. Naturalized from Europe and Asia, in grain fields from Minn, to B. C, Colo, and Calif. — Alt. about 5000 ft. — Fort Collins. 36. DANTHONIA DC. Wild Oat-grass. Flowering glume pubescent only on the margin and at the base. Spikelets on slender, spreading and somewhat drooping pedicels ; stem leafy throughout. i. D. calif ornica. Spikelet on short erect pedicels in a dense, spike-like inflorescence ; stem naked above. 2. D. intermedia. Flowering glumes hairy on the back as well as on the margins and base ; in- florescence spike-like, with short, erect branches. Empty glumes 15-20 mm. long. 3. D. Parryi. Empty glumes 10 mm. or less long. 4. D. spicata. 1. Danthonia californica Bolander. In wet meadows from Mont, to B. C, Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 5000-10,000 ft. — Steamboat Springs; along the Michi- gan, North Park; pasture, Walton Creek flats; Arapahoe Pass. 2. Danthonia intermedia Scribn. In meadows and on mountain slopes from Alb. to B. C, Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 9000-11,500 ft. — Silverton; Red Dirt Divide, Routt Co. ; Middle Park ; Dead Lake ; near Pagosa Peak ; Ruxton Dell; Rabbit-Ear Pass; Marshall Pass. 3. Danthonia Parryi Scribn. In mountain valleys from Alb. to N. M. — Alt. 8500-10,000 ft. — Twin Lakes; Empire City; South Park; Chicken Creek, west of Mt. Hesperus ; Bear Creek Canon ; Georgetown ; Ute Pass ; Ruxton Dell; Dillon. 4. Danthonia spicata (L.) Beauv. In dry soil from Newf. to B. C, N. C, La. and Colo. — Alt. about 6500 ft. — North Cheyenne Canon. Tribe 8. CHLORIDEAE. 37. SPARTINA Schreb. Marsh-grass, Cord-grass. First glume awn-pointed, equalling the third ; second glume long-awned. 1. .S". cynosuroides. First glume acute, shorter than the third ; second glume acute. 2. S. gracilis. 1. Spartina cynosuroides (L.) Willd. In swamps and streams from N. S. to Mackenzie River, N. J., Tex. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Near Boulder; Fort Collins ; Tobe Miller's ranch ; Poudre Caiion. 2. Spartina gracilis Trin. In saline or alkaline meadows from Sask. to B. C, Colo, and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-5500 ft.-— Grand Junction; Sagauche Creek; Caiion City. 38. BECKMANNLA Host. Slough-grass. I. Beckmannia erucaeformis (L.) Host. In swamps and wet meadows from Ont. to Alaska, Iowa, Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Gunnison ; 36 POACEAE. Wahatoya Creek; Middle Park; near Denver; Trimble Springs; North Park; Sangrc de Cristo Creek; Saguache Creek; Fort Collins; Chambers' Lake ; Larimer Co. ; I'Vjrt Collins. 39. SCHEDONARDUS Stcud. Wild Cr.\d-ck.ass. I. Schedonardus paniculatus (Nutt.) Trelease. (S. Tcxanus Stcud.) In sandy soil, especially on river-banks from 111. and Man. to Ass., Tex. and N. M. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Vicinity of Boulder ; New Windsor, Weld Co. ; Fort Collins; Colorado Springs; vicinity of Pike's Peak; Arboles; Denver. 40. BOUTELOUA Lag. Grama, Mesquit-grass. Spikelets usually more than one ; cespitose perennials. Awns manifestly arisiuR from between the lobes of the flowering glumes. I. B. polystachya. Awns terminating the lobes of the flowering glumes. Stem densely villous below. 2. B. eriopoda. Stem glabrous. Rachilla bearing the rudimentary glumes and awns glabrous ; second glume strongly papillose-hispid on the keel. 3. B. hirsuta. Rachilla bearing the rudimentary glumes and awns with a tuft of long hairs at the apex ; second glume scabrous and sparingly long-ciliate on the keel. 4- B. oligostachya. Spikelet solitary ; tufted annual. 5. B. prostrata. 1. Bouteloua polystachya (Benth.) Torr. In river-valleys from Tex. to Calif. — San Juan and Mancos Valleys (Braiidcgce). 2. Bouteloua eriopoda Torr. In dry soil from Tex. to Calif. — San Juan Valley {Brandcgcc). 3. Bouteloua hirsuta Lag. On plains and prairies, especially in sandy soil, from 111. and Minn, to S. D., Tex. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Vicinity of Boulder; Twin Lakes; Manitou; Colorado Springs; IMeadow Park. 4. Bouteloua oligostachya (Nutt.) Torr. On plains and prairies from Wis. and Man. to Ass., Miss, and Ariz. ; also in Mex. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Vicinity of Boulder; New Windsor, Weld Co.; Buena Vista; Fort Collins; Denver; Mancos; Durango; Fort Morgan; Georgetown; Walsenbnrg; Gunnison; Col- orado Springs; Twin Lakes; Fort Garland; between Ft. Collins and La Porte; Alamosa; Poudre Canon; Baxter's ranch; prairie near Long Lake; Rocky Ford. 5. Bouteloua prostrata Lag. Plains and hills from Tex. to Colo, and Ariz. ; also in Mex, — Alt. 7500-8500 ft. — Colorado Springs; vicinity of Ouray; Manitou. 41. ANTHEROPOGON Muhl. I. Antheropogon curtipendulus (Michx.) Fourn. {Bouteloua raccmosa Lag.) On hillsides, in canons and dry valleys from Ont. to N. D., N. J., Tex. and Ariz.; also in Max.— Alt. 4000-7txx5 ft.— Vicinity of Boulder; Mani- tou; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Meadow Park; Durango; Walsenburg; Fort Collins; Colorado Springs; gulch west of Soldier Canon; Poudre Canon. POACEAE. 37 42. LEPTOCHLOA Beauv. I. Leptochloa mucronata (Michx.) Kunth., In fields from Va. to Colo., Fla. and Calif. — Locality not given (Lcttermaii). 43. BULBILIS Raf. Buffalo-grass. I. Bulbilis dactyloides (Nutt.) Raf. (Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.) On prairies and plains from Minn, to N. D., Wye, Ark. and N. Mex. ; also Mex. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Vicinity of Boulder ; New Windsor, Weld Co. ; plains near Denver ; Fossil Creek, Larimer Co. ; Fort Collins ; Quimby ; Spring Canon. Tribe 9. FESTUCEAE. 44. SCHLEROPOGON Phillippi. I. Schleropogon brevifolius Phillippi. On rocky ridges from Tex. to Colo, and Ariz. — Alt. about 5000 ft. — Pueblo. 45. PHRAGMITES Trin. Reed. I. Phragmites Phragmites (L.) Karst. {P. communis Trin.) In lakes and swamps from Newf. to B. C, Fla. and Calif. ; also in Mex., W. Ind., Europe and Asia. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Hotchkiss, Delta Co. ; LaSalle ; Deer Run ; Loveland, Larimer Co. ; along lower Cucharas River. 46. MUNROA Torn False Buffalo-grass. I. Munroa squarrosa (Nutt.) Torn On dry plains from N. D. to Ass., Tex. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-8500 ft. — Boulder City; Fort Collins; plains near Denver ; Manitou ; Black Caiion ; New Windsor, Weld Co. ; near Golden ; Idaho Springs; Colorado Springs; Salida; valley north of Georgetown; gulch west of Soldier Canon; Florence; Boulder; Lafayette. 47. TRIPLASIS Beauv. Sand-grass. I. Triplasis purpurea (Walt.) Chapm. On sandy beaches from Out. to Neb., Fla. and Tex. — Locality not given {Hall and Harbour). 48. DASYOCHLOA Willd. I. Dasyochloa pulchella (H. B. K.) Willd. {Triodia pnlchella Willd.) On hills and plains from Wyo. to Tex. and Calif. ; also in Mex. — San Juan Valley (Brandegee). 49. ERIONEURON Nash. I. Erioneuron pilosum (Buckley) Nash. (Triodia acuminata Bentli.) In dry, gravelly soil from Kans. to Colo., Tex. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-5500 ft. — Brantly Canon, Las Animas Co.; Delta; Grand Junction; Canon City; Pueblo; Royal Gorge; dry mesas, 9 miles above Delta. 38 POACEAE. 50. TRIDENS R. & S. Second empty glume i -nerved. . 1. T. mulicus. Second empty glume 3-5-nerved. 2. T. elongatus. 1. Tridens muticus (Torr.) Nash. {Triodia muiica Benth.) On dry hills from Tex. to Colo, and Ariz.; also northern Mex. — Canon City {Porter). 2. Tridens elongatus (Buckley) Nash. On plains and prairies from Tex. to Colo, and Ariz. — Alt. about 5500 ft. — Pueblo; Canon City. 51. DIPLACHNE Beauv. I. Diplachne acuminata Xash. In wet places from Ark. to Neb. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-5500 ft. — New Windsor, Weld Co. ; Canon City. 52. REDFIELDIA Vasey. I. Redfieldia flexuosa (Thurb.) Vasey. {Graphcphorum flcxuasum Thurb.) In sand-hills from S. D. to Ind. Terr, and Tex. — Alt. 4000-5500 ft. — Sterling, Logan Co. ; Fort Garland. 53. KOELERIA Pers. Prairie-grass, June-grass. I. Koeleria cristata (L.) Pers. On prairies and plains from Ont. to B. C, Pa. and Calif. A very variable species and perhaps a composite one. The form common in the Rocky Mountain region has narrow, involute, glabrous or puberulent leaves and narrow panicle, and has been described under the name K. nitida Nutt. — Alt. 4000-10,000 ft. — Middle Park ; Pagosa Springs ; vicinity of Boulder; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Arboles; Gunnison; Sangre de Cristo Creek ; Golden ; Twin Lakes ; Mancos ; Crystal Park ; Minnehaha ; Cimarron; vicinity of Ouray; near Pike's Peak; Stove Prairie Hill, Larimer Co. ; La Veta ; Manitou ; North Park ; Happy Hollow ; Hotchkiss ; Horse- tooth Gulch; Table Rock; Manitou Junction; Dixon Cafion; hills about Dolores; dry hills along Trail Creek; Como; Grizzly Creek; Fort Collins; Hardin's ranch; Willow Creek, Routt Co. 54. ERAGROSTIS Beauv. Skunk-grass. Stink-grass. Culm often decumbent at the base, much' branched, 1-5 dm. high; annuals; panicle green. Spikelets 1.5 mm. or less wide ; palet remaining attached to the continuous rachis, after the flowering glume has fallen. i. E. Pnrshii. Spikelets 2.5-5 mm. wide ; palet falling with the flowering glume and the inter- nodes of the rachis. 2. E. major. Culm erect, rigid, simple ; perennial ; panicle purple. 3. E. pectinacea. 1. Eragrostis Purshii Schrad. In dry or sandy places from Ont. to Wash., Fla. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-7500 ft. — Alamosa, Conejos Co.; Caiion City, Fre- mont Co. ; along the river. Ft. Collins. 2. Eragrostis major Host. {E. poacoidcs megastachya A. Gray.) Natural- ized from Europe, in waste places and fields froin Ont. to Wash., Fla. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Vicinity of Boulder; Longmont; New Windsor, Weld Co. ; Cai'ion City, Fremont Co. ; Cheyenne Mountain ; Tobe Miller's ranch ; near Ft. Collins. POACEAE. 39 3. Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Steud. In sandy soil from Mass. and S. D. to Fla., Tex. and Colo.— Alt. 4000-5000 ft.— Meadow Park. 55. CATABROSA Beauv. Water Whorl-grass. I. Catabrosa aquatica (L.) Beauv. In water, where it is often floating, from Lab. to Alaska, Nebr., Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 5000-9500 ft. — Sangre de Cristo Creek; Rabbit-Ear Pass; Fort Collins; Breckenridge ; near Gray's Peak; gulch west of Pennock's. 56, EATONIA Raf. Second empty glume much wider than the flowering glumes, rounded or truncate and somewhat cucullate at the apex. Intermediate nerves of the second glume almost as prominent as the lateral ones ; leaf-blades firm, much broader than the sheaths and therefore with prominent auricles. i. E. robusta. Intermediate nerves of the second glume faint, the lateral strong; leaf-blades soft, not much wider than the sheaths ; auricles not prominent. 2. E. obttisata. Second empty glume not much wider if at all than the flowering glumes, obtuse or acute. Second empty glumes rather firm, as well as the flowering glumes obtusish. 3. E. intermedia. Second empty glume thin and with a broad, scarious margin, acutish ; flower- ing glumes acute. 4- E- pennsylvanica. 1. Eatonia robusta (Vasey) Rydb. {E. obtusata robusta Vasey.) On river-banks from Neb. to Wash., N. M. and Ariz.— Alt. 4000-5000 ft.— Vicin- ity of Boulder; Rocky Ford. 2. Eatonia obtusata (Michx.) A. Gray. In meadows from Mass. to Mont., Fla. and Ariz.^Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — About Boulder; Manitou; gulch west of Soldier Canon; near Timnath ; Fort Collins; Hotchkiss, Delta Co. 3. Eatonia intermedia Rydb. In meadows from Alb. to Colo. — Alt. 5000- 8000 ft. — Pagosa Springs ; Durango ; Gunnison. 4. Eatonia pennsylvanica (DC.) A. Gray. In open woods and among bushes from N. B. to B. C, Ga. and Colo.— Alt. 4000-7500 ft.— Vicinity of Pike's Peak ; Arboles ; Pagosa Springs ; Alamosa. 57. MELICA L. Melic-grass. Stem not bulblike-thickened at the base. i. M. parviilora. Stem bulblike-thickened at the base. Second empty glume much shorter than the flowering glume of the lowest flower; spikelets flattened. 2. M. spectabilis. Second empty glume about equalling the flowering glume of the lowest flower; spikelets terete or nearly so. 3- M. bulbosa. I. Melica Porteri Scribn. {M. parviHora (Porter) Scribn.) On hillsides and in caiions, especially among bushes, from Neb. to Colo., Tex. and Ariz. — Alt. 6000-9000 ft. — Cheyenne Canon; mountains near Pagosa Peak; Engel- mann Caiion; vicinity of Ouray; Idaho Springs; Glen Eyrie; Upper La Plata; vicinity of Pike's Peak; Black Caiion; Manitou; vicinity of Pine Grove. 40 POACEAE. 2. Melica spectabilis Scribn. In meadows from Mont, to Wash., Colo, and Oregon. — Alt. 8000-9000 ft. — Honnold; North Park; foot of Mt. Richtofen, on the Michigan ; mountain west of Cameron Pass. 3. Melica bulbosa Geyer. In meadows and on hillsides from Mont, to Wash., Colo., Utah and Ore. — Rabbit-Ears, Larimer Co. ; Glenwood Springs, Garfield Co. Osterhout's specimens (somewhat undeveloped) have unusually broad leaves and may belong to the closely related M. califoriiica Scribn. 58. DACTYLIS L. Orchard-grass. I. Dactylis glomerata L. Cultivated and naturalized from Europe; in fields and waste places from N. B. to Wash., Fla. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Cucharas River, below La Veta ; Chicken Creek ; Veta Pass, Costilla Co. ; Fort Collins. 59. BRIZA L. Quaking-grass. I. Briza maxima L. Introduced ornamental grass, and escaped along irri- gation ditches. — Alt. about 7500 ft. — Gunnison. 60. DISTICHLIS Raf. Salt-grass, Marsh Spike-grass. I. Distichlis stricta (Torn) Rydb. {D. maritima stricia Thurber.) In salt marshes from Sask. to W'ash., Mo., Tex. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-7500 ft. — Grand Junction; Deer Run; New Windsor, Weld Co.; near Denver; Fort Collins ; Saguache Creek ; Alamosa ; Pueblo ; Rocky Ford. 61. POA L. Blue-grass, Meadow-grass, Bunch-grass. Annuals. I. Annuae. Perennials. Cobweb at the base of the flowers present, although in some species scant ; flowering glume acute (except in P. compressa), and usually strongly keeled ; plants with horizontal rootstocks, never true bunch-grasses. Intermediate nerves of the flowering glumes strong. Inflorescence with numerous many-flowered spikelets ; its branches in fruit ascending ; the lower in 3's or 4's ; flowering glumes acutish ; cobwel- copious. II. Pratenses. Inflorescence with usually few-flowered spikelets ; its branches reflexed or spreading in fruit ; flowering glumes very acute. Spikelets few and usually purplish ; branches of the inflorescence few, solitary or in pairs, only in P. callichroa in 3's. III. Reflexae. Spikelets many, green ; branches of the inflorescence many ; the lower often in 3's or 4's. IV. Platvphvllae. Intermediate veins of the flowering glumes faint or obsolete. Stem compressed ; panicles narrow, open. V. Compressae. Stem not compressed. Branches of the panicles reflexed. VI. Apertae. Branches of the large panicle not reflexed. Flowers green ; nerves of the empty glumes strong ; meadow species with flaccid leaves. VII. Serotinae. Flowers more or less purplish ; nerves of the empty glumes usually faint ; hill species with rather stiff leaves. VIII. Rupicolae. Cobweb at the base of the flowers none. POACEAE. 41 Spikelets rounded at the base ; empty glumes very broad and their backs strongly arched ; low, somewhat tufted plants, with short but open panicle and broad leaves. IX. Alpinae. Spikelets acute at the base ; empty glumes narrower and not strongly arched on the back. Flowering glumes 3-4 mm. long ; low alpine plants with few, more or less purplish spikelets. Branches of the inflorescence ascending. VIII. Rupicolae. Branches of the inflorescence spreading or reflexed. (P. alpicola in) III. Reflexae. Flowering glumes 5 mm. or more ; plants comparatively tall or robust. Spikelets decidedly flattened ; flowering glumes acute. Nerves and inter-nerves more or less hairy, at least below ; flowers perfect. Inflorescence open ; plants with horizontal rootstocks ; innovations (i. e., new shoots) extra-vaginal (except in P. pseitdopratensis) . Intermediate nerves of the flowering glumes faint ; spikelets pur- plish. X. Phoeniceae. Intermediate nerves of the flowering glumes strong ; spikelets green or slightly purple-tinged. XI. Wheelrianae. Inflorescence narrow ; plants more or less tufted, without creeping rootstock. Leaves not filiform ; innovations mostly extra-vaginal. XII. Epiles. Leaves filiform ; plant true bunch-grasses with intra-vaginal inno- vations. XIII. FiLIFOLIAE. Nerves of the flowering glumes villous, but the inter-nerves glabrous ; plants dioecious ; bunch-grasses with intra-vaginal innovations. XIV. Fendlerianae. Spikelets only slightly flattened ; flowering glumes narrow, nearly straight on the back, rounded at the apex ; bunch-grasses with narrow panicles and intra-vaginal innovations. XV. BtrcKLEVANAE. I. Annuae. Low, 1-2 dm. high; branches of the panicle spreading. i. P. annua. Taller, erect, 2-5 dm. high ; branches of the panicle erect. 2. P. Bigelovii. II. Pratenses. One very variable species. 3. P. pratensis. III. Reflexae. Cobweb present but scant. Internerves of the flowering glumes more or less pubescent, at least below. Spikelets 3-4-flowered ; stem-leaves usually folded or involute ; plant usually less than 3 dm. high. Internerves of the flowering glumes short-pubescent below ; leaves filiform, involute ; those of the sterile shoots usually arcuate. 4. P. cenisia. Internerves of the flowering glumes long-hairy; leaves 1-2 mm. wide, usu- ally conduplicate, rather firm. 5. P. arctica. Spikelets s-7-flowered ; leaves all flat, 3-4 mm. wide ; stem fully 3 dm. high. 6. P. callichroa. Internerves of the flowering glumes glabrous. Intermediate nerves of the flowering glumes pubescent ; plant 3 dm. or less high ; leaves mostly basal, firm ; stemleaves 1-2, usually conduplicate. 7. P. pudica. Intermediate nerves of the flowering glumes glabrous ; plant usually over 3 dm. high ; stemleaves several, flat and flaccid. Hairs of the mid-nerves and lateral nerves copious and spreading. 8. P. reilexa. 42 rOACEAE. Hairs of the niid-iicrvcs and lateral nerves few and appressed or none. g. P. Icptocoma. Cobweb lacking ; internervcs and the intermediate nerves glabrous ; mid-nerves and lateral nerves hairy; habit like P. arctica. lo. P. alpicola. IV. Platyimiyllae. One species. ii. P. platyphylla. V. CoMI'KKS.SAE. One species. 12. P. compressa. VI. Apektae. Branches of the inflorescence short, usually in pairs. 13. P. apcrta. Branches of the inflorescence very long, in 3's to 5's. 14. P. macroclada. VII. Serotinae. Stem stout ; leaves 2-5 mm. wide ; ligule 3-4 mm. long, triangular ; branches of the panicle at last spreading; second glume narrower than the flowering glumes, 54 as long or more. iS- P- serotina. Stem slender ; leaves seldom over 2 mm. wide ; ligule about i mm. long, truncate ; branches of the panicle ascending ; second glume as wide as the flowering glumes and Y^ as long. Flowers green ; empty glumes, especially the second, with broad, scarious mar- gins and strong lateral nerves. 16. P. interior. Flowers usually purple-tinged : scarious margin of the empty glumes scarcely evident and lateral nerves faint. 17 ■ P- crocata. VIII. RUPICOLAE. Mid-nerve and lateral nerves of the flowering glumes pubescent; plant strict, 1-5 dm. high. Empty glumes shorter than the flowering glumes ; their lateral nerves indis- tinct. Cobweb at the base of the flowers scant ; stem slender and leafy, usually 3-5 dm. high. 17 ■ P- crocata. Cobweb none; stem 1-2 (seldom 3) dm. high, leafy mostly at the base. Flowering glumes 3 mm. long or less, firm, obtuse. 18. P. rupicola. Flowering glumes about 4 mm. long, acute, thin. 19. P. Patteisonii. Empty glumes equalling or longer than the flowering glumes, t. e., their tips almost as high as the tip of the subtended flowers ; their lateral nerves more prominent. 20. P. Grayana. Nerves of the flowering glumes glabrous ; plant seldom over 5 cm. high. 21. P. Lettcnnanii. IX. Alpinae. One species. 22. P. alpina. X. Phoeniceae. One species. 23. P. phoenicea. XI. Wiieelerianae. Leaf-sheaths retrorsely stigose. Internerves of the very acute flowering glumes merely strigulose or scabrous. Nerves scabrous. 24. P. Wheeleri. Nerves silky or villous on the lower portion. 25. P. Vaseyana. Internerves as well as nerves of the obtusish flowering glumes villous at least below. 26. P. tricholepis. Leaf-sheaths glabrous. Internerves of the lanceolate flowering glumes scabrous or strigulose ; innova- tions very few and consisting of wholly extravaginal runners. 27. P. occidentalis. POACEAE. 43 Internerves of the ovate flowering glumes pubescent ; innovation several, both extra- and intra-vaginal. 28. P. pseudopratensis. XII. Epiles. Flowering glumes about 5 mm. long, strongly purple-tinged, but slightly scabrous; stem-leaves broad. 29. P. subpurpurea. Flowering glumes about 4 mm. long or less, uisually greenish or slightly purple ; stem-leaves narrow. 30- P. epilis. XIII. FiLIFOLIAE. One species. Z^- P- nematophylla. XIV. Fendlerianae. Ligules 5-7 mm. long, acute or acuminate. 22. P. longiligula. Ligules short, rounded or truncate at the apex ; those of the innovations obso- lete. Panicle very narrow and long-peduncled, contracted. 33. P. longipedunculata. Panicle more open at least in anthcsis. Flowering glumes narrowly oblong ; leaves very slender and rough. 34. P. scabriuscula. Flowering glumes ovate. Panicle very short ; plant low ; leaves smooth below, scabrous above. 35. P. brevipatjiculata. Panicle longer : plant 3-6 dm. high ; leaves scabrous below, hispid-puberu- lent above. 36- P. Fendleriana. XV. BUCKLEYANAE. Internerves of the flowering glumes glabrous ; nerves silky. Plant low ; leaves stiff, involute and often arcuate. 40- P- juncifolia. Plant tall ; leaves broad and flat. 37- P- glaticifolia. Internerves of flowering glumes more or less scabrous or strigose. Flowering glumes merely scabrous throughout. Empty glumes strongly nerved, elongated lanceolate, almost equalling the oblong, very scabrous flowering glumes : leaves usually broad (2-3 mm.) and flat ; ligules lanceolate, acute. 38. P- nevadensis. Empty glumes not strongly nerved, ovate-lanceolate, usually much shorter than the flowering glumes, which are broader and less scabrous. Ligules narrowly lanceolate. 3-4 mm. long, acuminate ; stem-leaves very narrow and involute. 39- P- laevigata. Ligules short, 1-2 mm. long, triangular or broadly ovate and acutish or truncate. Plant 2-4 dm. high ; leaves mostly basal and stiff, short, seldom 8 cm. long; ligules rounded. 40. P- juncifolia. Plant 4-10 dm. high, leafy throughout; leaves longer. Ligules ovate or rounded, acute or obtuse ; leaves soft. 41. P. confusa. Ligules very short, truncate ; leaves rather firm. 42. P. truncata. Flowering glumes more or less strigose on the lower portion, scabrous above. Flowering glumes not longer than the empty glumes, ovate ; pubescence much longer on the nerves. 43- P- pratericola. Flowering glumes oblong, longer than the empty glumes ; pubescence on the nerves scarcely stronger than that on the internerves. Ligules ovate or rounded, obtuse or acutish. 41. P. confusa. Ligules lanceolate, acuminate. Plant yellowish green ; leaves all filiform, soft and usually involute. 44. P. lucida. Plant dark green, leaves broader, flat or condupHcate ; at least those of the stem firm. Creeping rootstock none ; . panicle dense ; flowering glumes greenish at the base and purple above ; leaves usually narrow and con- duplicate. 45- P- Bucklcyana. 44 POACEAE. CrccpinR rootstock often present ; panicle narrow and usually lax ; tlowcrins glumes if at all purplish only slightly so at the very tip; leaves flat. 46. P. Sheldotiii. 1. Poa annua L. In waste and cultivated places, from Lab. and B. C. to Ga. and Calif.; also in Mex. Naturalized from Europe. — Alt. up to 9000 ft. — Ilanior's Lake, north of Duraiigo. 2. Poa Bigelovii V. & S. From Te.x. to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. up to 6000 ft. — "Colorado," locality not given; Colorado Springs; along Purgatoire River, near Trinidad. 3. Poa pratensis L. In meadows from Lab. and Alaska to Fla. and Calif. ; also native of Europe and Asia. — Alt. 4000-11,500 ft. — Mountains northeast of Dolores; Fort Collins; Marshall Pass; Manitou ; Villa Grove; Beaver Creek; Dead Lake; Crystal Park; mountains near Pagosa Peak; vicinity of Ouray; Cameron Canon; Pagosa Springs; Happy Hollow; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta ; Sangre de Cristo Creek ; La Plata Caiion ; Parrott City ; Pass Creek ; Cascade Canon; Quimby; along Conejos River, north of Antonito. 4. Poa cenisia All. (Poa Hexiiosa Wahl.) In wet places in arctic or alpine regions from Greenl. to Alaska ; also in Colo. — Alt. about 10,500 ft. — Moun- tains near Pagosa Peak. 5. Poa arctica R. Br. In wet places in arctic or alpine regions along the arctic coast and Alaska, the Canadian Rockies and Colo. — Alt. 11,000-14,000 ft. — Gray's Peak; Mt. Bartlett; Saddle, Pike's Peak; mountains near Pagosa Peak ; Chambers' Lake. 6. Poa callichroa Rydb. On alpine peaks of Colo. — Alt. about 11.500 ft. — Dead Lake ; Campton's Ranch. 7. Poa pudica Rydb. {P. arctica Scribn. ; in part.) In wet places in alpine or subalpine Colo. — Alt. 11,000-13.000 ft.— High mountains about Empire; near Pagosa Peak ; Stephen's Mine. 8. Poa reflexa V. & S. In wet meadows from Mont, and Ore. to N. M. — Alt. 8000-13,000 ft. — Twin Lakes; Seven Lakes; Silver Plume; high moun- tains about Empire; Cameron Pass; Marshall Pass; near Teller, North Park; tapper La Plata River; near Pagosa Peak; Democrat Mountain; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; Pass Creek; near Ironton, San Juan Co.; Cham- bers' Lake: Ute Pass road; Four-Mile Hill. 9. Poa leptocoma Bong. In wet meadows from Mont, and Alaska to Colo, and Calif.— Alt. 8500-12,500 ft.— Villa Grove; Pike's Peak Valley; chaparrel- covered hills southeast of Ouray: near Pagosa Peak; Columbine; Chicken Creek; Upper La Plata River; Ruby; Beaver Creek; Cameron Pass; Little Kate Mine, La Plata Mountains. 10. Poa alpicola Nash. {Poa laxa Thurb.) In wet places on the alpine peaks of Colo, and Utah; perhaps also Calif.— Alt. 11,500-13,000 ft.— Long's Peak; headwaters of Clear Creek and alpine ridges east of Middle Park; Bottomless Pit, near Pike's Peak; top of Mt. Hayden; Estes Park; Gray's Peak. 11. Poa platyphylla Nash & Rydb. {Poa occidcntalis Vasey.) Along mountain streams of Colo, and N. M.— Alt. 7000-10,500 ft.— Near Pagosa Peak; Veta Pass; Cucharas River, near La Veta; Ojo; Wahatoya Canon; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; Bob Creek, west of Mt. Hesperus; POACEAE. 45 Beaver Creek; Horsetooth Gulch; Howe's Gulch; Happy Hollow; Brantly Canon ; Rabbit-ears, Larimer Co. 12. Poa compressa L. In woodlands, among bushes and in cultivated places from N. H. and B. C. to N. C. and Calif.— Alt. up to 9500 ft.— Veta Pass, Costilla Co. 13. Poa aperta Scribn. In the mountains of Colo. — Telluride; about Ouray; Breckenridge. 14. Poa macroclada Rydb. iMountains of Colo. — Alt. about 9000 ft. — Rogers. 15. Poa serotina Ehr. In wet meadows and swamps from Newf. and B. C. to N. J. and Calif. ; also in Europe. — Alt. 4000-9500 ft. — New Windsor, Weld Co.; plains and foot-hills, near Boulder; Mountain View; Fort Collins; gulch west of Soldier Canon ; along Poudre River. 16. Poa interior Rydb. {Poa nemoralis Am. auth. ; in part.) In wet mead- ows from the Canadian Rockies and Wash, to N. Max. — Alt. 5000-10,000 ft.— Fort Collins; Ute Pass; Twin Lakes; Estes Park; South Park; Marshall Pass ; Beaver Creek ; Stove Prairie Hill ; hills about Box Caiion, west of Ouray; Cerro Summit; Andrew's Shetland ranch; La Plata Canon; caiion west of Pennock's ranch, near Ft. Collins ; Table Rock ; foot of Mt. Rich- tofen, on Michigan River ; Hotchkiss ; mountains northeast of Dolores. 17. Poa crocata Mich. (P. caesia strictior A. Gray, and P. nemoralis Am. auth. ; in part.) On hills and dryer meadows from Lab. and Alaska to Vt., Minn, and Ariz. — Alt. 5000-13,000 ft. — Fort Collins; Happy Hollow; near Narrows ; Mount Baldy ; Barnes' Camp ; foot of Mt. Richtofen, North Park; South Park; Ruxton Creek; Robinson, Summit Co.; headwaters of Clear Creek and alpine ridges east of Middle Park ; near Georgetown ; in valley near Empire ; mountains near Pagosa Peak ; Gentian Ridge ; West Spanish Peak; mountains between Sunshine and Ward; Graymont; Gunni- son ; Cameron's Cone ; Crystal Park ; IMarshall Pass ; Anita Peak ; Willow Creek, Routt Co. 18. Poa rupicola Nash. {Poa rupestris Vasey.) On the mountains from Mont, and Ore. to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 11,500-13,000 ft. — South Park; Gray's Peak ; Silver Plume ; Pike's Peak ; Seven Lakes ; near Pagosa Peak. A form with more hairy glumes has been collected at the following locali- ties : near Manitou ; Little Kate Mine, La Plata Mountains; mountain near Veta Pass ; mountain meadows. Pike's Peak ; Cameron Pass, above timber line. 19. Poa Pattersonii Vasey. On the mountain peaks of Colo, and Ariz. — Alt. 10,000-13,000 ft. — South Park; headwaters of Clear Creek and alpine ridges east of Middle Park; summit of Mt. Garfield; West Spanish Peak; east of Cameron Pass, above timber line; mountains above Beaver Creek; Como Pass, above timber line. 20. Poa Grayana Vasey. On the mountains of Colo, and Wyo. — Alt. about 13,000 ft. — Pike's Peak: Peak Slope; Saddle; Devil's Causeway; Cameron Pass. 21. Poa Lettermannii Vasey. {Poa Brandegci Beal.) On the alpine peaks of Colo, and Wyo. — Alt. about 14,000 ft. — Gray's Peak. 22. Poa alpina L. In wet places on the mountain tops, along streams and 4() POACEAE. in the arctics, from Greenl. and Alaska to Que., Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 9000- 13,000 ft. — Cameron Pass; near Pagosa Peak; Tennessee Pass; La Plata Canon; Little Kate Mine, La Plata Mountains; mountains of Estes Park; South Park; Mt. Hesperus; Gray's Peak; Georgetown; Mt. Harvard; South Park; Mt. Richtofen ; bank of Michigan, North Park. 23. Poa phoenicea Rydb. Mountains of Colo. — Alt. about 12,500 ft. — Vicinity of Pike's Peak: Peak Valley; Windy Point. 24. Poa Wheeleri Vasey. (Poa cuspidata Vasey.) In meadows from Mont, and Ida. to Colo, and Ore. — Alt. 6000-11,000 ft.— Berthoud's Pass; Marshall Pass; Ute Pass Road; North Park; Cameron Pass; Rist Canon; Anita Peak; summit of North Park Range; Rabbit-Ear Range. 25. Poa Vaseyana Scribn. In mountain meadows of Colo. — All. 9000- 10,000 ft. — Silver Plume; Mt. Princeton; near Chambers' Lake. 26. Poa tricholepis Rydb. Mountain meadows of Colo. — Alt. 7500-11,500 ft. — Near Pagosa Peak; canons and meadows, west of Ouray. 27. Poa occidentalis (Vasey) Rydb. {Poa Hexuosa occcidentalis Vasey.) In the mountains of Colo, and Utah.— Alt. 10,000-11,500 ft. — Twin Lakes; Beaver Creek. 28. Poa pseudopratensis Scribn. & Rydb. In wet places from Neb. to S. D. and Colo. — Alt. 4500-6000 ft. — Colorado Springs; New \\'indsor, Weld Co.; along river below Fort Collins. 29. Poa subpurpurea Rydb. {P. pnrpurasccns Vasey; not Sprengel.) In the mountains from Mont, and Wash, to Colo. — Cameron Pass. 30. Poa epilis Scribn. In the mountains from Mont, to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 10,000-13,000 ft.— Buffalo Pass; Silver Plume; Camp Creek; high moun- tains, vicinity of Gray's Peak; Buena Vista; near Pagosa Peak; Cameron Pass; Little Kate Mine, La Plata Mountains; Poudre Canon; Beaver Creek; summit of North Park Range. 31. Poa nematophylla Rydb. Dry hills of Colo. — Meeker, Rio Blanco Co. 32. Poa longiligula Scribn. & Williams. Hillsides and plains from S. D. and Ore. to N. M. and Calif. — Alt. 7000-10,000 ft. — Navajo Canon; " Colorado Terr."; Glenwood Springs; Buena Vista; South Park; Sierra Sangre de Cristo; Black Canon; Table Rock; Palisades; Horsetooth Gulch; bank of Grizzly Creek ; North Park. 33. Poa longipedunculata Scribn. Hills and mountain-sides from Wyo. to N. Mex. — Alt. 5000-12,500 ft. — Mountains northeast of Dolores; hills about Trinidad; Rist Canon; Silver Plume; Gray's Peak; Graymont; Stove Prairie; Lake Ranch; Bear Creek Divide; Beaver Creek; Marshall Pass; Manitou; Dolores; Veta Mountain; Poverty Ridge; near Pagosa Peak; Ojo; Crystal Park; Los Pinos; Grayback mining camps and Placer Gulch; Tur- key Creek and tributaries; West Spanish Peak; West Mancos Canon; West Indian Creek; plains near Denver; Black Canon. Poa longipedunculata virescens Williams. Chambers' Lake ; hills about Trinidad. 34. Poa scabriuscula Williams. Dry mountains of Utah and Colo. — Alt. about 8500 ft. — South Park. 35. Poa brevipaniculata Scribn. & Williams. Dry meadows and mountain- sides in Colo.— Alt. 5500-10,000 ft. — Horsetooth Gulch; gulch west of Sol- POACEAE. 47 dier Canon; Mt. Hesperus; Bob Creek; Cripple Creek; river-bluffs north of La Veta; Estes Park; Ojo; Veta Mountain; hills southeast of La Veta; Table Rock; Trinidad; headwaters of Pass Creek; Piney and Beaver Creeks; West Mancos River; Los Pinos; Van Boxle's ranch, above Cimarron; Seven Lakes; mountains near Veta Pass; Mt. Hesperus; West Indian Creek. Poa brevipaniculata subpallida Williams is a low variety with pale-green color. — Rocky Mountains (Hall & Harbour); Bear Creek; headwaters of Clear Creek and alpine ridges, east of Middle Park; Stove Prairie Hill. 36. Poa Fendleriana (Steud.) Vasey. Dry hills and table lands from Colo, to N. ]\Iex. and Calif. — Alt. 6000-11,500 ft. — Trinidad; Upper LaPlata; Mani- tou ; Los Pinos ; near Pagosa Peak ; near Badito ; Colorado Springs. 37. Poa glaucifolia S. & W. Moist banks from S. D. and Mont, to Colo. — Fort Collins and Calloway Hill. 38. Poa Nevadensis Scribn. In dry meadows and on hillsides from Mont, and B. C. to Colo.. Nev. and Ore. — Alt. 5000-6500 ft.— Gulch west of Sol- dier Canon; near Fort Collins; dry hills near Wood's ranch. 39. Poa laevigata Scribn. On dry meadows and hillsides from Mont, and Wash, to Colo. — Alt. 6500-9000 ft. — Gunnison; Chester; lola; Mancos; along the Michigan, North Park; Rabbit-Ears, Larimer Co. 40. Poa juncifolia Scribn. Dry hills and plains of Wyo., Utah and Colo. — Middle Park ; South Park ; Georgetown ; Hardin's ranch. 41. Poa confusa Rydb. Dry meadows and open " parks " in the mountains from Mont, and Nebr. to Colo. — Alt. 5000-10,000 ft. — Twin Lakes; dry plains. North Park ; Colorado and Wyoming State line ; near Ft. Collins. A form with the glumes slightly strigose below. — Clear Lake; George- town. 42. Poa truncata Rydb. Meadows of Colo. — Alt. about 5000 ft. — Dillon, Summit Co. : Holdredge Ranch, North Park. 43. Poa pratericola Rydb. & Nash. (P. andina Nutt.) Dry plains and prairies of Nebr., Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-12,000 ft. — South Park; Green River ; Twin Lakes ; La Porte ; mountains near Pagosa Peak. 44. Poa lucida Vasey. On dry hills from S. D. and Wyo. to Colo. — Alt. 5000-9000 ft. — Twin Lakes ; Graymont ; South Park ; North Park ; Colum- bine ; vicinity of Ft. Collins ; Crystal Creek ; La Plata Canon ; Mancos ; Hold- redge Meadow, North Park ; Beaver Creek Camp. 45. Poa Buckleyana Nash. On dry plains and hills from Nebr., Mont, and Wash, to Colo, and L^tah. — Alt. 5000-12,000 ft. — Silver Plume; Buena Vista; Leroux Creek, Delta Co. ; Cimarron ; Encampment Meadows ; meadow near Pinkhampton ; Holdredge Meadow, North Park; Cameron Pass, above tim- ber line ; ^Marshall Pass ; mountains above Beaver Creek. 46. Poa Sheldonii Vasey. On dry hills and mountain-sides in Colo. — Alt. 8000-12,000 ft.— Headwaters of Clear Creek and alpine ridges east of Mid- dle Park; along Cottonwood Creek, near Buena Vista; Silver Plume; Mt. Ouray; Chicken Creek, west of Mt. Hesperus; West Mancos Canon; Bob Creek; Como. 48 POACEAE. 62. PANICULARIA Fabr. Manna-ckass, Reed Meadow-grass. Spikelets ovate or oblong, 6 mm. or less long. Flowering glumes slightly if at all scarious and entire at the apex. Spikelets 3 mm. long or less ; branches of the panicle drooping. 1. P. nervata. Spikelets 4-6 mm. long; branches of the panicle ascending or spreading. 2. P. americana. Flowering glumes with broad, dentate, scarious margins. Spikelets 4-6-flowered. 3. P. pauciflora. Spikelets 2-3-flowered. 4. P. Holmii. Spikelets linear, 12 mm. or more long. 5. P. borealis. 1. Panicularia nervata (Willd.) Kuntze. (Glyceria nervata Trin.) In wet meadows and swamps from Lab. to B. C, Fla. and Calif. ; also in Mcx. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — RIanitou ; Crystal Park ; mountains of Larimer Co. ; Democrat Mountain, near Pagosa Peak; Pagosa Springs; Dome Rock Val- ley ; Placer, Costilla Co. ; Bosworth's ranch ; Happy Hollow ; Pagosa Springs. 2. Panicularia americana (Torr.) IMacM. (G. aquatica Coult. ; not Smith) In swamps and along streams from N. B. to Alaska, Tenn. and Nev. — Alt. 4000-8500 ft. — Mancos; mountains, Larimer Co.; Denver; Fort Collins; Plea.sant Grove; New Windsor, Weld Co.; Saguache Creek; LaVeta; Bax- ter's ranch ; canon west of Palmers Lake ; Tabic Rock ; Bosworth's ranch, Stove Prairie ; Pagosa Peak. 3. Panicularia pauciflora (Presl) Kuntze. {G. fanciHora Presl.) In wet meadows from JNIont. to B. C, Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 9000-10,500 ft. — Bob Creek, west of Mt. Hesperus; near Pagosa Peak; Chester; near Chambers' Lake; east slope of Rabbit-Ear Range; mountains northeast of Dolores; Pagosa Peak. 4. Panicularia Holmii Beal. Dense thickets in Colo. — Alt. about 8500 ft. — Lamb's ranch, Long's Peak {Beal). 5. Panicularia borealis Nash. In shallow water from Me. to Alaska, N. Y., Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 5000-8500 ft. — Cerro Summit; Buffalo Pass Road, Routt Co. ; Boulder. 63. PUCCINELLIA Pari. Meadow-grass. I. Puccinellia airoides (Nutl.) Wats. & Coult. {Glyceria distaus Coult.; in part.) In wet meadows, especially in alkaline soil, from Man. to Macken- zie River, B. C, Kans. and Nev.— Alt. 4000-11,000 ft.— Buena Vista; lola; Gunnison; Fort Collins; South Park; Durango; Alpine Tunnel; Saguache Creek; Doyle's; Georgetown; Colorado Springs; Walsenburg; Boulder; Longmont. 64. FESTUCA L. Fescue-grass. Empty glumes firm, the second 3-5-nerved. Annuals or biennials ; stamens 1-2. Spikelets 7-12-flowered ; awn not much exceeding the flowering glume in length, often much shorter. i. F. octoftora. Spikelets 1-7-flowered ; awn much longer than the body of the flowering glume. 2. /•'. iiiicrostachys. Perennials; stamens 3. POACEAE. 49 Leaves 4 mm. or more wide, flat ; culm from a rootstock or with stolons. Awns long, usually longer than the body of the flowering glumes; empty glumes narrowly lanceolate ; branches of panicle reflexed or spreading. 3. F. Jonesii. Awns, if any, very short ; branches of the panicle ascending. Glumes narrowly lanceolate, acuminate and awn-pointed ; spikelets 3-4- flowered. 4. p. fratercula. Glumes broadly lanceolate, abruptly acute ; spikelets 5-9-flowered. 5. F. elatior. Leaves (at least those of the sterile shoots) 2 mm. or less wide, strongly involute. Culm from a rootstock or with stolons ; sterile shoots mostly extra-vaginal. Body of the flowering glume 5-6 mm. long; stem-leaves firm and often flat; spikelets 4-10-flowered. 6. F. rubra. Body of the flowering glume 4 mm. long; leaves very narrow and soft; spikelets 2-3-flowered. 7. F. Earlei. Culm densely tufted, no rootstock ; sterile shoots mostly intra-vaginal. Flowering glumes (without the awns) 3-4 mm. long, not twice as long as the first glume; plants 1-2 (rarely 3) dm. high; inflorescence spike- like. Flowering glumes lanceolate, long-acuminate and long-awned ; panicle dense ; leaves short and firm. 8. F. brachyphylla. Flowering glumes oblong-lanceolate, abruptly contracted into a short awn ; panicle lax ; leaves filiform and soft. 9. F. minutiftora. Flowering glumes (without the awns) 5-8 mm. long, more than twice as long as the first glume. Basal sheaths short ; blades of stem-leaves rarely 8 cm. long. Awns short, less than half as long as the glumes ; inflorescence usually dense and its branches very short. 10. F. pseudovina. Awns long, nearly equalling to much exceeding the body of the glumes in length ; inflorescence open and branches more slender. 11. F. ingrata. Basal sheath long and loose ; blades of stem-leaves usually over i dm. long; inflorescence narrow and awn short. 12. F. arisonica. Empty glumes thin, ovate-lanceolate, more or less scarious ; second glume i-nerved or 3-nerved only at the base ; culms densely tufted with numerous basal sheaths. Ligules long and acuminate ; inflorescence open. 13. F. Thnrberi. Ligules short and rounded ; inflorescence narrow and spikelike. 14. F. coniinis. 1. Festuca octoflora Walt. {F. tcnclla Willd.) In dry, sandy soil from Que. to B. C, Fla. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft.— Denver; New Windsor, Weld Co. ; Veta Pass ; Walsenburg ; Denver ; Wray ; Quimby ; Horsetooth Gulch ; Palisades. 2. Festuca microstachys Nutt. In sandy soil from Ida. to B. C, Colo., Ariz, and Calif. — " Western Colorado." 3. Festuca Jonesii Vasey. In woods from Mont, to B. C, Colo., Utah and Wash. — " Western Colorado." 4. Festuca fratercula Rupr. On open hillsides, in caiions and meadows from Colo, to Arizona and Mex. — Alt. 7500-9500 ft. — Near Pagosa Peak; cafions and adjoining meadows, west of Ouray. 5. Festuca elatior L. In field, among bushes and in waste places from N. So. to Wash., N. C. and Calif. Cultivated and naturalized from Europe. — Alt. up to 5000 ft. — Fort Collins; Durango. 4 60 POACEAE. 6. Festuca rubra L. In meadows from Lab. to Alaska, N. C. and Calif.; also in luimpc and Asia. — Alt. up to 5000 ft. — Ft. Collins. 7. Festuca Earlei Rydb. In canons of Colo. — Alt. about 9500 ft. — LaPlata Canon. 8. Festuca brachyphylla Scliultes. (F. orina brcvifolia S. Wats.) In arctic-alpine localities, in rather barren soil, from Greenl. to Alaska, Vt. and Calif. — Alt. 9500-14,500 ft. — Gray's Peak; Mt. Lincoln; Little Kate Mine, La Plata Mountains; Cumberland Mine; Cameron Pass; Pike's Peak; West Spanish Peak; near Pagosa Peak; Mt. Lincoln; Mt. McClellan ; high mountains near Clear Creek ; Beaver Creek ; mountains northeast of Boreas ; mountain above Barnes' Camp. 9. Festuca minutiflora Rydb. On alpine peaks in Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 10,000-12,000 ft. — ^Ileadwaters of Clear Creek; Manitou ; Mt. Ouray; near Pagosa Peak ; Como ; Tennessee Pass ; Mt. Lincoln ; Cameron Pass ; Moun- tains northeast of Boreas. 10. Festuca pseudovina Mackel. On dry hillsides and mountains from Sask. to B. C, Mich, and Colo. ; also in Europe. — Alt. 9000-12,500 ft. — Bert- houd's Pass ; Cameron Pass ; Dead Lake ; Mount Garfield ; Beaver Creek ; Poverty Flats ; Palsgrove Caiion ; Happy Hollow ; near Teller, North Park ; Chambers' Lake ; Twin Lakes ; mountains above Clear Creek ; Veta Pass ; Ute Pass road ; Boreas ; mountains northwest of Boreas. 11. Festuca ingrata (Hack.) Rydb. {F. ovina of western reports and F. ovina ingrata Hack.) On hillsides and in dryer meadows from Mont, to B. C, Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 3000-12,000 ft. — Grizzly Creek; Chicken Creek; Mount Garfield ; Rabbit-Ear Pass ; North Park ; Wolcott, Eagle Co. ; Barnes' Camp ; along the Michigan. North Park; Beaver Creek; Como; near Monument; flats along Elk River; Campton's ranch; grass plot, Ft. Collins; Pinkham Creek, Larimer Co. ; Willow Creek, Routt Co. Festuca ingrata nudata (Vasey) Rydb. {F. ovina nudata Vasey) is a variety with narrower panicle, longer basal leaves, nearly naked stem and glabrous glumes. — Middle Park ; North Park. 12. Festuca arizonica Vase\-. (Including F. Vascyana Hack.) On rocky slopes from Colo, to Utah, N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 7000-10,000 ft. — George- town Pass ; Twin Lakes ; Pagosa Springs ; West Mancos Caiion ; foot-hills east of Mancos; Cottonwood Lake; Democrat Mountain; Idaho Springs; Veta Pass. 13. Festuca Thurberi Vasey. (S. scabrclla Vascyana Hack.) On hill- sides in Colo, and southern Wyo. — Alt. 8000-12,000 ft. — Twin Lakes ; Mt. Lincoln ; Veta Pass ; vicinity of Pike's Peak ; Cimarron ; Grizzly Creek ; near Pagosa Peak ; Front Range, Larimer Co. ; foot-hills east of Mancos ; West Mancos Canon ; Dark Caiion ; Chicken Creek ; Beaver Creek ; North Park ; Sangre de Cristo Creek ; South Park ; Argentine Pass ; Happy Hollow ; Hahn's Peak. 14. Festuca confinis Vasey. {Poa Kingii S. Wats.) In cations and on hillsides from Mont, to Colo, and Calif— Alt. 6500-10,000 ft.— Stove Prairie Hill and Stove Prairie, Larimer Co. ; Boulder Cafion ; Rist Cafion ; Happy Hollow ; Colorado and Wyoming State line ; Beaver Creek. POACEAE. 51 65. BROMUS L. Broom-grass, Chess. Flowering glumes compressed-keeled. Palet less than -J^ as long as the flowering glume. Leaves glabrous; glumes glabrous or merely scabrous. i. B. polyanthus. Leaves pubescent ; glumes hairy at least when young. 2. B. marginatus. Palet more than % as long as the glume. 3. B. unioloides. Flowering glumes rounded on the back, at least at the base. Flowering glumes oval or broadly elliptic ; second empty glume S-7-nerved ; first 3-nerved ; introduced annuals. Flowering glumes nearly as broad as long, awnless or with a short, dorsal awn. 4. B. brizaeformis. Flowering glumes much longer than broad, always conspicuously awned. Flowering glumes glabrous. Sheaths glabrous ; awn much shorter than the flowering glume, nearly erect. 5. B. secalinus. Sheaths pubescent ; awn fully as long as the glume, at maturity strongly divergent. 6. B. patulus. Flowering glumes more or less hairy. 7. B. hordeaceus. Flowering glumes lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate ; second empty glume 3- nerved ; first one i -nerved except in B. Porteri. Awns shorter than the glumes; perennials and all except B. inermis native. Inflorescence more or less drooping. First empty glume 3-nerved. 8. B. Porteri. First empty glume i -nerved. Flowering glumes evenly pubescent on the back ; sheaths densely lanate. 9. B. lanatipes. Flowering glumes ciliate on the margins, glabrous or sparingly hairy on the back ; sheaths glabrous or the lower sparingly hirsute. 10. B. Richardsoni. Inflorescence not dropping. Inflorescence narrow, its branches erect ; flowering glumes usually awned. 11. B. Pumpellianus. Inflorescence broad, its branches spreading ; flowering glumes usually awnless. 12. B. inermis. Awn longer than the glumes ; introduced annuals. Spikelets numerous on slender, recurved, secund pedicels ; flowering glumes 8-12 mm. long. 13. B. tectoriim. Spikelets few; pedicels not secund: flowering glumes 12-16 mm. long. 14. B. sterilis. 1. Bromus polyanthus Scribii. In meadows from Mont, to Ore., N. M. and Calif. — Alt. 6000-11,500 ft. — Trimble Springs; hills above Dix P. O. ; Cerro Summit ; West Mancos Caiion ; Rabbit-Ear Pass ; Keblar Pass ; Robin- son, Summit Co.; Walsenburg; Veta Pass; foot of Alt. Richtofen, on the Michigan ; near Chambers' Lake ; Cameron Pass. 2. Bromus marginatus H. & A. In meadows from Alb. to B. C, Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 5000-6000 ft. — Steamboat Springs, Routt Co. ; Ft. Collins ; Fish Creek Falls, Routt Co. Bromus marginatus latior Shear is a large variety with large open panicle and longer awns. — Vicinity of Boulder. 3. Bromus unioloides (Willd.) H. B. K. Meadows from Ala. and Calif, to La. and Tex. — Fort Collins ; Cherokee Hill. 4. Bromus brizaeformis F. & M. Locally introduced from Mass. to Wash., Del. and Calif. Native of Europe and Asia. — Alt. 5000-6000 ft. — Vicinity of Bor.lder. 52 POACEAE. 5. Bromus secalinus L. In waste places and fields from Me. to Wash., Fla. and Calif. Introduced from Europe and Asia. — Alt. about 5000 ft. — Boulder; Fort Collins. 6. Bromus patulus M. & K. In waste places from Mass. to Wyo., Mo. and Colo. Introduced from Europe. — Alt. about 5000 ft. — Fort Collins. 7. Bromus hordeaceus L. (B. mollis L.) In waste places from Me. to Wash., Del., Colo, and Ariz. Introduced from Europe. — Denver. 8. Bromus Porteri (Coult.) Nash. {B. Kalmii Portcri Coult.) On hill- sides and in meadows from Man. to Sask., Alb., Colo, and Ariz. — Alt. 7000- 11,000 ft. — About Ouray; West Mancos Canon; Georgetown; Mancos; Cerro Summit; Arboles; Durango; North Park; Cameron Pass; Stove Prairie Hill; Twin Lakes; Buffalo Peaks; Gunnison; Marshall Pass; Robinson; Clear Creek ; Middle Park ; Wagon Wheel Gap ; Chambers' Lake ; Ft. Col- lins; Four-Mile Hill; Michigan Hill, Cameron Pass; Dolores. 9. Bromus lanatipes (Shear) Rydb. {B. Porteri lanatipes Shear.) On hillsides in Colo. — Alt. 5000-9000 ft. — Lower Boulder Cafion, Boulder Co.; Idaho Springs; Mountain View; Hiawatha; vicinity of Boulder; Lafayette; Empire Pass; Dome Rock Valley; Fort Collins; Poudre Canon; Rist Canon; quaking asp grove, west Gunnison Co. ; gulch west of Soldier Canon ; Hahn's Peak, Routt Co. 10. Bromus Richardsonii Link. {B. ciliatus Coult; not L.) In mead- ows and on hillsides from Sask. to B. C, Colo., Ariz, and Ore. — Alt. 6000-11,000 ft. — Cheyenne Mountain; vicinity of Pike's Peak; near Pagosa Peak ; Pandora ; Gunnison ; mountains of Larimer Co. ; Upper La Plata River; Beaver Creek; about Ouray; Mount Baldy; Ruxton Dell; Estes Park; Colorado Springs; Silver Plume; Marshall Pass; Tobe Miller's ranch; Moon's ranch; Happy Hollow; Four-Mile Hill; gulch west of Soldier Canon; bank of Poudre; Andrews ranch; western Gunnison Co. 11. Bromus Pumpellianus Scribn. In meadows and on hillsides from Sask. to Alaska and Colo. — Alt. 6000-10,000 ft. — On Grizzly Creek; Veta Pass; Gray's Peak; Walsenburg; Como; Beaver Creek Camp. Bromus Pumpellianus melicoides Shear is an awnless variety. — Beaver Creek. 12. Bromus inermis Leyss. Escaped occasionally from cultivation from Ohio to Mont, and Colo. — Alt. about 5000 ft. — Fort Collins. 13. Bromus tectorum L. In waste places from Mass. to Wash., Va. and Utah. Introduced from Europe. — Alt. 5000-6000 ft. — Longmont, Boulder Co.; vicinity of Boulder; Fort Collins. 14. Bromus sterilis L. In waste places from Mass. and Ohio to Pa. and Colo. Introduced from Europe and Asia. — Alt. about 5000 ft. — Fort Collins; estray in garden plot. Tribe 10. HORDEAE. 66. AGROPYRON. Wheat-grass, Quack-grass. Rachis of the spike breaking up at maturity, the joints falling with the spikelet. I. A. Scribneri. Rachis of the spike continuous. Cespitose, the innovations intra-vaginal ; no horizontal stolons (except in A. arizonicum). POACEAE. 53 Spikelets compressed, remote on the axis ; awns divergent. Spikelets erect. 2 A. Vaseyi. Spikelets spreading. Empty glumes acute or obtuse ; stem-leaves 3-4, not glaucous. 3. A. spicatum. Empty glumes acuminate or awn-pointed ; stem-leaves 6-7, glaucous. 4. A. ariaoiiicuiii. Spikelets subterete, approximate on the rachis or somewhat distant in A. tenerum. Awn strongly divergent. 16. A. Bakeri. Awn erect or none. Awn long, usually longer than the body of the flowering glume. Plant tall, over 3 dm. high, erect or ascending ; empty glumes broadest below the middle ; spike elongated. Stem stout; spike 7-10 mm. wide, erect but usually unilateral; spikelets (excluding the awns) 12-15 nim. long. 5. A. Richardsoni. Stem slender ; spike about 5 mm. wide, usually nodding, seldom uni- lateral ; spikelets (excluding the awns) about i cm. long. 6. A. caninum. Plant 2-3 dm. high, densely tufted, decumbent at the base, geniculate ; empty glumes broadest above the middle ; spike short. 7. A. andimtm. Awn short or none. Spike stout and dense, 3-8 cm. long, usually tinged with purple ; empty glumes broadest above the middle. 8. A. violaceum. Spike slender and lax, 7-20 cm. long, green ; empty glumes broadest below the middle. 9. A. tenerum. Stoloniferous, sometimes slightly tufted ; innovations extra-vaginal ; flowering glumes acute or merely awn-pointed. Sheath not pubescent. Flowering glumes glabrous or merely scabrous. Spikelets erect, nearly cylindrical or slightly compressed. Leafblades hairy above ; empty glumes shorter than the spikelets, which are usually distant. 10. A. lanceolatxim. Leafblades scabrous but not hairy, spikelets usually not very lax. Empty glumes nearly equalling the spikelets ; spike elongated. 11. A. pseudorepens. Empty glumes half as long as the spikelet ; spike short. 12. A. riparium. Spikelets spreading, much flattened. 13. A. occidentale. Flowering glumes densely pubescent. 14. A. molle. Sheaths pubescent ; flowering glumes very scabrous or short-pubescent. 15. A. Palmeri. 1. Agropyron Scribneri Vasey. On high mountain-tops from Mont, to Colo, and Ariz. — Alt. 10,000-13,000 ft. — Silver Plume; Gray's Peak; near Pagosa Peak ; Cumberland Mine, La Plata Mountains ; Mt. Garfield ; Bald Mountain; West Spanish Peak; Buena Vista; headwaters of Clear Creek; Cameron Pass ; mountains above Beaver Creek. 2. Agropyron Vaseyi S. & S. On dry hills and mountain-sides from Mont. to Ore., Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 5000-6000 ft. — ^Vicinity of Boulder; Ute Pass; Golden; Horsetooth Gulch; gulch west of Soldier Caiion; foot-hills of Larimer Co. 3. Agropyron spicatum (Pursh) Rydb. {A. diver gens Nees; A. sfrigosmn Coult.) On dry hills and mountains from Mont, to Wash., Ariz, and Calif. — Alt. 5000-6500 ft. — Hot Sulphur Springs, Middle Park; along Platte River; 54 POACEAE. Bosworth ranch, Larimer Co. ; Gleiiwood Springs, Garfield Co. ; foot-hills, Larimer Co. ; roudrc Canon ; Rist Canon ; Pinkham Creek, Larimer Co. 4. Agropyron arizonicum S. & S. In tlic mountains from Colo, to Ariz, and Mex. — Alt. 8000-11,000 ft. — Mountains between Sunshine and Ward, Boulder Co. ; near Pagosa Peak ; Robinson, Summit Co. 5. Agropyron Richardsoni (Trin.) Schrad. {A. unilateralL' Cassidy.) In meadows and among bushes from Minn, and Sask. to B. C, Iowa and Colo. — Alt. 7000-10,000 ft. — Veta Pass ; Manitou ; Graymont ; LaPlata Canon ; Crystal Park; mountains of Larimer Co.; Dillon; Salida, ChafTee Co.; Twin Lakes; Empire; along the Michigan, North Park; Como; Bosworth's ranch, Stove Prairie. 6. Agropyron caninum ( L.) Beau v. In meadows from X. Sc. to Ida., N. C. and Colo. — Alt. about 7000 ft. — Mancos ; North Park ; Red Stone. 7. Agropyron andinum ( S. & S.) Rydb. (A. violaccum andiniim S. & S.) On high mountain-tops from Mont, to Colo. — Alt. about 9000 ft. — Silver Plume ; summit of North Park Range. 8. Agropyron violaceum (Hornem.) Vasey. In the mountains from Greenl. to Alaska, N. H. and Utah. — Alt. 6500-12,000 ft. — Near Pagosa Peak; West Mancos Canon; Cerro Summit; Crystal Park; Trinidad; near Badito; Green Mountain Falls; Gunnison; Buena Vista; Empire; Ft. Collins; gulch west of Soldier Canon; La Porte; mountain west of Cameron Pass; Four-Mile Hill; North Park; near Chambers' Lake; Cameron Pass; Willow Creek and Fish Creek Falls, Routt Co. 9. Agropyron tenerum Vasey. On hillsides from Lab. to Alaska, N. H., Mo. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-7500 ft —Fort Garland ; New Windsor, Weld Co. ; Colorado Springs ; Arboles ; Mancos ; Fort Collins ; Trimble Springs, north of Dnrango; Deer Run; Gunnison; Twin Lakes; Mancos; Soldier's Canon. 10. Agropyron lanceolatum S. & S. On the plains from Wyo. to Wash, and Colo. — Alt. about 5000 ft. — Fort Collins; Calloway Hill; Horsetooth Gulch. 11. Agropyron pseudorepens S. & S. In meadows from Iowa to Alb., N. M. and Utah. — x\lt. 4000-10,000 ft. — Clear Creek, near Empire; Kebler Pass; mountains near Pagosa Peak ; vicinity of Boulder ; Colorado Springs ; La Porte; Beaver Creek; Durango; Grizzly Creek; New Windsor, Weld Co.; Pike's Peak; Fontaine qui Bouille Valley; Veta Pass; Ft. Collins; Gray- mont. 12. Agropyron riparium S. & S. On river banks from Mont, to Colo. — Alt. about 7000 ft. — Colorado Springs. 13. Agropyron occidentale Scribn. (./. repots glancum Am. auth.) On prairies and plains from Man. and Sask. to Ore., Mo., N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-9500 ft. — Veta Pass ; Weston's Pass ; Trimble Springs, north of Durango; Longmont, Boulder Co.; Wahatoya Creek; Ft. Morgan; South Park; Hotchkiss; Table Rock; Ft. Collins; La Porte. 14. Agropyron molle (S. & S.) Rydb. In dryer valleys on the plains, especially in alkaline soil, from Sask. to Wash, and N. M. — Alt. 5000-9000 ft. — Weston's Pass ; Arboles ; New Windsor, Weld Co. ; Mancos ; Cerro Summit ; Sangre de Cristo Creek ; Wahatoya Creek ; Golden ; Canon City, Fremont Co.; North Park; Hardin's ranch; Ft. Collins. POACEAE. 55 15. Agropyron Palmeri (S. & S.)- (--i- spicatum Palmeri S. & S.) In the mountains of Colo., N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. up to 7000 ft. — ^Mancos ; Ar- boles ; Quimby. 16. Agropyron Bakeri E. Nelson. Mountains of southern Colo. — Alt. 9000 ft. — Near Pagosa Peak. 67. HORDEUM L. Barley, Squirrel-tail. Empty glumes all alike, subulate-filiform. Empty glumes 3-6 cm. long ; flowering glume of lateral spikelets long-awned. I. H. jubaUim. Empty glumes 1-2 cm. long ; flowering glume of lateral spikelets short-awned or awn-pointed. Lateral spikelets flower-bearing. 2. H. boreale. Lateral spikelets neutral. 3. H. nodosum. Empty glumes of the middle spikelet lanceolate. 4. H. pusillum. 1. Hordeum jubatum L. On prairies and in meadows from Lab. to Alaska, N. J., Tex. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-11,000 ft. — Mancos; Cerro Summit; Ar- boles ; vicinity of Boulder ; Fort Collins ; Fort Morgan ; Golden ; New Wind- sor ; Alpine Tunnel ; Ute Pass ; Twin Lakes. 2. Hordeum boreale S. & S. In meadows from Mont, to Alaska, Colo, and Wash. — Alt. up to 10,000 ft. — Marshall Pass; South Park; Como; North Park. 3. Hordeum nodosum L. In meadows from Mont, to Alaska, Tex. and Calif. — Alt. 5000-9500 ft. — Georgetown; North Park; South Park; Durango; Golden ; Twin Lakes ; Ft. Collins ; Chamber's Lake. 4. Hordeum pusillum Nutt. In arid valleys from 111. to Ida., Ga. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Foot-hills, Larimer Co. ; New Windsor, Weld Co. ; near the river, east of Ft. Collins ; Buckhorn Creek, Larimer Co. 68. SITANION Raf. Some of the empty glumes 2-cleft ; lowest flower of one or both spikelets sterile and like the empty glumes, but inserted on a rachilla and falling away with it. Sterile shoots numerous ; stem slender ; flowering glume 3-awned. I. 5". Hystrix. Sterile shoots few; stem stout; flowering glume i-awned. 2. S. niolle. Empty glumes all entire ; lowest flower of both spikelets perfect. Flowering glumes glabrous. Stem-leaves very long, erect, flexuose, strongly involute. 3. S. longifolium. Stem-leaves short, rigid, spreading or divaricate. 4. S. brevifoliuni. Flowering glumes soft-pubescent. 5. S. piibiflorum. 1. Sitanion Hystrix (Nutt.) Smith. (Ageliops Hystrix Nutt.) On dry shale hills and among sage brush on the plains from Wyo. to Wash, and Colo. — Walsenburg; North Park. 2. Sitanion molle J. G. Smith. On moist mountain-sides in Colo. — Alt. 10.500 ft. — East side Buffalo Pass, Larimer Co. 3. Sitanion longifolium J. G. Smith. On hillsides and among rocks from Nebr. to Nev., Tex. and Ariz. — Alt. 6500-9000 ft. — Villa Grove, Saguache Co.; Denver; Mancos; North Park; mountains of Larimer Co.; Hardin's ranch ; Oak Mesa, Delta Co. ; Anita Peak, Routt Co. 56 POACKAK 4. Sitanion brevifolium J. G. Smith. On bills and mountain-sides from Wyo. to I'tah, Colo, and Ariz.— Alt. 5000-10,000 ft. — Mancos; Ouray; Mar- shall Pass; vicinity of Boulder; mountains between Sunshine and Ward, Boulder Co.; Twin Lakes; Georgetown; Walsenburg; Colorado Springs; La Veta ; vicinity of Ft. Collins ; Willow Creek. Routt Co. 5. Sitanion pubiflorum J. G. Smith. On dry hills from Colo, to Ariz, and N. M. — Alt. a1)niu 6000 ft. — Trinidad. 69. ELYMUS L. Wild Rye, LYME-GR.^ss. Flowering glumes long-awned ; empty glumes lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, narrowed at the base. Spike broad ; spikelets spreading. Flowering glumes hirsute or villose. 1. E. canadensis. Flowering glumes scabrous or strigose-hispidulous or nearly glabrous.' Robust; spike usually included at the base; leaves 8-15 mm. wide. 2. E. robustus. Slender ; spike exserted ; leaves seldom over 5 mm. wide. 3. E. brachystachys. Spike narrow ; spikelets erect. Leaves 7-15 mm. wide, spreading; empty glumes lanceolate, acuminate to short-awned. 4- E. glaucus. Leaves less than 5 mm. wide, usually nearly erect ; empty glumes very nar- rowly linear-lanceolate, long-awned. Spike 7-8 mm. thick; awns 30-40 mm. long. 5. E. Saiindersii. Spike 5 mm. thick or less; awns 5-10 mm. long. 6. E. Macounii. Flowering glumes awnless or short-awned ; empty glumes linear-aristiform or subulate, or if broader not narrowed at the base. Empty glumes aristiform or narrowly subulate. Plant stout, 1-2 m. high ; spikelets 2-6 at each joint ; flowering glumes acute or very short-awned ; in our form scabrous-stigulose. 7. E. condensatus. Plant slender, 3-10 dm. high ; spikelets 1-2 at each joint. Flowering glumes broadly lanceolate, acute or minutely awn-pointed, glab- rous ; rachis scabrous on the sharp angle ; spikelets erect. 8. £. triticoides. Flowering glumes narrowly lanceolate, awned ; rachis nearly terete, strigose ; spikelets somewhat spreading. Flowering glumes glabrous. 9- E. ambiguus. Flowering glumes strigose. 10. E. strigosus. Flowering glumes villous. 12. E. villiflorus. Empty glumes lanceolate-subulate, tapering from a rather broad base ; spike- lets usually singly; flowering glumes glabrous. 11. £. simplex. 1. Elymus canadensis L. On river-banks and among bushes from N. S. and Wash, to Ga. and N. M. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Durango; Fort Collins; along Platte River, near Denver; La Porte, Larimer Co.; Salida, Chaffee Co. ; gulch west of Soldier Caiion ; Black's Lake. 2. Elymus robustus S. & S. On river-banks from S. D. to Ida., Mo. and Colo.— Alt. 5000-6000 ft. — Idaho Springs;' Black Canon; vicinity of Boulder; Fontaine qui Bouille. 3. Elymus brachystachys Scribn. & Ball. On dry plains and hills from Mich, and S. D. to Tex., N. M. and Utah; also in Mex.— Alt. 4000-6500 ft. — Rist Canon, Larimer Co. ; eastern Colorado ; along river, east of Ft. Collins. 4. Elymus glaucus Buckley. (Elymus Sihiricus Thurb. ; not L.) In mead- POACEAE. 57 ows and among bushes from Mich, to Alb., B. C, Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 7000-11,000 ft. — Mountains near Pagosa Peak; Hamor's Lake, north of Durango; about Ouray; Keblar Pass; Villa Grove; Horsetooth Gulch; Ute Pass road; mountains above Cameron Pass; edge of aspen grove, western Gunnison Co. 5. Elymus Saundersii Vasey. On mountains in Colorado. — Exact locality not given. 6. Elymus Macounii Vasey. In meadows from Man. and Sask. to Alb., N. Mex. and Utah. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Denver; Durango; Fort Collins; Gunnison; Manitou. 7. Elymus condensatus Presl. On hills and in dryer valleys from Alb. and B. C. to N. M. and Calif. — Alt. 5000-10,000 ft. — Grand River at Hot Sulphur Springs ; Doyle's ; vicinity of Boulder ; Chester, Saguache Co. ; Grant Creek ; Deadman Caiion ; Campion's ranch ; Miller's ranch, near La Porte. 8. Elymus triticoides Nutt. In meadows and on hillsides from Mont, to Wash., Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 6000-9000 ft. — Grant Creek; foot-hills, Lari- mer Co. ; Georgetown ; Barnes' ranch, Larimer Co. ; Rist Canon. 9. Elymus ambiguus Vasey & Scribn. In canons and on hillsides in Colo. — Alt. 6000-9000 ft. — Penn Gulch; Empire; Fort Garland; Minnehaha; near Manitou ; Engelmann Canon ; Rist Canon, Larimer Co. ; near Badito ; Art- ists' Glen ; North Cheyenne Canon ; Veta Pass ; Campton's ranch. 10. Elymus strigosus Rydb. In the foot-hills and on shale slopes in Colo, and Wyo. — Alt. about 7700 ft.— Near Boulder. 11. Elymus simplex S. & W. Dry plains and hills from Wyo. and Colo, to Ore. — Alt. up to 11,000 ft. — Robinson, Summit Co. 12. Elymus villiflorus Rydb. On plains and foot-hills of Colo. Apparently the same also in the Black Hills and the Canadian Rockies — Alt. 5000-6000 ft. — -Vicinity of Boulder. LOLIUM L. Rye-grass. I. Lolium perenne L. In waste places and cultivated ground from N. S. to Va., Calif, and Wash.— Ft. Collins. Family 19. CYPERACEAE. Sedge Family. Flowers of the spikelets perfect or at least one perfect. Glumes of the spikelets 2-ranked. Perianth present, the members bristle-like ; inflorescence axillary. 1. DULICHIUM. Perianth wanting ; inflorescence in terminal, solitary or umbelled heads. 2. Cyperus. Glumes of the spikelets spirally imbricated. Base of the style not at all or only slightly thickened, deciduous. Perianth-bristles conspicuously elongated. 3. Eriophorum. Perianth-bristles not conspicuously elongated. 4. Scirpus. Base of the styles manifestly swollen, persistent as a tubercle on the achenes. Perianth present ; spike solitary. 5. Eleocharis. Perianth wanting ; spikelets umbellate. 6. Fimbristylis. Flowers monoecious or dioecious. Achenes not enclosed in a perigynium ; glumes 2-flowered. 7. Elyna. Achenes enclosed in a perigynium; glumes i -flowered. 8. Carex. 58 CYPERACEAE. I. DULICHIUM I.. C. Richard. 1. Dulichium arundinaceum (L.) Britt. In wet and muddy places from N. S. to B. C, I'la. and Tex. — Locality not given. 2. CYPERUS L. CvriiRus, Galingale, Nut-grass, Papyrus. Rachis persistent. Annuals. Glumes awned or mucronate: i. C. intiexus. Glumes acute, neither awned nor mucronate. 2. C. acuminalus. Perennials. Glumes tipped with a curved or bent awn. 3. C. Fcndlerianus. Glumes blunt or merely mucronate. 4. C. Bushii. Rachis deciduous above the two empty glumes. 5. C. filiculmis. 1. Cyperus inflexus Mulil. In v^et, sandy soil from Vt. to B. C, Fla. and Calif.; also in Max. — Alt. 5000-6500 ft. — Plains and foot-hills near Boulder; Ft. Collins; along Platte River, near Denver; Canon City; New Windsor, Weld Co.; Arkansas River; along Poudre River. 2. Cyperus acuminatus Torr. & Hook. In wet soil from 111. to Ore., La. and Calif. — Exact locality not given. 3. Cyperus Fendlerianus Boeckl. In wet soil from Tex. to Colo., Ariz, and Mex. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Colorado Springs ; Arkansas Caiion. 4. Cyperus Bushii Britt. (C Schweinitzii Coult. ; not Torr.) In sandy soil from Wise, to Ore., Kans. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-5000 ft. — ^Denver; Meadow Park. 5. Cyperus filiculmis Vahl. In dry fields and on hills from N. H. to Minn., Fla. and I'ex. — Alt. about 55CX) ft. — Colorado Springs. 3. ERIOPHORUM L. Cotton-grass. Achenes obovoid, obtuse. Glumes ovate-lanceolate; achenes light brown. i. E. polystacbyon. Glumes oval or ovate, obtuse ; achenes dark brown, almost black. 2. E. ocreatum. Achenes linear-oblong, acute. 3. E. gracile. 1. Eriophorum polystachyon L. In bogs from Greenl. to Alaska, Ga. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-11,500 ft. — Hamor's Lake, north of Durango; Seven Lakes; West Cliff; Estes Park, Larimer Co. 2. Eriophorum ocreatum A. Nels. In bogs of Wyo. and Colo. — Twin Lakes. 3. Eriophorum gracile Koch. In bogs from Newf. to Alaska, Pa. and Calif. — Estes Park, Larimer Co. 4. SCIRPUS L. Bull-rush, Club-rush. Involucre of a single bract or wanting. Spikelets solitary, rarely 2 together ; plants dwarfed. Annuals; bristles none. i. S. coloradensis. Perennials ; bristles present. Involucre none. 2. 5. pauciftorus. Involucre of one erect bract. CYPERACEAE. 59 Bristles present, longer than the achenes. 3. 5". caespitosus. Bristles wanting. 4. 5. ptimilis. Spikelets normally more than one, usually several or many ; taller plants. Spikelets few, 1-12, appearing lateral. Annual with fibrous roots. 5. S. Hallii. Perennial with rootstocks. 6. .S". aniericanus. Spikelets numerous, umbellate. 7. 6". lacustre. Involucre of 2 or more leaves with flat blades. Spikelets few, umbelled or capitate, relatively large. 8. S. cainpestris. Spikelets numerous, in compound umbels or in umbelled heads, relatively small. Style-branches 2 ; achenes plano-convex ; bristles mostly 4. 9. S. rubrotinctus. Style-branches 3; achenes 3-angular ; bristles 6. 10. 6". atrovirens. 1. Scirpus coloradensis Britt. On muddy shores of lakes in northern Colo. — Alt. about 5000 ft. — Larimer Co. 2. Scirpus pauciflorus Lightf. In wet soil from Anticosti to B. C, N. Y. and Calif. — Alt. 9500-11,500 ft. — Antonito; Seven Lakes; Ruxton Dell; Georgetown. 3. Scirpus caespitosus L. In bogs and among wet rocks from Greenl. to Alaska, N. C. and Colo.; also Europe and Asia. — Lat. 39°-4i°.* 4. Scirpus pumilus Vahl. In wet places in alpine regions in Alb. and Colo. — " Rocky Mountains." 5. Scirpus Hallii A. Gray. In wet soil from Mass. to Colo., Fla. and Tex. ; also Mex. — Locality not given. 6. Scirpus americanus Pers. (S. pitngens Vahl.) In fresh and alkaline swamps from Me. to B. C, Fla. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-6500 ft. — Plains and foot-hills near Boulder; Julesburg; mesas near Pueblo; Colorado Springs; Lake City; Spring Caiion ; Platte River, Denver; Fort Collins. 7. Scirpus lacustris L. In lakes and swamps from Newf. to B. C, Fla. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-8500 ft. — Gypsum, Eagle Co.; Walsenburg; Ft. Col- lins ; Grand Junction ; Buffalo Pass, Park Range ; New Windsor, Weld Co. ; near Ft. Collins. 8. Scirpus campestris Britton. {S. maritimus of Coult. Man.) In wet places, especially with alkaline soil, from Man. to Wash., Tex. and Ariz. ; also Mex. — Alt. 4000-6500 ft. — Ft. Collins ; New Windsor, Weld Co. ; Mont- rose; Walsenburg; Grand Junction; lowland along Poudre River; Ft. Collins. 9. Scirpus rubrotictus Fernald. In swamps from Newf. to Ida., N. Y. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — McCoy; La Veta; Steamboat Springs, Routt Co. 10. Scirpus atrovirens Muhl. In swamps from N. Sc. to Sask., Ga. and La. and Colo. West of Man. and Nebr. it is only represented by v. pallidus Britt. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Plains and foot-hills near Boulder; Ft. Collins; New Windsor, Weld Co. ; along Poudre River, Ft. Collins. 5. ELEOCHARIS R. Br. Spike-rush. Style-branches 2. Annuals with fibrous roots. i. E. afropurpurca. Perennials with horizontal rootstock. Culm stout ; tubercle conic-triangular. 2. E. palustris. Culm slender ; tubercle narrower. 3- E. glaucescens. * Hall & Harbour, who collected in Colorado, did not give any definite locali- ties. On the labels is only given: Rocky Mts., lat. 39°-4i°. 4- £. acicularis. 5- E. acuminata. 6. E. arenicola. 7- E. montatta. 60 CYPERACEAE. Style-branches 3. Achcnes canccllate and longitudinally ribbed ; spikclet flat. Achenes smooth, papillose or reticulate ; spikelet terete. Achencs papillose. Achenes finely reticulate. Spikelets ovoid, blunt. Spikelets narrowly oblong, acute. 1. Eleocharis atropurpurea (Retz.) Kunlli. In wet soil from Iowa to Colo., Fla. and N. Mcx. ; also Mcx. and Trop. Am. — Reported from Colorado, but doubtful. 2. Eleocharis palustris (L.) R. & S. In swamps from Lab. and Alaska to Va. and Calif. ; also in Europe and Asia. — Alt. 4000-10,000 ft. — Trimble Springs, near Durango; Gunnison; Ruxton Dell; Sterling, Logan Co.; New Windsor, Weld Co. ; Ft. Collins ; along Platte River, near Denver. 3. Eleocharis glaucescens (Willd.) Schultes. In swamps and wet mead- ows from Me. to Mont., Fla. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Cucharas River, below La Veta; Julesburg; mesas near Pueblo; Quimby. 4. Eleocharis acicularis (L.) R. & S. In wet soil and mud from Newf. to Sask., \\'asli., Fla. and Calif. ; also Mex., Cent. Am., Europe and Asia. — Alt. 4000-10,000 ft. — Divide between Colorado Springs and Denver; New Windsor, Weld Co. ; Georgetown ; river bank. Ft. Collins. 5. Eleocharis acuminata (Muhl.) Nees. In wet soil from N. Sc. to Alb., Ga., La. and Colo. — Mt. Lincoln. 6. Eleocharis arenicola Torn On sandy shores and in swamps from S. C. to Colo., Fla. and Tex. — Salida. 7. Eleocharis montana (H. B. K.) R. & S. In wet places from Colo, to Calif, and Mex. — Alt. about 7000 ft.— Dolores. 6. FIMBRISTYLIS Vahl. Leaves strongly involute. i. F. castanea. Leaves flat. 2. F. thermalis. 1. Fimbristylis castanea (Michx.) Vahl. In saline soil from N. Y. to Neb., Fla. and Tex.— Lat. 39°-4i°- 2. Fimbristylis thermalis S. Wats. Usually near warm springs from Colo, to Calif. — Sterling, Logan Co. 7. ELYNA Schrad. I. Elyna Bellardi (All.) Koch. (Kobresia scirpina Willd.) In wet places in alpine or arctic regions from Greenl. to Alaska and Alb. ; also in Colo. — Alt. 8500-13,000 ft. — South Park; Twin Lakes; Georgetown; Clear Creek, near Georgetown; summit of Mt. Garfield; Ruxton Dell; Sierra Blanca. 8. CAREX L. Sedge. Stigmata 2 ; spikes all or nearly all bisexual, or dioecious, sessile. ViGNEAE. Stigmata 3 ; or if 2, the spikes mostly unisexual, the lateral ones pistillate (species of Microrhynchae, C. pulla and C. misandra). Carices genuinae. CYPERACEAE. 61 VIGNEAE. I. Spike single, androgj'nous* or unisexual. Perigynia erect, with the hyaline beak split on the convex face. 2. Neurochlaenae. Perigynia spreading at maturity, spongious at the base with a serrate bidentate beak. 5. C. gynocrates. II. Spikes several. A. Beak of the perigynium entire, truncate or oblique. Spikes remote ; perigynia erect, several-nerved ; scales hyaline. Spikes green; perigynia not winged. i. Brachystachyae. Spikes brown; perigynia winged. 21. C. siccata. Spikes sessile in a rounded or ovoid head. Perigynia erect, prominently many-nerved. 10. Cephalostachyae. Perigynia spreading, nerveless or nearly so. 11. Sphaerostachvae. B. Beak of perigynium bidentate or in the last split on one side. 1. Spikes androgynous or dioecious. Perigynia elliptic and acuminate to orbicular, faintly nerved or nerveless, slightly spreading, spongious at the base, from green to brownish. 5. Acanthophorae. Perigynia ovate or lanceolate, nerved. Spikes in a dense-flowered spicate inflorescence ; bracts often conspicu- ous ; perigynia not spongious at the base, winged. 6. Xerochlaenae. Spikes in an interrupted spicate inflorescence ; bracts inconspicuous ; perigynia spongious at the base. 7. Phaenocarp^e. 2. Spikes gynaecandrous.-j- Perigynia wingless. Spikes silvery to light green, remote ; perigynia membranous, light green, erect. 3. Argyranthae. Spikes brownish. Perigynia spreading, spongious at the base ; spikes in a spicate inflo- rescence. 4. Astrostachvae. Perigynia erect ; spikes in an oval or rounded head. 23. C. Bonplandii. Perigynia winged. Perigynia lanceolate to ovate, narrowly winged ; scales brownish. 8. AtI!ROSTACHY"AE. Perigynia ovate to nearly orbicular, broadly winged ; scales green to light brown. 9. Pterocarpae. CARICES GENUINAE. I. Perigynia neither inflated nor tapering into a long beak. A. Spike solitary. Perigynia glabrous ; beak not ciliate. Perigynia erect or in C. obtusafa horizontally bent. Perigynia greenish. 16. Leiochlaenae. Perigynia brown. Achenes terete. 19. Lamprochlaenae. Achenes triquetrous. 34. C. Parryana. Perigynia reflexed. 17. Athrochlaenae. Perigynia pubescent or at least the beak ciliate. Perigynia membranous ; scales very broad and scarious-margined ; bracts not foliaceous. 20. Elynanthae. Perigynia not membranous ; scales narrow, acuminate ; bracts more or less foliaceous. 58. C. scirpoidea and 59. C. oreocharis. B. Spikes several. *Staminate above, pistillate below. ■j- Pistillate above, staminate below. 62 CVrERACKAE. 1. Peripj'iiia conijjrcsscd ; scales very dark. Spikes all Kynaccaiulroiis or the lateral pistillate ; stigmata 3 (except some- times in C. inisaiuira). Spikes all ij>'naecandrous. ij. Mklanaxthak. Lateral spikes pistillate. Spikes sessile or nearly so. 12. Micr.ANANTiiAE. Spikes long-peduncled. 18. Stknocarpae. Terminal spike staminate, the lateral pistillate or the uppermost of these staminate or androgynous. Stigmata 3 ; spikes oblong. 35. C. Kaynoldsii. Stigmata 2; spikes cylindrical. 13. Microrii ynciiak. 2. Perigynia turgid. Spikes 2-4, all gynaecandrous, dark brown ; perigynia gibbous, papillose. 14. AiCOKASTAI IIVAE. Spikes several ; the terminal and sometimes the uppermost of the lateral ones staminate : the rest pistillate or in C. Backii all androgynous. Perigynia glabrous ; spikes peduncled. Beak short or none ; spikes erect, loosely flowered ; perigynia nerved. 15. Cenciirocarpak. Beak prominent, bifid or bidentate. Spikes not very densely flowered, drooping : perigynia faintly nerved, erect or slightly spreading. 23. Hymenochlaenae. Spikes densely flowered, erect ; perigynia nerved, squarose at ma- turity. 24. Spirostachvae. Perigynia pubescent. Pistillate spikes few-flowered, roundish ; perigynia obovate to globose, obscurely nerved : bracts foliaceous but sheathless. 21. Sphaeridiophorae. Pistillate spikes cylindric, dense-flowered ; perigynia ovate or ovate- lanceolate, nerved ; bracts sheathing. 22. Trichocarpae. II. Perigynia inflated and tapering into a long beak. Perigynia abruptly contracted into a very long, slender beak. 66. C. loiigirostris. Perigynia gradually tapering into the beak. Perigynia, at least the lower, reflexed at maturity, sessile ; bracts sheathing. 25. Echinostachyae. Perigynia not reflexed. Bracts sheathless ; perigynia sessile. 26. Physocarpae. Bracts sheathing; perigynia stipitate. 27. Rhynchopiiorae. I. VIGNEAE. Stigmata 2. Spikes all or nearly all bisexual or dioecious, sessile. I. Braciiystachyae. Spikes several, short and fevi^-flowered, sessile, remote, light-green; scales hyaline ; perigynium erect, several-nerved, spongious at the base. Spikes gynaecandrous (i. e., pistillate above, staminate below) ; bracts inconspic- uous ; perigynium light-green, ovate, tapering into a short, almost entire beak. 1. C. caiiescens. Spikes androgynous (j. e., staminate above, pistillate below) ; bracts narrow, but conspicuous ; perigynium shining reddish-brown, abruptly-beaked. 2. C. tenella. 2. Neurochlaenae. Spike single, androgynous, shining reddish-brown; perigynium erect, ob- long, faintly nerved, scabrous along the short hyaline beak, with the orifice slit on the convex face. One species. 3- C. nardina. CYPERACEAE. 63 3. Argyranthae. Spikes several, short and loose-flowered, sessile, remote, silvery to light- green, gynaecandrous ; bracts short ; scales hyaline ; perigynium erect, mem- branaceous, light-green, stipitate, lanceolate, nerved, serrate along the mar- gins, tapering into a long bidentate beak. One species. 4. C. Dezveyana. 4. ASTROSTACHYAE. Spike single or several, short and few-flowered, sessile, remote ; bracts short and narrow ; scales brownish ; perigynium sessile, spreading at matur- ity, cordate to ovate, several-nerved, spongious at base, tapering into a ser- rate, bidentate beak. Spike single, unisexual or androgynous. 5. C. gynocrates. Spike several, gynaecandrous. Perigynium narrowly ovate, faintly nerved. 6. C. stellulata. Perigynium broadly ovate, prominently nerved. 7. C. sterilis. 5. ACANTHOPHORAE. Spikes several, short, but dense-flowered, sessile, androgynous ; bracts often long ; scales greenish to brown ; perigynium slightly spreading, elliptical and acuminate to suborbicular, faintly nerved or nerveless, spongious at base, narrowly winged, the beak serrulate, bidentate. Spikes green, forming a dense, decompound panicle. 8. C. vulpinoidea. Spikes forming a spike or head. Inflorescence spicate. Spike interrupted. 9. C. Hookeriana. Spike contiguous. 10. C. occidentalis. Inflorescence capitate. 11. C. Hoodii. 6. Xerochlaenae. Spikes many, small, in a dense-flowered spicate inflorescence, sessile, con- tiguous, androgynous or dioecious; bracts often conspicuous; scales brown- ish ; perigynium stipitate, erect, ovate to lanceolate, nerved, brown, winged, serrulate along the margins, tapering into a distinct, bidentate beak. Scales acuminate. Perigynium ovate, acuminate; spikes often unisexual. 12. C. marcida. Perigynium lanceolate; spikes bisexual. 13. C. Sartwellii. Scales avvned, perigynium ovate-lanceolate ; spikes mostly unisexual. 14. C. Douglasii. 7. Phaenocarpae. Spikes small, many in an interrupted spicate inflorescence, sometimes pan- iculately branched, sessile, contiguous or nearly so, androgynous; bracts in- conspicuous; scales brownish; perigynium somewhat spreading, ovate, nerved, shining brown, spongious at base, the beak serrulate, bidentate. One species. 15. C. teretiuscula. 8. Athrostachyae. Spikes several, but not many, in a dense-flowered spike or head, sessile, gynaecandrous; bracts seldom conspicuous; scales brownish; perigynium 64 CYPERACEAE. erect, lanceolate to ovate, more or less winged, very seldom wingless, taper- ing into a long serrulate or ciliatc beak, with tlic orifice oblique or bidentatc. Perigynium winged. Spikes in an oval or roundish head ; perigynium ovate to lanceolate ; beak slit on the convex side. Bracts longer than the inflorescence. 17. C. athrostachya. Bracts inconspicuous. Perigynium broadly ovate to suborbicular, rather light brown or greenish. 18. C. f estiva. Perigynium lanceolate, very dark brown and shining. i8a. C. cbenca. Spikes in a more or less distinct spike. Perigynium lanceolate, narrowly winged, ciliate ; inflorescence short. 16. C. scoparia. Perigynium ovate. Beak bidentate. Perigynium thin, green ; spikes nodding when young, tapering at the base. 20. C. pratensis. Perigynium firm, brown ; spikes erect, strict. 22. C. Liddonii. Beak not bidentate. Beak slit on the convex side. 19. C. petasata. Beak oblique at the orifice. 21. C. siccata. Perigj'nium not winged. 23. C. Bonplandii. 9. Pterocarpae. Spikes several, large and heavy, dense-flowered, contiguous or the lower ones remote, sessile, gynaecandrous ; bracts inconspicuous ; scales light-brown to green; perigynium erect, ovate to almost orbicular, much compressed, nerved, broadly winged, prominently serrulate, the beak bidentate. Spikes ovate in a roundish head. 25. C. straminiformis. Spikes in a spicate inflorescence. Perigynium about 5-nerved. 24. C. straminea. Perigynium 7-1 5-nerved. 26. C. festncacea. 10. Cephalostachyae. Spikes several, reddish brown, androgynous, dense-flowered, sessile in a roundish or ovoid head; bracts inconspicuous; scales ovate, acute; peri- gyniimi stipitate, erect, ovate, turgid, spongious, prominently many-nerved, shining reddish-brown, the beak scabrous, obliquely cut, with hyaline orifice. One species. 27. C. stenophylla. 11. Sphaerostachyae. Spikes several, androgynous, dense-flowered, sessile in a roundish head ; bracts inconspicuous; scales broadly ovate with hyaline margins; perigynium spreading at maturity, stipitate, ovate, turgid, nerveless or nearly so, yellow- ish, becoming fuscous at maturity, scabrous along the prominent, obliquely cut beak. One species. 28. C. incurva. CYPERACEAE. 65 II. CARICES GENUINAE. Stigmata 2 or 3. Spikes mostly miisexual. 12. Melananthae. Spikes several, dense-flowered, mostly peduncled and drooping, contiguous, gynaecandrous or the terminal staminate, the lateral pistillate ; bracts con- spicuous, but narrow, sheathless ; scales dark-colored ; perigynium sessile, erect, very seldom spreading, sessile, more or less compressed, elliptical, few- nerved, granvilated and often scabrous along the upper margins, purplish- spotted to almost black, the beak short, entire to emarginate; stigmata 3. Spikes several. Terminal spike gynaecandrous or in C. Parryana sometimes pistillate. All spikes gynaecandrous peduncled and often somewhat drooping. Spikes ovate. Scales and perigynia blackish. 31. C. atrata. Scales and perigynia copper-colored. 32. C. chalciolepis. Spikes cylindric ; scales blackish ; perigynia light-green. 33. C. bella. Lateral spikes pistillate, sessile, erect. Spikes contiguous in a dense head. Perigynia erect. 29. C. alpina. Perigynia spreading. 30. C. rnelanoccphala. Spikes somewhat remote, spicate. Perigynia subtriquetrous ; lateral spikes usually small or none ; scales purplish, with hyaline margins. 34. C. Parryana. Perigynia compressed ; lateral spikes not reduced ; scales purplish. 36. C. Buxbaumii. Terminal spike staminate, the lateral pistillate and peduncled, but erect and contiguous. 35- C. Raynoldsii. Spike single. 34. C. Parryana. 13. MiCRORHYNCHAE. Spikes several, cylindrical, often dense-flowered, sessile or short peduncled, erect, remote, the terminal staminate, the lateral pistillate or the uppermost staminate or androgynous ; bracts foliaceous, sheathless ; scales dark, obtuse ; perigynia often stipitate, erect, compressed, roundish-ovate to elliptical, more or less prominently nerved, granulated, often scabrous along the upper mar- gins, pale green, the beak mostly minute, entire to emarginate; stigmata 2. Perigynia compressed ; beak not bent horizontally. Spikes sessile. Perigynia several-nerved : spikes remote. Perigynia stipitate, deciduous ; beak entire. 38. C. vulgaris. Perigynia persistent ; beak bidentate. 44. C. nebraskensis. Perigynia 2-nerved, not deciduous ; spikes contiguous. 39. C. rigida. Spikes peduncled. Spikes short ; scales spreading, acuminate, longer than the scabrous roundish perigynia. 40. C. chimaphila. Spikes long and cylindric, remote. Perigynia rhombic, entirely beakless. 37- C. rhomboidea. Perigynia beaked. Perigynia stipitate, oval. 41. C. acutina. Perigynia sessile, obovate to broadly elliptic. 43. C. variabilis. Perigynium turgid, with a beak bent horizontally ; spikes sessile or nearly so. 45. C. scopulorum. 66 CYPERACEAE. 14. Aeorastaciiyae. Spikes several, short, but dense-flowered, long-peduncled and drooping, somewhat remote, the terminal staminatc, the lateral gynaecandrous; bracts narrow, sheathless; scales dark-colored, lanceolate-acuminate, longer than the perigj'nium, which is stipitate, erect, orbicular to obovate gibbous, papil- lose, nerved, with a short, entire beak; stigmata 3. One species. 46. C. niagcllanica. 15. Cenchrocarpae. spikes several, loose-flowered, peduncled, but erect, contiguous, the ter- minal staminate or gynaecandrous, the lateral pistillate ; bracts foliaceous, sheathing; scales dark or greenish; perigynium erect, turgid, glabrous, dis- tinctly several-nerved, the beak short or none ; stigmata 3. Terminal spike staminate or gynaecandrous ; perigynium globose, orange-colored, beakless or nearly so. 47- C. aurea. Terminal spike staminate ; perigynium obovate, greenish, abruptly beaked, with the orifice hyaline. 48. C. Torreyi. 16. Leiochlaenae. Spike one, lax and few-flowered, androgynous; scales hyaline, mucronate; perigynium erect, pale-green, stipitate with a short beak or beakless. Perigynium many-nerved, elliptical, emarginate, beakless. 49. C. polytriclioides. Perigynium oval, two-nerved, shortly beaked. 50. C. Geyeri. 17. Athrochlaenae. Spike one, dense and many-flowered, androgynous, the pistillate portion squarrose at maturity; scales lanceolate to oblong, deciduous; perigynium shining, brown, reflexed at maturity, ovate to linear-oblong, prominently stipitate, nerveless, tapering into a long beak; stigmata mostly 3. Rootstock creeping, stoloniferous ; leaves flat ; perigynium ovate, the beak two- lobed. 51. C. nigricans. Rootstock caespitose, matted ; leaves very narrow, involute ; perigynium linear- oblong, the beak obliquely cut. 52. C. pyrenaica. 18. Stenocarpae. Spikes several, very dark, dense-flowered, borne on long, capillary pedun- cles, more or less drooping, the terminal gynaecandrous, the lateral pistil- late ; scales very dark, acuminate ; perigynium purplish, erect, attenuated at both ends, compressed, nerveless, the beak long, serrulate, with the orifice oliquely cut to bifid, hyaline ; stigmata 2 or 3. One species. 53. C. misandra. 19. Lamprociilaenae. Spike one, short and few-flowered, androgynous ; scales broad, brownish ; perigynium obovate to elliptical, obscurely nerved or nerveless, the beak short, with the orifice entire or obliquely cut; stigmata 3. CYPERACEAE. 67 Spike dull-brown ; perigynium erect or slightly spreading at maturity, obovate, shortly beaked or beakless, the orifice entire. 54. C. rupestris. Spike shining, reddish-brown ; perigynium horizontally bent at maturity, turgid, coriaceous, obscurely nerved, the short beak with hyaline orifice. 55. C. obtusafa. 20. Elynanthae. Spike single, androgynous, the pistillate portion few-flowered; scales very broad; perigynium membranaceous, whitish to brown, erect, sessile, oval to obovoid, pubescent or ciliate above, the beak short, with the orifice entire or obliquely cut; stigmata 3. Spike silvery-shining, light-brown ; perigynium oval, pubescent, the beak entire. 56. C. aiifolia. Spike reddish-brown ; perigynium obovoid, attenuated at both ends, the beak cili- ate, obliquely cut. 57. C. elynoides. 21. Sphaeridiophorae. Spike one, the plant dioecious or monoecious, or several, the terminal staminate, the lateral pistillate; the latter few-flowered, roundish, mostly ses- sile or the basal long-peduncled ; bracts foliaceous, sheathless ; scales acu- minate, often mucronate, green to blackish ; perigynium dark-green, stipitate or sessile, obovate to globose, pubescent, obscurely nerved, the beak mostly short, obliquely cut or bidentate, with the teeth erect; stigmata 3. Spikes solitary ; beak short, obliquely cut. Dioecious ; spike very dark, many-flowered ; perigynium strigosely hairy, obo- vate to oval. 58. C. scirpoidca. Monoecious ; spike androgynous, silvery-shining ; perigynium minutely pubescent, broadly elliptic. 59. C. oreocharis. Spikes several. Rhizome stoloniferous ; spikes dark-colored, sessile or nearly so ; perigynium globose, abruptly beaked ; beak short, entire or 2-lobed. 60. C. pennsylvanica. Rhizome caespitose ; spikes peduncled, light-green to brown. Perigynium oval, stipitate; beak bifid. 61. C. Rossii. Perigynium globose ; beak long, obliquely cut. 62. C. umbellata. 22. TrICHOCARPAE. Spikes several, cylindrical, dense-flowered, sessile or the lowest one pedun- cled, but erect, remote, the terminal and uppermost lateral staminate, the others pistillate; bracts foliaceous, long and sheathing; scales purplish or brown, mucronate to aristate; perigynia erect, sessile, ovate to ovate-lanceo- late, turgid, more or less pubescent, nerved, the beak prominent, bidentate; stigmata 3. Perigynium ovate, densely pubescent. 63. C. lanuginosa. Perigynium ovate-lanceolate, sparingly pubescent, the beak with very long, diverg- ing teeth. 64. C. aristata. 23. Hymenochlaenae. Spikes several, androgynous or the terminal staminate, the lateral pistil- late, not very dense-flowered, long-peduncled and drooping; bracts folia- ceous, sheathing; scales hyaline, mucronate; perigynia erect to slightly 68 CYPERACEAE. spreading, oval to elliptical, glabrous below, faintly lurved, the beak promi- nent, scabrous, bifid or bidentate; stigmata 3. Spikes androgynous, light-green. 65. C. Backii. Spikes staminate or pistillate on the same culm. Spikes green ; perigynium inflated, orbicular, the beak very long, linear, with the orifice obliquely cut. 66. C. longirostris. Spikes shining, reddish-brown ; perigynium elliptical, the beak entire. 67. C. capillaris. 24. SriROSTACHYAE. Spikes several, rather short, dense-flowered, peduncled, but erect, remote, squarrose at maturity, the terminal staminate, the lateral pistillate; bracts foliaceous, sheathing; scales light-brown, acuminate; perigynia greenish, spreading, oval to elliptical, turgid, sessile, nerved, glabrous, the beak long, scabrous, bifid ; stigmata 3. One species. 68. C. viridnla. 25. ECHINOSTACHVAE. Spike one, androgynous, or several, the terminal staminate, the lateral pistillate, cylindrical, dense-flowered, peduncled, but erect, squarrose at ma- turity; bracts foliaceous, very long, sheathing; scales lanceolate, light-brown; perigynium greenish, more or less inflated, nerved, glabrous, the beak long, bidentate ; stigmata 3. Spike one, androgynous ; perigynium reflexed at maturity, narrowly lanceolate, orifice of beak oblique ; rhacheola extended through orifice of the beak. 69. C. microglochin. Spikes several, the ternvnal staminate, the lateral pistillate ; perigynium ovate, much inflated, spreading at maturity, the beak bifurcate ; rhacheola not ex- tended. 70. C. retrorsa. 26. Physocarpae. Spike one, androgynous, or several, the tenninal and, sometimes, the upper- most lateral staminate, the others pistillate, cylindrical, sessile or the lower- most peduncled, dark-colored; bracts foliaceous, sheathless; scales lanceo- late, acuminate, brownish or purple ; perigynia shining, spreading, but not reflexed, membranaceous, globular to oblong-elliptical, inflated, sessile ; nerved, the beak short, bidentate or merely emarginate ; stigmata 2 or 3. Spike single, androgynous ; perigynium elliptical, tapering into a bidentate beak. 71. C. Engehnannii. Spikes several. Pistillate spikes cylindrical, often very long ; perigynium inflated, many-nerved, oblong-elliptical, tapering into a cylindrical, bifurcate beak ; stigmata 3. 72. C. utrxculata. Pistillate spikes short, blackish ; perigynium slightly inflated, broadly ovate, nerveless, the beak short, emarginate ; stigmata 2. 73. C. pulla. 27. Rhynchophorae. Spikes several, cylindrical, very robust and dense-flowered, sessile or nearly so, mostly erect, contiguous, the terminal and, sometimes, the uppermost lateral staminate, the others pistillate; bracts foliaceous and very long, sheath- CYPERACEAE. 69 ing; scales light-green, lanceolate, mucronate to aristate; perigynia greenish, erect, stipitate, membranaceous, ovate, much inflated, prominently nerved, glabrous or scabrous along the long beak, which is sharply bifurcate; stig- mata 3. Perigynium subglobose, glabrous, the beak bifurcate. 74. C. tnonile. Perigynium very large, ovate, scabrous, prominently stipitate, the beak very long, bifurcate. 75. C. lupulina. 1. Carex canescens L. In bogs from Newf. to B. C, Va., Colo, and Ore.; also in Europe and Asia. — Alt. 8500-11,500 ft. — Marshall Pass; Lake Mor- aine; Trapper's Lake; Bob Creek, west of Mt. Hesperus; lat. 39°-4i°.* 2. Carex tenella Schkur. In bogs, especially in the woods, from Newf. to B. C, N. J., Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 6000-11,500 ft. — North Park; Castle Caiion ; Graymont ; Colorado Springs ; near Gray's Peak ; near Pagosa Peak ; Bob Creek, west of Mt. Hesperus; Twin Lakes; Little Beaver Creek; Mt. Elbert; along Quail Creek, near Stevens' Mine. 3. Carex nardina Fries. From Greenl. to Alaska. Colo, and Ore. ; also Europe. — Alt. 10,000-12,000 ft. — Silver Plume ; Mt. Elbert. 4. Carex Deweyana Schwein. In woods from N. S. to Ore., Pa. and N. Mex. — Alt. 4000-5000 ft. — Foot-hills, Larimer Co. 5. Carex gynocrates Wormskj. In bogs from Labr. and Alaska to Pa. and Colo. — Mosquito ; South Park. 6. Carex stellulata Good. In bogs, Labr. and Alaska to Colo. ; also Europe and Asia. — Wet Mountain Valley ; Beaver Creek. Larimer Co. 7. Carex sterilis Willd. In moist soil from Newf. to B. C, Fla. and Calif. — Twin Lakes ; South Park. 8. Carex vulpinoidea Michx. In swamps and wet meadows from N. B. to Man., Fla., Tex. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-5000 ft. — Brantly Canon, Las Animas Co. 9. Carex Hookeriana Dew. Dry meadows from Sask. and B. C. to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. about 5000 ft. — Ft. Collins ; Los Pinos ; hills about Trinidad ; dry meadows at Dix; gulch south of Rist Canon. 10. Carex occidentalis Bailey. (C muricata Americana Bailey.) In mead- ows from Colo, to N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 6500-11,000 ft. — Near Pagosa Peak; Sierra Blanca; Montrose; Estes Park; Cedar Edge; Green Mountain Falls, near Pike's Peak ; La Plata Caiion ; Mt. Hesperus ; gulch west of Soldier Canon; lat. 39°-4i°. 11. Carex Hoodii Boott. (C muricata confixa Bailey.) In meadows from Mont, and B. C. to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. up to 10,000 ft. — Continental Divide, Routt Co.; foot of Mt. Richtofen, on the Michigan; Four-Mile Hill, Routt Co. ; Hahn's Peak, Routt Co. ; Rabbit-Ears, Larimer Co. 12. Carex marcida Dewey. In meadows from Man. to B. C, Neb., N. M. and Nev. — Alt. 4000-8500 ft. — Gunnison; Colorado Springs; mesas near Pueblo; Cucharas River, below La Veta; North Park; Pagosa Springs; Durango; Ft. Collins; Buena Vista; Twin Lakes; South Park; moist meadow. Fort Collins. 13. Carex Sartwellii Dewey. In swamps from Ont. to B. C, N. Y. and Utah.— South Park; lat. 39°-4i°. * See footnote on page 59. 7t> CYPERACEAE. 14. Carex Douglasii I'xmtt. In dry or alkaline soil from Man. to B. C, Neb., N. .M. and Calif. — Alt. 3000-11,000 ft. — Antonito; Ruxton Dell; Gunnison; I ronton; plains near Denver; Cucliaras Valley, near La Vcta; Ft. Collins; La riata Canon; Grizzly Creek; pasture, Walton Creek flats; near Long's Peak ; in the Spruce Zone, headwaters of Clear Creek. 15. Carex teretiuscula Good. In swamps and meadows from N. Sc. to B. C, Pa. and CoIo.^Alt. up to 9000 ft. — Ilamor's Lake. j6. Carex scoparia Schkur. In moist soil from N. S. to Man., Fla. and Colo. — Alt. up to 7o-' SALICACKAE. Cimarron; cliaparrcl-covcrcd liills southeast of Ouray; Turkey Creek and tributaries; Fort Collins; Mancos; Garden of the Gods; near l^oulder; Rist Canon; banks of the Poudre River; Redstone; Hardin's ranch; Trinidad. 2. SALIX L. Willow. Capsule glabrous. Filaments hairy, at least below ; bracts caducous, light yellow. Stamens 3-7 ; stipe slender, 2-5 times as long as the nectaries. Petioles without glands; leaves serrulate, thin. I. Amvgd.alinae. Petioles with glands ; leaves densely glandular-serrate. II. Pentandrae. Stamens 2: stipe very short or none. III. Longifoi.iae. Filaments glabrous ; bracts persistant, seldom light yellow. IV. Cordatae. Capsule hairy. Filaments hairy. Leaf-blades linear to lanceolate not very veiny ; bracts caducous ; tall shrubs. III. Lo.xgifgi.iae. Leaf-blades oval or suborbicular, very veiny ; bracts persistent ; depressed shrubs. IX. Reticulatae. Filaments glabrous ; bracts more or less persistent. Capsule rostrate, distinctly stipitate ; style none or short, always shorter than the stipe. Stipe equalling or exceeding the bracts ; styles H mm. or less long. V. ROSTRATAE. Stipe shorter than the bracts ; styles usually about i mm. long. VI. Brachvstachyae. Capsule scarcely rostrate, subsessile or if stipitate, stipe shorter than the style. Style evident, at least J-4 mm. long. Leaves permanently white-silky or tomentose, at least beneath. VII. Pellitae. Leaves either green or grayish beneath. VIII. Arcticae. Style none ; depressed shrubs with entire strongly veined leaves. IX. Reticulatae. I. Amvgdalinae. Leaf-blades narrowly lanceolate; petioles short. i. 5'. Wriglitii. Leaf-blades broadly lanceolate ; petioles slender. 2. S. amygdaloides. II. Pentandrae. Represented only by 3. 5". Fendlcriana. III. L0NGIF0LL\E. Capsule glabrous. Capsule sessile. 4- S. exigua. Capsule stipitate. Leaves permanently silky. Leaves 3-5 mm. wide ; ovary without hairy swelling at the apex. 5. 5". luteosericea. Leaves 2-3 mm. wide ; ovary with a hairy swelling at the apex. 6. S. stenophylla. Leaves glabrous when mature. 7- -S". Imearifolia. Capsule more or less pubescent. Capsule sparingly silky, often becoming glabrous in age. Leaves permanently silky ; bracts not densely silky. 5. 5. luteosericea. Leaves glabrous or nearly so when mature : bracts densely silky ; aments dense. 8. 5". sessiliflora. Capsule densely white-villous ; stigma sessile. 9. S. argophylla. SALICACEAE. 93 IV. CORDATAE. Capsule long-stipitate ; stipe in fruit 1.5-6 mm. long, equalling or longer than the bracts ; style 0.5 mm. or less long ; aments leafy-peduncled. Leaves dark green above, strongly serrate ; young branches not light yellow. 10. 5". cordata. Leaves yellowish green, entire or crenulate ; young branches light yellow. 11. 5". Watsoni. Capsule subsessile or very short-stipitate ; stipe in fruit less than 1.5 mm. long and much shorter than the bracts; style 0.5-1.5 mm. long; aments subsessile and naked or subtended by a few small leaves. Branches without a bloom. Leaves lanceolate to ovate or obovate, more or less distinctly serrate. Leaves thin, ovate or obovate, light green and dull above. 12. 5". padophylla. Leaves firm, dark-green and shining above, lanceolate. Style 1.5 mm. long; aments 2.5-6 cm. long. 13. 5". pseudocordata. Style less than i mm. long; aments 1-2.5 cm. long. 14. S. monticola. Leaves linear-lanceolate to oblong, entire. 15. S. IVol/ii. Branches with a bloom. 16. S. irrorata. V. ROSTRATAE. Leaves linear to lanceolate or oblanceolate. Leaves more or less silky ; branches tisually with a bloom. 17. S. Geyeriana. Leaves not silky; branches without a bloom. 18. 5". macrocarpa. Leaves ovate to obovate. Mature leaves thin, glabrous, faintly nerved. 19. S. perrostrata. Mature leaves firm, pubescent or tomentose beneath, more strongly nerved. 20. .S". Bebbiana. VL Brachystachyae. Only represented by 21. S. Nuttallii. VIL Pellitae. Only represented by 22. S. pachnophora. VIIL Arcticae. Leaves grayish-villous on both sides, although less so above. Twigs white-villousj branches yellow or grayish. 23. 5". brachycarpa. Twigs puberulent, rarely villous ; branches usually purplish. Leaf-blades oblong or linear-oblong ; bracts obovate ; shrub depressed. 24. 5". pseudolapponuin. Leaf-blades oblanceolate or obovate-oblanceolate ; bracts oblong ; shrub not depressed. 25. S. glaucops. Leaves glabrate or when young covered with white hairs parallel to the mid- rib. Shrubs not creeping ; leaf-blades oval to oblong or lanceolate. Aments leafy-peduncled. 25. S. glaucops glabrala. Aments subsessile, naked from lateral buds. 26. S. chlorophylla. Shrubs creeping ; leaf-blades obovate to oblanceolate. 27. S. pctrophila. IX. Reticulatae. Only represented by 28. 6". saximontana. 1. Salix Wrightii Anders. Along streams from Tex. to Colo, and Calif. — 'Alt. 4000-5500 ft. — Arkansas River; Denver. 2. Salix amygdaloides Anders. Along streams from Que. to Wash., N. Y., Mo. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Plains, Colorado Springs; Denver; Wal- 04 SALICACEAE. senburg; Cucliaras river, below La Veta ; mesas near Pueblo; Fort Collins; near Boulder; gulch west of Pennock's mountain ranch; Trinidad; La Porte. 3. Saliz Fendleriana Anders. (S. pcntandra caudata Nutt. ; 5". lasiandra Fcndlcriana Bebb.) Wet mountain valleys and along streams from Alb. to B. C, N. M. and Calif.— Alt. 7000-10,000 ft. — New Windsor; Gunnison; on Turkey Creek and tributaries; Los Pinos; along the Uncompahgre River, near Ouray; Ojo; ALincos ; Cimarron; Fort Collins; along the Conejos River, north of Anlonilo: Trail Creek; Steamboat Springs. 4. Salix exigua Nutt. On river-banks from Mackenzie River to Wash., Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 5000-10,000 ft. — Plains. Colorado Springs; Twin Lakes; North Park ; Los Pinos ; Trinidad. 5. Salix luteosericea Rydb. On sandy river-bars from Neb. to Mont., Ida. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Fort Collins ; plains, Larimer Co. ; Walsen- burg; Sterling, Logan Co.; near Boulder; Elizabethtown ; Denver; Walton Creek; along the Conejos River, north of Antonito ; Rist Canon; Dolores. 6. Salix stenophylla Rydb. Along streams from Tex. to Colo, and N. M. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Mancos; Cucharas River, below La Veta; Walsenburg; Gunnison; Cerro Summit. 7. Salix linearifolia Rydb. iS. longifolia tcncrrima Renders.) Along streams from Minn, and Sask. to Wash., Ark. and Colo. — Exact locality not given. 8. Salix sessiliflora Nutt. Along streams from Alb. to Mont, Colo, and Nev. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Grand Canon; along Uncompahgre River, near Ouray; Grand Junction; Cerro Summit. 9. Salix argophylla Nutt. Along streams from Mont, to Wash., Tex. and Calif. — Alt. about 5000 ft. — Fort Collins ; Rist Caiion. 10. Salix cordata angustata (Pursh) Anders. In river-valleys from N. B. to Wash., Va. and N. M. — Alt. 4000-10,000 ft. — Los Pinos; Walsenburg; Cucharas River, below La Veta; on Turkey Creek and tributaries. 11. Salix Watsoni (Bebb.) Rydb. {S. cordata Watsoni Bebb.; 5". iiava Rydb.; not Schoepf.) In river-valleys from Mont, to Calif, and Colo. — Alt. 6000-7000 ft. — Manitou; South Park; Middle Park; Walsenburg; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta. 12. Salix padophylla Rydb. In valleys from Mont, to N. M. — Alt. 8000- 11,000 ft. — Los Pinos; Pass Creek; Ojo; Bob Creek, West La Plata Moun- tains; North Park; on Turkey Creek and tributaries; Gunnison; Carson; Silverton ; near Chambers' Lake ; Dolores. 13. Salix pseudocordata Anders. {S. Novae-Angliae pscudocordata Anders.) Along streams from Sask. to Alb. and Colo. — Alt. 6000-7000 ft. — Manitou; North Park; South Cheyenne Cafion. 14. Salix monticola Bebb. In mountain valleys from Alb. to Ore., Colo, and Nev. — Alt. 2200-3000 ft. — Pike's Peak; Lake City; Georgetown; head- waters of Sangre de Cristo Creek ; North Cheyenne Cafion ; Chamber's Lake ; Sheep Creek, above Campton's. 15. Salix Wolfii Bebb. In mountain valleys of Wyoming and Colo. — Alt. 8000-10,500 ft. — South Park; Tennessee Pass; on Grizzly Creek; Ironton Park, nine miles south of Ouray; North Park; Rico; Eldora to Baltimore; Camp Creek, Larimer Co. SALICACEAE. 95 i6. Salix irrorata Anders. In canons and along streams from Colo, to N. M. — Alt. 6000-9000 ft. — Dry rocks, Cheyenne Mountain; Manitou; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta ; South Cheyenne Canon ; foot-hills, Larimer Co. ; Los Pinos; Ironton Park, nine miles south of Ouray; Gunnison; Crested Butte, Gunnison watershed; Grizzly Creek; Sheep Creek, above Campton's; Horse- tooth Gulch ; Rist Caiion ; Howe's Gulch. 17. Salix Geyeriana Anders. In mountain valleys along streams from Wyo. to Wash., Colo, and Ore. — Alt. 8000-10,000 ft. — Mountains of Estes Park; Minturn; Columbine; Sargent's; Pinkham Creek, Larimer Co. 18. Salix macrocarpa Nutt. Along streams in the mountains from Wyo. to Wash, and Colo. — Alt. up to 10,000 ft. — Seven Lakes; Stove Prairie, Lari- mer Co. 19. Salix perrostrata Rydb. In valleys and in wet places in the foot-hills from Hudson Bay to Alaska and Colo. — Alt. 1500-2700 ft. — Foot-hills, Colo- rado Springs; foot-hills west of Fort Collins; Los Pinos; South Cheyenne Caiion; Ruxton; Green Mountain Falls; Ojo; Cimarron; Chicken Creek, West La Plata Mountains ; Pike's Peak Trail ; Rist Cafion ; mountains north- east of Dolores ; Boulder. 20. Salix Bebbiana Sarg. (S. rostrata Richardson) In valleys and on hillsides from Anticosti to Alaska, N. J. and Calif.— Alt. 5000-10,000 ft.— Manitou; Ruxton Dell; Pike's Peak; North Park, Larimer Co.; mountains of Estes Park, Larimer Co.; Horsetooth Gulch; Boulder; Beaver Creek. 21. Salix Nuttallii Sarg. {S. iiavcscens Nutt.) Along streams and in wet valleys from Ass. and B. C. to N. M. and Calif.— Alt. 7000-11,000 ft— Hills about Box Canon, west of Ouray; Wahatoya Caiion; Little Kate Basin, La Plata Mountains; mountains, Larimer Co.; Artists' Glen; North Cheyenne Caiion; chaparral-covered hills southeast of Ouray; Stove Prairie, Larimer Co.; Mount Baldy; Barnes' Camp on Little South; Redstone; Eldora to Baltimore ; Empire. 22. Salix pachnophora Rydb. In the mountains along streams, Colo, and N. M. — Alt. 7000-8000 ft. — Rico, Dolores Co. ; along Uncompahgre River ; near Ouray ; Chambers' Lake ; Hahn's Peak, Routt Co. ; Rabbit-Ears. 23. Salix brachycarpa Nutt. {Salix desertorum stricta Anderson; 6". stricta Rydb.) In springy places in the mountains from Que. to Alb. and Colo. — Alt. 7000-11,000 ft. — Twin Lakes; Pike's Peak; Sheep Creek, above Camp- ton's; near Higho; Veta Pass, Sangre de Cristo Range; Walden, Larimer Co. 24. Salix pseudolapponum Seem. On mountain tops of Colorado. — Alt. 9000-13,000 ft. — Gray's Peak; Georgetown; Cimarron Pass; Alpine Tunnel; Mt. Abram, Ouray; Sierra Blanca; Little Kate Basin, La Plata Mountains; Mt. Hesperus, above timber line; West Spanish Peak; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; Twin Lakes; Bottomless Pit; east slope Pike's Peak; Dead Lake ; Tennessee Pass ; bank of Michigan, North Park ; mountains above Graymont ; Eldora to Baltimore ; Berthoud Pass. 25. Salix glaucops Anders. In alpine bogs and springy places from Alb. to Yukon Terr., Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 7000-13,000 ft. — In var. glabrata Anders., the leaves are nearly glabrous above. — Mountains between Sunshine and Ward ; Brush Creek, Custer Co. ; mountains south of Ward, Boulder Co. ; Bear Creek Divide, West La Plata Mountains; Alpine Tunnel; Mt. Abram, or. SALICACF.AK. Ouray; Sliccp Creek, above Caniptoii's ; Sierra Blanca ; near Pagosa Peak; Silver Plume; timber line, Pike's Peak; Ininton Park, nine miles soutb of Ouray; Mt. Harvard; Red Mountain, south of Ouray; Marshall's Pass; Car- son; Lake Moraine; mountains above Boreas; head of Red River, I'rankin; Hematite; Cameron Pass; southeast of JeflFerson ; Empire. 26. Salix chlorophylla Anders. In mountain bogs from Lab. to Alaska, N. H. and Colo. — Alt. 8000-12.000 ft. — Georgetown; Clear Creek, Middle Park; Alpine Tunnel; mountains above Boreas; Pike's Peak; Little Kate Basin; Wahatoya Canon; Buffalo Pass, Park Range; Red Mountain, south of Ouray; Columbine ; mountains of Estes Park, Larimer Co. ; Carson ; Marshall Pass ; mountains above Boreas ; Cameron Pass ; Rabbit-Ears, Larimer Co. ; Beaver Creek; North Park Range, Routt Co. 27. Salix petrophila Rydb. (S. arctica petraca Anderson) On exposed mountain tops from N. H. to B. C, Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 12,000-14.000 ft. — Gray's Peak; near Pagosa Peak; mountains above Boreas; Mt. Howard; Marshall Pass. 28. Salix saximontana Rydb. {S. reticulata Port. & Coult., in part) On exposed mountain tops from Wyo. to Colo, and Nev. — Alt. 9000-14.000 ft. — Clear Creek, Middle Park; Arapahoe Peak; Argentine Pass; Floral Moun- tain ; Georgetown ; Mt. Hesperus ; mountains above Cameron Pass ; Gray's Peak; Bald Mountain; West Spanish Peak; Mount Garfield; Sierra Blanca; Alpine Tunnel ; Franklin ; Ragged Mountain, Gunnison Co. ; Ethel Peak, Larimer Co. Order 20. FAGALES. Staminate and pistillate flowers both in aments ; fruit not with a bur or cup. Staminate flowers 2 or 3 together in the axils of the bracts, each with a calyx ; pistillate flowers without a calyx. 36. Betulace.ak. Staminate flowers solitary in the axils of each bract without a calyx ; pistillate flowers with a calyx. 37. Corvlack.^k. Staminate flowers in aments ; pistillate often solitary, the involucre becoming a cup or bur. 38. Fagaceai;. Family 36. BETULACEAE Agardh. Birch Family. Stamens 2 ; bracts of the mature pistillate aments membranous, usually 3-lobed, deciduous with the nut. i. Betula. Stamens usually 4 (3-6) ; bracts of the mature pistillate aments thickened and woody, erose or toothed, persistent. 2. Alxus. I. BETULA L. BiRCii. Wings of the fruit much wider than the body ; trees or tall shrubs. I. B. foittinalis. Wing of the fruit usually narrower than the body : low shrubs. 2. B. glandiilosa. I. Betula fontinalis Sarg. {B. occidcntalis S. Wats. ; not Hook.) Along streams from S. D. and Alb. to Yukon Terr., N. M. and Ore. — Alt. 5000- 9000 ft. — Walsenburg; Garland; Engelmann Caiion; foot-hills. Fort Collins; Livermore, Larimer Co. ; South Cheyenne Canon ; North Cheyenne Canon ; Ojo; Pass Creek; foot-hills near Fort Collins; Elizabethtown ; Howe's Gulch; west of Rist Canon ; Rist Canon ; Eldora to Baltimore ; Elk River, Routt Co. BETULACEAE. 97 2. Betula glandulosa Michx. In bogs from Greenl. to Alaska, N. H., Colo, and Ore. — Alt. 9000-11,000 ft. — Middle Park; Argentine Pass; Cameron Pass; mountains above Como; Twin Lakes; Seven Lakes; Blue River; Ironton Park, nine miles south of Ouray; Ruxton Park; head of Muddy River, Mid- dle Park; Pike's Peak; Tennessee Pass; Silverton; Breckenridge ; betwreen Como and Boreas ; bank of the Big Muddy ; western Gunnison Co. ; Eldora to Baltimore. 2. ALNUS Gaertn. Alder. I. Alnus tenuifolia Nutt. (A. incanavirescens S.Wats.) Along streams from Mont, to Alaska, N. M. and Calif. — Alt. 6000-10,000 ft. — ^Mountains between Sunshine and Ward; Ojo; Turkey Creek and tributaries; canon, Idaho Springs ; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta ; Hermosa ; near Pagosa Peak ; head- waters of Pass Creek ; Larimer Co. ; Bob Creek, West La Plata Mountains ; Red Mountain, south of Ouray; Lower Boulder Canon, Boulder Co.; Par- lin ; Colorado Springs ; Black Cafion of the Gunnison ; Rist Canon ; foot- hills near Fort Collins; Steamboat Springs; Dolores. Family 37. CORYLACEAE Mirbel. Hazel-Nut Family. I. CORYLUS L. Hazel-Nut. I. Corylus rostrata Ait. In thickets and open woods and on hillsides from N. S. to N. D., Ga. and Colo. — Alt. 1200-8000 ft. — Lower Boulder Canon, Boulder Co. ; North Cheyenne Cafion ; foot-hills, Larimer Co. ; Rist Canon ; gulch west of Soldier Canon ; vicinity of Arthur's Rock. Family 38. FAGACEAE Drude. Beech Family. I. QUERCUS L. Oak. Leaves lobed or divided, not evergreen ; lobes rounded, obtuse or acute, but not spinulose-tipped. . Leaves bright green, early deciduous. Mature leaves softly pubescent, almost velvety beneath, deeply divided. I. Q. utahensis. Mature leaves glabrate, puberulent or somewhat pubescent, but not velvety beneath. Cup flat, covering less than % of the acorn. 2. Q. Vreelandii. Cup hemispheric, covering J^ to H of the acorn. Acorns barrel-shaped, obtuse. Mature leaves very thin, glabrate beneath or puberulent only on the veins ; cup covering about Yz of the acorn ; scales of cup thin. 3. Q. leptophylla. Mature leaves firm, puberulent beneath, cup covering about yi of the acorn ; scales of cup thick, corky. Leaves mostly oblong in outline, lobed halfway to the midrib or less, rather dull. 4. Q. Gunnisonii. Leaves obovate in outline, divided deeper than halfway to the mid- rib, very shining above. Lobes of the leaves broadly oblong, rounded at the apex. 5. Q. nitescens. Lobes of the leaves ovate or triangular, acute. 6. Q. novomexicana. 98 FAGACEAE. Acorns ovoid, acute ; ciii) covering about ,'2 of the acorn. 7. Q. Gambellii. Leaves pale green, more persistent. Lobes oblong-ovate, obtuse or acutisb, not iiiucronate. 8. Q. vcuustula. Lobes triangular-ovate, mucronate. 9. Q. Fcndleri. Leaves persistent, evergreen, sinuate ; lobes or teeth spinulose-tipped or mucronate. Leaves decidedly crisped, sinuately lobed ; lobes distinctly spinulose-tipped. 10. Q. pungens. Leaves flat, sinuately toothed ; teeth mucronate or slightly spinulose-tipped. 11. Q. undulata. 1. Quercus utahensis (A. DC.) Rydb. (Q. stcllata Utahensis A. DC.) A small tree, often 10 feet or more liigli. growing in the mountain regions of Utah, Colo., Ariz, and N. M. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Chaparral-covered hills southeast of Ouray; Hotchkiss, Delta Co.; Trinidad; Glenwood Springs; Mancos ; North Cheyenne Canon ; Wahatoya Canon ; hills about Box Canon, west of Ouray; IManitou ; Mancos Cai'ion ; west of Palmer Lake; Glen Eyrie. 2. Quercus Vreelandii Rydb. A chaparral-forming shrub, 1-1.5 m. high, growing on hillsides in Colo, and N. M. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Chaparral-covered hills southeast of Ouray; Cerro; Glenwood Springs; butte five miles south- west of La Veta ; South Cheyenne Cafion ; Colorado Springs. 3. Quercus leptophylla Rydb. A tree, 10-15 m. high, growing along streams in the mountains of Colorado. — Alt. 5500-8500 ft. — Turkey Creek and tribu- taries ; Cucharas River, above La Veta ; North Cheyenne Canon ; Routt Co. ; Chicken Creek, West La Plata Mountains. 4. Quercus Gunnisonii (Torn) Rydb. A chaparral-forming shrub, 1-3 m. high, growing on hillsides and mesas from Colo, to Utah, N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 6000-8000 ft. — North Cheyenne Canon ; butte five miles southwest of La Veta ; Colorado Springs ; Cochetopa Pass ; Caiion of Arkansas ; Cafion City; Durango; hills back of Manitou ; Steamboat Springs; Denver. 5. Quercus nitescens Rydb. A chaparral-forming shrub, 3-5 m. high, grow- ing on mesas and hillsides, but along streams sometiines forming a small tree; in Colo, and eastern Utah. — Alt. 6000-11,000 ft. — Butte five miles southwest of La Veta; Glenwood Springs; chaparral-covered hills southeast of Ouray; Red Mountain, south of Ouray; hills about Box Caiion, west of Ouray; West Mancos Caiion; Four-Mile Hill, Routt Co.; Los Pinos; Ute Pass, near Pike's Peak; Cheyenne Cafion, near Pike's Peak. 6. Quercus novomexicana (A. DC.) Rydb. (Q. Douglasii Novomexicana A. DC.) A chaparral-forming shrub, 3-5 m. high, or along streams a small tree, from Colo, to Utah and N. M. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Glenwood Springs; Engelmann Cafion ; between Pallas and Sydney ; Cucharas River, above La Veta ; Mancos ; Manitou ; chaparral-covered hills southeast of Ouray ; Chey- enne Mountain ; Canon City. 7. Quercus Gambellii Nutt. A chaparral-forming shrub, 3-5 m. high, grow- ing on hillsides from Colo, to Utah and N. M. — Alt. 6500-9000 ft. — Chaparral- covered hills southeast of Ouray; Cucharas River, above La Veta; Gunnison; Twelve-Mile Creek ; north of Cheyenne Cafion ; Manitou ; Canon of the Arkansas ; South Park ; Ute Pass ; Garden of the Gods. 8. Quercus venustula Greene. A small shrub, 1-2 m. high, known only from the type locality. — Raton Mountains, near Trinidad. FAGACEAE. 99 9. Quercus Fendleri Liebm. A shrub, 1-3 m. high, growing on dry hillsides from Colo, to Tex. and Ariz. — Alt. 5000-7000 ft. — Mesas near Colorado Springs; McElmo Canon; Raton Mountains, near Trinidad; Canon of Ar- kansas ; Green Horn Mountains ; Poncho Pass ; Purgatory River, near Trinidad. 10. Quercus pungens Liebm. {Q. undulata Wrightii Engelm.) A low shrub, 1-3 m. high, on dry hills from Colo, to Utah, Tex. and Ariz. ; also Mex. — Canon City; Arkansas Canon. 11. Quercus undulata Torn (Q. undulata Jamesii Engelm.) A shrub, 1-3 m. high, growing on dry hills from Colo, to Tex. and Ariz. — " Rocky Moun- tains " ; Canon of the Arkansas ; Steamboat Springs. Order 21. URTICALES. Style and stigma i ; ovules erect or ascending ; herbs with small greenish flowers ; fruit an achene. 39. Urticaceae. Styles and stigmas 2 ; ovules pendulous. Herbs or herbacious vines with opposite leaves ; fruit an achene. 40. Cannabinaceae. Trees or shrubs with alternate leaves ; fruit a samara or drupe. 41. Ulmaceae. Family 39. URTICACEAE Reichenb. Nettle Family. Herbs with stinging hairs ; leaves opposite ; flowers not involucrate. I. Urtica. Herbs without stinging hairs ; leaves alternate ; flowers involucrate by leafy bracts. 2. Parietaria. I. URTICA L. Nettle. Teeth of the leaves ovate, strongly directed forward ; stem sparingly strigose and bristly. i. U. gracilis. Teeth of the leaves broadly triangular, not strongly directed forward ; stem glabrous or nearly so. 2. U. gracilenta. 1. Urtica gracilis Ait. In alluvial soil along streams from N. S. to Alaska, N. C. and N. M. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Mountains between Sunshine and Ward; Steamboat Springs; Mancos; Bob Creek, West La Plata Mountains; Fort Collins; along the Uncompahgre River, near Ouray; chaparral-covered hills southeast of Ouray; Gunnison; Spring Caiion; Campton's ranch. 2. Urtica gracilenta Greene. {U. Brewcri Coulter; not S. Wats.) Along streams from Wyo. to Tex. and N. M. — Alt. up to 9000 ft. — Near Pagosa Peak. 2. PARIETARIA L. Pellitory. Leaf-blades lanceolate, 2-7 cm. long, twice as long as the petioles or longer. I. P. pennsylvanica. Leaf-blades oblong or ovate-oblong, 0.5-2 cm. long, not twice as long as the petioles. 2. P. obtusa. I. Parietaria pennsylvanica Muhl. On shaded banks and hillsides from Dnt. to B. C, Fla. and Mex. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Steamboat Springs; Lower Boulder Caiion, Boulder Co. ; Black Cafion ; foot-hills, Larimer Co. ; gulch west of Pennock's mountain ranch ; along Poudre River, near Fort Collins ; Horsetooth Gulch. lOO URTICACEAE. 2. Parietaria obtusa Rydb. In shaded places from Colo, to Utah, Tex. and Calif. — Alt. up to 6000 ft. — El Paso; Sunset Canon. Family 40. CANNABINACEAE I.indl. Hkmi' Kamii.v. I. HUMULUS L. Hops. I. Humulus lupulus neo-mexicanus Cockerell. The native hops of the Rocky Mountain region has deeper divided leaves and more sharply acuminate bracts than the cultivated variety. It grows along streams from Wyo. to Utah, N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 5000-8000 ft. — Fort Collins; Colorado Springs; along the Uncompahgre River, near Ouray; Parlin, Gunnison Co.; Walsen- burg; Manitou ; canon v^'cst of Palmer Lake; along Cache la Poudre River; Poudre Canon. Family 41. ULMACEAE Mirbcl. Fi.m Family. I. CELTIS L. Hackberry. I. Celtis reticulata Torn (C occidentalis Port. & Coult. ; not L.) On hillsides, in rocky places, from Tex. to Colo, and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — "Colorado," locality not given; plains and foot-hills near Boulder; near Os- borne City ; Golden ; gulch west of Pennock's mountain ranch ; foot-hills 6-8 miles west of Fort Collins. Order 22. SANTALALES. Leaves opposite : fruit a berry ; tree-parasites. 42. Loranthaceae. Leaves alternate : fruit a drupe or nut ; root-parasites or saprophytes. 43. Santalaceae. Family 42. LORANTHACEAE I). Don. Mistletoe Family. Anthers 2-celled ; pollen-grains smooth ; berry globose, pulpy and semi-translucent. 1. Phoradendron. Anthers i-celled ; pollen spinulose ; berry compressed, fleshy, opaque. 2. Razoumofskva. I. PHORADENDRON Nutt. I. Phoradendron juniperinum Engelm. Parasitic on species of Sahina from Colo, and Ore. to Tex. and Calif.; also in Mex. — Mancos; Hotchkiss; Pax- ton ranch. 2. RAZOUMOFSKYA Hoffm. Staminate flowers all or nearly all terminal on distinct peduncles, dichotomously paniculate (on Pinus Murrayana, contorta and divaricata). i. R. americana. Staminate flowers nearly all axillary, forming simple or compound spikes. Branches 1-2 mm. in diameter. Plant yellowish-green ; accessory branches of fruiting specimens flower- bearing. Spikes short, 3-s-flowered ; stems bluntly angled (on Pseiidotsiiga mucro- nata). 2. R. Douglasii. Spikes many-flowered; stems sharply angled (on Pinus flexilis). 3. R. cyanocarpa. LORANTHACEAE. 101 Plant greenish-brown ; accessory branches merely leaf-bearing (on Caryopitys edulis and monophylla). 4. R. divaricata. Branches 3-4 mm. in diameter (on Pinus scopulorum, and ponderosa). 5. R. cryptopoda. 1. Razoumofskya americana (Niitt.) Kuntze. (Arceuthobium Americanum Nutt.) Parasitic on Pinus Miirrayana, contorta and divaricata, from Sask. and B. C. to Colo, and Ore. — Dillon; Grand Lake; Sunset. 2. Razoumofskya Douglasii (Engelm.) Kuntze. (^A. Douglasii Engelm.) Parasitic on Psetidotsuga, from Ida. to N. M. — South Cheyenne Cation; El Paso Co. ; West Mancos Canon. 3. Razoumofskya cyanocarpa A. Nels. Parasitic on Pinus Hexilis, from Wyo. to Colo. — Cheyenne Mountain. 4. Razoumofskya divaricata (Engelm.) Kuntze. {A. divaricatum Engelm.) Parasitic on Caryopitys edulis and monophylla. — Mancos ; Dillon. 5. Razoumofskya cryptopoda (Engelm.) Coville. {Arceuthobium crypto- podum Engelm.; A. robustum Engelm.) Parasitic on Pinus scopulorum and ponderosa. — Between Sunshine and Ward, Boulder Co. ; West Indian Creek ; Custer Co. ; Stove Prairie Hill ; Rist Canon. Family 43. SANTALACEAE R. Br. Sandal-wood Family. I. COMANDRA Nutt. Bastard Toad-flax. I. Comandra pallida A. DC. On plains and hills from Man., Alb. and B. C. to N. M. and Utah. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Van Boxle's ranch, above Cimarron; Cucharas River,' below La Veta; Wahatoya Creek; Los Pinos; Steamboat Springs; Mancos; Fort Collins; Boulder; Dolores; along Poudre River; Horsetooth Gulch ; Colorado City ; Pinkham Creek, Larimer Co. Order 23. POLYGONALES. Family 44. POLYGONACEAE Lindl. Buckwheat Family. Flowers subtended by involucres; stamens 9. i. Eriogonum. Flowers not involucrate ; stamens 4-8. Stigmas tufted. Perianth 6-parted ; styles 3-parted ; achenes 3-angled. 2. Rumex. Perianth 4-parted ; style 2-parted ; achenes lenticular. 3. Oxyria. Stigmas capitate. Leaf-blades jointed at the base; ochreae 2-lobed, becoming lacerate; filaments at least the inner dilated. 4. Polygonum. Leaf-blades not jointed at the base; ochreae not 2-lobed; filaments slender. Ochreae cylindric, truncate. 5. Persicaria. Ochreae oblique, more or less open on the side facing the leaf. Simple strict herbs with terminal spikes ; perianth-lobes not keeled. 6. BiSTORTA. Twining vines with flowers in axillary clusters ; outer perianth-lobes winged or keeled. 7- Tiniaria. I. ERIOGONUM L. Achenes 3-winged ; perianth not accrescent. L Alata. Achenes merely 3-angled ; perianth accrescent in fruit. Perianth with a stipe-like base. Involucres in branching cymes. II. Eriantha. 102 rOLYGONACEAE. Involucres in simple or compound umbel-like or head-like clusters. Perianths hairy. III. Flava. Perianth glabrous. IV. Umbellata. Perianth without a stipe-like base. Ovaries and fruit pubescent : involucres few, capitate or subcymose. V. Lachnoc.vna. Ovaries and fruit glabrous or nearly so. Involucres in head-like or umbel-like clusters. Perianth-lobes very unequal. VI. Heterosepala. Perianth-lobes equal or nearly so. VII. Capitata. Involucres in open cymes. Cymes i -sided and spike-like. X. Virgata. Cymes dichotomous or trichotomous. Bracts scale-like. Involucres, except those in the forks of the inflorescence, sessile in the bractlets ; the uppermost conglomerate. Perennial with a suffruticose caudex or shrubby. VIII. CORVMBOSA. Annuals, erect and strict. IX. Annua. Involucres all peduncled, never conglomerate. XL Pedunculata. Bracts leaf-like. Primary cauline leaves scale-like, with a pair or a fascicle of well- developed secondary leaves in their axils. XII. Divaricata. Primary cauline leaves well developed, often also with secondary leaves in their axils. XIII. Foliosa. I. Alata. Involucres hairy, when mature 3-3.5 mm. long and 1.5-2 mm. wide; stem and leaves manifestly hairy. i. E. alatum. Involucres glabrous, when mature 2-2.5 mm. long and of the same width ; stem and leaves nearly glabrous. 2. E. triste. II. Eriantha. Perianth whitish ; styles hairy at least to the middle. 3. E. Jamesii. Perianth yellow ; styles hairy only at the base. Involucres 6-8 mm. long ; leaf-blades oblong to oblanceolate. 4. E. Bakeri. Involucres 9-10 mm. long; leaf-blades suborbicular to oval. 5. E. arcitatum. III. Flava. Stipe-like base of the perianth very short ; old leaf-bases permanently tomentose. Leaf-bases thickened ; perianth copiously white-pubescent ; leaf-blades silky above ; involucres usually several. 6. E. flavum. Leaf-bases not thickened ; perianth sparingly pubescent ; leaf-blades slightly floccose above ; involucres 1-3. 7- ■£• aureum. Stipe-like base of the perianth slender; old leaf-bases glabrous. 8. E. xanthum. IV. Umbellata. Perianth deep yellow. Umbels simple. Leaves densely tomentose beneath. 9- £• umbcllatum. Leaves almost glabrous at maturity. 10. E. unibelliferum. Umbels compound; leaves tomentose beneath. 11. £. croceum. Perianth cream-color. Perianth about 6 mm. long at maturity ; leaf -blades spatulate-oblong or elliptic, glabrous above at maturity. 12- -E- subalpinum. Perianth about 8 mm. long at maturity ; leaf-blades oval or ovate, permanently tomentose above. i3- E- latum. POLYGONACEAE. 103 V. Lachnogyna. Leaves and scape silky ; the latter elongated, i dm. or more high ; the former 2-4 cm. long, long-petioled ; blades oblanceolate to oblong, acute. Inflorescence irregularly branched. 14. E. lachnogynum. Inflorescence subcapitate. 15. £. Tetraneiiris. Leaves lanate, strongly revolute ; scape usually none. 16. E. acaule. VI. Heterosepala. Involucres about 7 mm. long; leaf -blades oval. 17. E, orthocaulum. Involucres 4-5 mm. long. Perianth bright yellow, or purplish ; leaf-blades about as broad as long. 18. E. ovalifolium. Perianth cream-colored to isabel-colored ; leaf-blades elliptic to oval or spatu- late, decidedly longer than broad. 19. E. ochroleucum. VII. Capitata. Perianth yellow. 20. E. chrysocephalum Perianth white or brownish or pinkish. Perianth pubescent. 21. £. multiceps. Perianth glabrous. Lobes of the involucres much shorter than the tube. 22. E. coloradense. Lobes of the involucres about as long as the tube. 23. E. pauciHorum. VIII. Corymbosa. Perianth yellow. Leaves crowded on the short branches of the caudex ; blades oblong to linear- oblong, flat. 24. E. campanulatum. Leaves more scattered on the elongated branches of the caudex ; blades nar- rowly linear, strongly revolute. 25. E. brevicaule. Perianth white or pinkish. Shrubs or herbaceous plants with a woody caudex, mostly over 2 dm. high ; leaves not heath-like. Flowering branches leafy only at the base. Involucres in the forks of the inflorescence sessile. Leaves mostly flat ; involucres narrowly turbinate ; perianth 2-2.5 mm. long. 26. E. lonchophyllum. Leaves mostly revolute ; involucres campanulate ; perianth 3-3.5 mm. long. 27. E. nudicaiile. Involucres in the forks of the inflorescence distinctly peduncled, at least the lower. Involucres broadly campanulate, about as wide as long. 28. E. scoparium. Involucres turbinate, decidedly longer than broad. Leaves narrowly linear-oblanceolate or linear, usually revolute. 29. E. tristichum. Leaves spatulate to oblanceolate, flat. 30. E. salicinum. Flowering branches leafy halfway or more. Leaf-blades relatively broad, broadly oblong to oval, obtuse. Involucres 4-5 mm. long. z^- E. F endlerianum. Involucres 2-2.5 mm. long. Branches of inflorescence divaricate. 32. E. divergens. Branches of inflorescence ascending. 33. E. corymbosum. Leaf-blades narrow, from spatulate to linear, acute. Leaf-blades spatulate or oblanceolate, mostly flat. Inflorescence many times compound; copiously branched; internodes long. Inflorescence tomentulose, broom-like, with strongly ascending branches; involucres about 1.5 mm. long. 34. E. effusum. 104 POLYGONACEAE. Inflorescence glabrous, lax with spreading branches; involucre 2-2.5 mm. long. 30. E. salicinum. Inflorescence less compound ; branches and internodes short, mostly spreading. 35. E. microthccum. Leaf-blades linear, revolute. 36. E. Simpsonii. Dwarf depressed undershrubs, less than i dm. high, with heath-like leaves. 2,7- E. contortum. IX. Annua. One species. 38. E. anniium. X. ViRGATA. Leaves crowded on the ends of the short caudex ; blades abruptly narrowed at the base or subcordate. 39- •£• racemosum. Leaves scattered on the fruticose branches ; blades tapering at the base. 40. E. IVrightii. XI. Pedunculata. Perianth glabrous. Scapes and branches glabrous. Peduncles erect or ascending. Perianth-lobes nearly equal and similar ; leaves glabrous. 41. E. Gordonii. Perianth-lobes very unequal and dissimilar ; leaves floccose beneath. Outer perianth-lobes dilated above; involucres about 1.5 mm. long. 42. E. rotundifolium. Outer perianth-lobes not dilated above ; involucres about 3 mm. long. 43. E. tenellum. Peduncles reflexed or deflexed. 44. E. cernuum. Scapes and branches villous or glandular, especially near the nodes. 45. E. trinervatum. Perianth glandular or pubescent. Scapes and branches glandular, especially near the nodes, not inflated. 48. E. glandulosum. Scapes and branches glabrous ; upper portion of the lower internodes of the scape infla'ted. Accessory branches at the lower forks of the inflorescence many and nearly as strong as the three main branches ; branches divaricate. 46. E. fusiforme. Accessory branches at the lower forks of the inflorescence none or few and small ; branches ascending. 47. E. inflatmn. XII. DiVARICATA. One species. 49. E. divaricatum. XIII. FOUOSA. One species. 50. E. salstiginosum. 1. Eriogonum alatum Torn. In sandy soil from Neb. and Wyo. to Tex. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-10,000 ft. — Headwaters of Clear Creek and alpine ridges east of Middle Park; plains and foot-hills near Boulder; Green Mountain Falls; Sand Creek Pass; South Park; Williams' Canon, near Pike's Peak; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Table Rock; Pagosa Springs; Thompson's Park, La Plata Mountains ; Spring Cafion ; Dillon Canon, near Trinidad ; plains, near foot-hills, Larimer Co. 2. Eriogonum triste S. Wats. (E. alatum glabriusciilum Torr.) Li sandy soil from Colo, to Tex. and N. M.— North Park; headwaters of Clear Creek and alpine ridges east of Middle Park. 3. Eriogonum Jamesii Benth. On plains and hills from Kans. and Colo, to Tex. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Headwaters of Platte River; Colorado POLYGONACEAE. 105 Springs; Durango; Middle Park; La Veta; Grand Junction; Morrison; Gun- nison ; Salida ; Sangre de Cristo Creek ; Red Rock Caiion, near Pike's Peak ; Rosita ; Buena Vista. 4. Eriogonum Bakeri Greene. (E. Havum vegetius T. & G. ; E. Jamesii flavescens S. Wats.; E. vegetius (T. & G.) Nels.) On plains and hills from Wyo. and Utah to N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 9000-10,000 ft. — Meadow Park; mountains between Sunshine and Ward; Bald Mountain, west of Loveland; Black Caiion; Horsetooth Gulch, Fort Collins; Poudre Canon; Moon's ranch. 5. Eriogonum arcuatum Greene. Mountains in Colo. — Alt. about 7000 ft. ; known only from the type locality. — Pagosa Springs. 6. Eriogonum flavum Nutt. (E. crassifolium Dougl.) On dry hills and mountains and in canons from Sask. and Alb. to Neb. and Colo. — Alt. 4000- 12,000 ft. — Headwaters of Clear Creek and alpine ridges east of Middle Park; plains and foot-hills near Boulder ; Sand Creek Pass ; Twin Lakes ; Medicine Bow Mountains; Minnehaha; Ruxton; Georgetown; Fossil Creek; Artists' Glen and Cheyenne Cafion, near Pike's Peak. 7. Eriogonum aureum Nutt. (£. chloranthum Greene.) Mountains of Colo. — Alt. 11,000-13,000 ft. — Mount Ouray; Marshall Pass. 8. Eriogonum xanthum Small. On exposed mountain tops in Colorado. — Alt. 12,000-14,000 ft. — Gray's Peak; spur of Mt. Harvard. 9. Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. On mountains and dry valleys in Wyo., Ida., Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 6000-12,000 ft. — Headwaters of Clear Creek and alpine ridges east of Middle Park; North Park; Arkansas Junction, near Leadville; plains and foot-hills near Boulder; mountains between Sunshine and Ward ; Gunnison ; Fort Collins ; Clear Creek Canon ; near Denver ; Man- cos; South Table Mountain, Golden; caiions and meadows, Ouray; Kelso Mountain ; Horsetooth Gulch ; Colorado and Wyoming State line ; near Nar- rows ; hills west of Soldier Caiion ; camp on Grizzly Creek, foot of Rabbit- Ear Range; Empire. 10. Eriogonum umbelliferum Small. Mountains from Wyo. and Nev. to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 7000-11,000 ft. — Veta Pass; Grayback mining camps; vicinity of Ouray; Redcliffe, Eagle Co.; Van Boxle's ranch, above Cimarron; Black Canon ; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek ; Glenwood Springs ; Leroux Creek, Delta Co. ; Lake Creek ; Middle Park ; Spicer, Larimer Co. 11. Eriogonum croceum Small. Mountains from Ida. and Wash, to Colo. — Alt. up to 9000 ft. — Hesperus ; Telluride ; Piedra. 12. Eriogonum subalpinum Greene. In dry mountain valleys from Alb. and B. C. to Colo, and Nev. — Alt. 5000-10,000 ft. — Headwaters of Arkansas River; Larimer Co.; near Pinkhampton, North Park; Arkansas Junction, near Lead- ville ; edge of Wyoming, North Park ; Crested Butte ; Dillon ; Idaho Springs ; South Park; Middle Park; foot of Mt. Richtofen, on the Michigan; north bank of Poudre River; forks of Poudre and Big South; Rustic; Empire; Pinkham Creek. 13. Eriogonum latum Small. In dry valleys and on plains from Mont, and Wash, to Colo, and Utah.— Alt. about 5000 ft. — ^Denver. 14. Eriogonum lachnogymum Torr. Dry plains and canons from Kans. and Colo, to Tex. and N. M. — Alt. about 5000 ft. — Brantly Canon, Las Animas Co. lOf) POLYGON ACEAE. 15. Eriogonum Tetraneuris Small. Dry mesas of Colorado. — Alt. about 5000 ft. — Bank of the Cimarron River; mesas near Pueblo. 16. Eriogonum acaule Nutt. On dry hills from Wyo. and Ida. to Colo. — " Soutlnvcst Colorado." 17. Eriogonum orthocaulum Small. Dry plains and hills from Alb. and Ida. to Colo, and Ncv. — Rifle, Garfield Co. 18. Eriogonum ovalifolium Nutt. Dry plains and hills from Mont, and Wash, to N. I\I. and Calif. — Alt. 6000-7000 ft. — Mancos; Grand Junction. 19. Eriogonum ochroleucum Small. Dry rocky hills from Mont, and Ida. to Colo, and Nev. — Grand Junction. 20. Eriogonum chrysocephalum A. Gray. {E. Kingii laxifolium T. & G. ; E. laxifolium A. Nels.) Dry hills and plains of Neb., Wyo., Colo, and Utah. — "Southern Colorado" {Brandcgce). 21. Eriogonum multiceps Nees. Dry plains and "bad-lands" from N. D. and Mont, to Neb. and Colo. — Exact locality not given. 22. Eriogonum coloradense Small. Mountain in Colo. — Mt. Harvard. 23. Eriogonum pauciflorum Pursh. In sandy soil in Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. up to 9000 ft.— Middle Park ; in low sandy valleys, North Park ; North Fork, Larimer Co. 24. Eriogonum campanulatum Nutt. Dry hills and plains from Neb. and Wyo. to Colo, and Utah. — " Colorado " {Parry) ; Middle Park. 25. Eriogonum brevicaule Nutt. On dry plains from Mont, to Colo, and Utah. — Egeria Park; Elk River, Routt Co. 26. Eriogonum lonchophyllum T. & G. On plains of N. M. and Colo. — Durango. 27. Eriogonum nudicaule (Torr.) Small. (£. effusiim nudicaiile Torn) Plains from Kans. and Utah to Tex. — Alt. about 7500 ft. — Cimarron. 28. Eriogonum scoparium Small. Plains of Colo, and N. M. — Alt. 5000- 8000 ft. — Vicinity of Gunnison; Denver; Durango; between Porter and Durango. 29. Eriogonum tristichum Small. Plains of Colo. — Alt. 5000-9000 ft. — Parlin, Gunnison Co.; Mesa Verde; Arboles; Black Canon, Gunnison; Durango. 30. Eriogonum salicinum Greene. Cafion in Colo. — Alt. about 7000 ft. ; known only from type locality. — Black Carions, near Gunnison. 31. Eriogonum Fendlerianum (Benth.) Small. (£. microthecum Fendleri- aniun Benth.) Dry plains of Colo, and N. M. — Alt. about 5000 ft. — Cafion City; Pueblo. 32. Eriogonum divergens Small. {E. corymbosum divaricatum Torr. ; not E. divaricatum Hook.) Dry plains from Colo, to Utah and Ariz. — Green River. 33. Eriogonum corymbosum Benth. Dry plains of Colo.- — Alt. 5000-7000 ft. — Along San Juan River; Grand River; Mancos. 34. Eriogonum effusum Nutt. Dry plains from Mont, to Neb. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Wahatoya Creek; Denver; Caiion City; vicinity of Boulder; Morrison; Golden; Buena Vista; Manitou ; New Windsor, Weld Co. ; mesas, Cucharas Valley, near La Veta ; Fort Collins ; headwaters of Clear Creek and alpine ridges east of Middle Park; Salida; Fort Collins; Table Rock; La Veta. POLYGON ACEAE. 107 35. Eriogonum microthecum Nutt. Dry plains from Mont, and Wash, to Colo, and Calif. — Colorado City; Beaver Creek. 36. Eriogonum Simpsonii Benth. Dry plains from Colo, to Tex. and Ariz. — San Luis Valley; Rio Florido. 37. Eriogonum contortum Small. Arid plains of western Colo. — Grand Junction. 38. Eriogonum annuum Nutt. In sandy soil from S. D. and Mont, to Tex. and Mex. — Alt. 4000-7500 ft. — Piney Creek of Grand River; Denver; Mani- tou; Ute Pass; Colorado Springs; Golden; Table Rock. 39. Eriogonum racemosum Nutt. Dry plains and hills from Colo, and Utah to Tex. and Ariz. — Alt. 6000-8000 ft. — Between Parrott and Hesperus; Jack's Cabin; Gunnison; hills about Box Caiion, west of Ouray; Dolores; Piedra; between Porter and Durango; Mancos; Durango. 40. Eriogonum Wrightii Torr. Dry plains from Colo, and Utah to Tex. and Calif.; also northern Mex. — "Colorado" (Thurber). 41. Eriogonum Gordonii Benth. Dry plains and " bad-lands " of Wyo. and Colo. — Canon City; Gunnison Valley; mesa, Montrose; Grand Junction. 42. Eriogonum rotundifolium Benth. Dry plains from Colo, to Tex. and N. M. ; also in northern Mex. — " Near the Rocky Mountains." 43. Eriogonum tenellum Torr. In arid places from Colo, to Tex. and Mex. — " Southwest Colorado." 44. Eriogonum cernuum Nutt. " Bad-lands," hills and in canons from Mont, and Ida. to Colo, and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-10,000 ft. — Caiion City; South Park; along the McElmo River ; Grand Junction ; along Platte River, near Denver ; Parlin, Gunnison Co.; Valley Spur; Granite; Buena Vista; Gunnison; Min- nehaha; Black Canon of the Gunnison; Troublesome; Upper Arkansas River; Bahia Salada, South Park; Sierra Blanca; Sargent's. 45. Eriogonum trinervatum Small. Arid places of Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Cimarron ; Grand Junction. 46. Eriogonum fusiforme Small. In sandy places and dry hills from Colo, to Utah and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-5000 ft. — Grand Junction ; Palisade, Mesa Co. ; dry adobe hills, between Delta and Hotchkiss. 47. Eriogonum inflatum Torr. In arid places from Colo, to Ariz, and Cal. — Alt. 4000-5000 ft. — On the Upper Colorado; Grand Junction. 48. Eriogonum glandulosum Nutt. (E. iiexiim Jones.) Arid places of Colo. — Alt. about 6000 ft. — McElmo Caiion; Grand Junction. 49. Eriogonum divaricatum Hook. Dry hills from Wyo. to Colo, and Ariz. — San Juan and Mancos Valleys (Brandegec). 50. Eriogonum salsuginosus Hook. In dry alkaline soil from Wyo. to Utah and N. M. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Near the Mancos River; Grand Junction; McElmo Canon ; San Juan Valley. 2. RUMEX L. Sorrel, Dock. Flowers dioecious ; foliage acid. Leaves with auricled or hastate bases. i. R. Acetosella. Leaves narrowed at the base, neither auricled nor hastate. Flowers perfect, or andro-polygamous ; foliage not acid. Inner perianth-lobes entire, undulate or denticulate. Inner perianth-lobes without tubercles. 2. R. pauciflorus. 108 POLYGONACEAE. Inner perianth-lobes in fruit over 2 cm. broad, plants with deep-seated woody rootstock. 3. R. vcnosus. Inner perianth-lobes in fruit less than 1.5 cm. in diameter. Plants with clusters of tuberous roots ; inner perianth-lobes in fruit 1-1.5 cm. broad. Achene about 7 mm. long ; inner perianth-lobes in fruit broader than long; plant low. 4- R- salinus. Achenes about 5 mm. long ; inner perianth-lobes in fruit longer than broad. 5. R. hymenoscpalus. Plants with taproots or thickened rootstocks ; inner perianth-lobes in fruit 5-10 mm. wide. Plants low, less than 3 dm. high, with short tuber-like rootstock ; fruit maturing before the inner perianth-lobes become enlarged. 6. R. praecox. Plant tall, not with a tuber-like rootstock ; inner perianth-lobes well enlarged in fruit. Inner perianth-lobes in fruit with roimded apex, not conspicuously punctate. 7. R. occidentalis. Inner perianth-lobes abruptly pointed, conspicuously punctate. Fruiting inner perianth-lobes broader than long, sinuate on the margin. 8. R. densiftorus. Fruiting inner perianth-lobes longer than broad, sharply dentate. 9. R. subalpinus. Inner perianth-lobes or at least one of them bearing a tubercle in fruit. Only one tubercled. Leaves dark green, more or less crisp ; fruiting inner perianth-lobes 8-9 mm. broad, reniform. 10. R. Patientia. Leaves pale green, not crisp ; fruiting inner perianth-lobes 5-6 mm. broad, deltoid ovate. 11. R. altissimus. All three petals bearing tubercles. Leaves wavy-margined, dark green, not glauccscent. 12. R. crispus. Leaves flat, light green and glaucescent. 13. R. salicifolius. Inner perianth-lobes in fruit spinulose on the margin. Tall plants ; lower leaf-blades cordate at the base ; one tubercle. 14. R. ohtusif alius. Low plants ; lower leaf-blades narrowed at the base ; 3 tubercles. 15. R. persicarioides. 1. Rumex Asetosella L.' In waste places, old fields, roadsides, etc., from Lab. and Alaska to Fla. and Calif. ; introduced from Europe. — Alt. about 5000 ft— Boulder. 2. Rumex pauciflorus Nutt. {R. Geyeri (Meisn.) Trelease.) In meadows from Mont, and Wash, to Colo, and Calif. — Continental Divide, Larimer Co. ; Steamboat Springs ; Rabbit-Ears. 3. Rumex venosus Pursh. In sandy soil from Ass. and Wash, to Kans. and Nev. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Cucharas River, below La Veta; Fort Collins; Pleasant Valley; upper part of Platte; Miller's ranch; Bingham Hill; Pueblo; Wray; Colorado Springs. 4. Rumex salinus A. Nels. In sandy soil in Wyo. and Colo. — Palisades. 5. Rumex hymenosepalus Torn In sandy soil from Ind. Terr, and Utah to Tex. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Grayback mining camps ; Grand Junc- tion. 6. Rumex praecox Rydb. Along brooks in the higher mountains of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 8000-10,000 ft. — Grayback mining camps ; Bob Creek, west La Plata Mountains. POLYGONACEAE. 109 7. Rumex occidentalis S. Wats. In wet ground from Alb. and B. C. to N. M. and Calif.— Alt. 5000-8000 ft. — West Cliff; Hot Sulphur Springs; Steamboat Springs; Veta Pass; Mountain View, Pike's Peak; Gunnison; Idaho Springs ; Pine Creek ; Twin Lakes ; Parlin, Gunnison Co. ; forks of White River. 8. Rumex densiflorus Osterh. (R. Bakeri Greene.) In wet ground in Wyo. and Colo.— Alt. up to 10,000 ft. — Idaho Springs; North Park; Gunni- son; Fort Collins; summit of North Park Range, Routt Co. 9. Rumex subalpinus M. E. Jones. In swampy ground in the mountains of Colo, and Utah. — Alt. about 10,000 ft. — Keblar Pass; Pagosa Peak; Cam- eron Pass; North Park; Deadman Canon. 10. Rumex Patientia L. Cultivated and occasionally escaped from Mass. and N. J. to Utah; native of Europe. — Pass Creek; Little Kate Basin (?). 11. Rumex altissimus Wood. In valleys and wet places from Mass. and Wash, to Va. and Colo. — Mouth of Deer Creek. 12. Rumex crispus L. In waste places from Newf. and Mont, to Fla. and Calif. ; introduced from Europe. — Alt. about 5000 ft. — Fort Collins. 13. Rumex salicifolius Weim. Along rivers and lakes from Ont. and Alaska to Tex. and Calif. ; also in Mex.— Alt. 4000-10,000 ft.— Zola ; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Calhan; Fort Collins; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta; La Plata; Boulder; New Windsor; Robinson; Alamosa; Pitkin; Empire; Pueblo; Steamboat Springs. 14. Rumex obtusifolius L. In waste places from Vt. and Neb. to Ga. and Colo. ; introduced from Europe. — Alt. about 5000 ft. — Fort Collins. 15. Rumex persicarioides L. {R. maritimus L.) In or near water from Que. and B. C. to N. C. and Calif .—Parlin ; Gunnison; Canon City; Higho; New Windsor; Steamboat Springs; above Bents' Fort. 3. OXYRIA Hill. Mountain Sorrel. I. Oxyria digyna (L.) Compt. In the mountains among rocks from Greenl. and Alaska to N. H., Colo., Ariz, and Calif.; also in Europe and Asia. — Alt. 9000-14,000 ft. — Cameron Pass; headwaters of Clear Creek; Ouray; Bottom- less Pit, Pike's Peak; Mt. Harvard; Red Mountain, south of Ouray; Red- clifife; Ironton; Clear Lake; Pagosa Peak; Mt. Hesperus; Chambers' Lake; Berthoud Pass; Beaver Creek; Graymont; Hahn's Peak. 4. POLYGONUM L. Knot-weed. Fruit erect. Inflorescence of small axillary clusters, scattered more or less throughout the plant ; all with elongated stems or branches ; perianth-lobes never keeled near the apex. Plants copiously leafy throughout ; upper leaves scarcely reduced, more crowded. Perianth-lobes with yellowish green margins ; plant erect with spreading branches in age, leaves broad, yellowish green. i. P. erectum. Perianth-lobes with white, pink or purplish margins ; plants prostrate or diffusely spreading ; leaves from bright to pale bluish green. Leaves thick, prominently veined, usually pale ; ocrea very conspicuous ; faces of the achenes granular. 2. P. buxiforme. Leaves thin, not prominently veined, bright green; ocrea not conspicuous; faces of the achenes finely striate. 3- P- avictilare. 110 POLYGON ACEAE. Plants with the upper leaves more scattered and reduced, mostly erect perennials. Upper bracts not subulate ; achencs dull. Lobes of the perianth with yellowish margins; perianth 3-4 mm. long; achenes about 3 mm., nearly smooth. 4. F. ramosissimum. Lobes of the perianth with whitish or pinkish margins ; perianth 2-3 mm. long; achenes 2-2.5 mm. long, distinctly granulate or striate. 5. P. rubcscens. Upper bracts subulate ; achenes smooth and shiny. 6. P. sawatchetxse. Inflorescence aggregated at the ends of the branches ; bracts leaf-like and usu- ally broader than the narrowly linear leaves ; plants dwarf annuals. None of the perianth-lobes keeled. Leaves several, gradually merging into the bracts ; achenes blunt-angled and strongly striate. 7- J^- IVdsonii. Leaf usually solitary and much longer than the bracts ; achenes sharp-angled and obscurely striate. 8. P. unifolium. Some of the perianth-lobes keeled near the apex. 9. P. Kelloggii. Fruit reflexed. Upper bracts much reduced and subulate. Perianth 1.5-2 mm. long; leaves narrowly linear; achenes exerted. 10. P. Engelmannii. Perianth 4-5 mm. long ; lower leaves oblanceolate to linear-oblanceolate ; achenes included. 11. P. Douglasii. Upper bracts foliaceous, relatively broad, lanceolate or oblong. Achenes included. 12. P. montanum. Achenes exserted. i3- P- commixtum. 1. Polygonum erectum L. In waste places from Me. and Alb. to Ga. and Ark. and Kans. Also reported from Colorado, but no exact locality given. 2. Polygonum buxiforme Small. {P. litorale Small, in part) In sandy and alkaline soil from Ont. and Wash, to Va., Tex. and Nev. — Alt. 4000-10,000 ft. — Georgetown; Silver Plume; along Platte River, Denver; Montrose; Fort Collins; Colorado Springs. 3. Polygonum aviculare L. In waste grounds from Newf. and Sask. to Va. and Calif.; introduced from Europe. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Fort Collins; Gunnison. 4. Polygonum ramosissimum Michx. In river valleys and low ground from Minn, and Wash, to Ills., N. M. and Nev. — Alt. 4000-10,000 ft.— Cheyenne Mountain ; Fort Collins ; Upper La Plata Cafion. 5. Polygonum rubescens Small. In sandy soil from Ida. to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 4500-8000 ft. — Parlin, Gunnison Co. ; Larimer Co. 6. Polygonum sawatchense Small. On hillsides from S. D. and Wash, to Colo., Ariz, and Calif. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Saguache Range; Box Caiion, west of Ouray ; Calhan ; Veta Pass ; Estes Park. 7. Polygonum Watsonii Small. {Polygonum imbricatum S. Wats.) In wet places from Mont, and Wash, to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 6000-10,000 ft. — South Park; Leroux Park; Upper West Mancos Canon; Chambers' Lake. 8. Polygonum unifolium Small. In wet places from Mont, to Colo. — Ten- nessee Pass. 9. Polygonum Kelloggii Greene. In wet soil from Wash, and Mont, to Calif. — Alt. 6000-10,000 ft. — Steamboat Springs; Bard Creek Valley, near Empire. 10. Polygonum Engelmannii Greene. (P. tenuc microspermum Engelm.) On hillsides and mountains from Mont, and B. C. to Colo. — Alt. 5000-10,000 POLYGONACEAE. Ill ft. — Georgetown; Golden; Bergen Park; Idaho Springs; Boulder; Manitou; Dale Creek; Lower Boulder Canon. 11. Polygonum Douglasii Greene. (P. tenue Coulter; not Michx.) On hillsides and in sandy soil from Vt. and B. C. to N. Y., N. M. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-10,000 ft. — Larimer Co. ; Brantly Caiion, Las Animas Co. ; Pagosa Springs; Wahatoya Creek; caiions west of Ouray (broad-leaved form); Sheepshorn Divide, Middle Park; Pagosa Peak (broad-leaved) ; Eagle River; Boulder; Soldier Canon; Big Creek Gulch; Walton Creek; Arthur's Rock; Bosworth ranch; Horsetooth Gulch; Chambers' Lake; Boulder; Golden; Idaho Springs. A form more branched at the base is Polygonum Douglasii consimile (Greene) Small. (P. consimile Greene) — Lower Bonder Cafion. 12. Polygonum montanum (Small) Greene. (P. tenue latifolium Engelm.) In the mountains from Alb. to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 8000-12,000 ft. — Mar- shall Pass; Red Mountain; Ironton Park; North Park; Mt. Harvard; Silver Plume ; White River Plateau. 13. Polygonum commixtum Greene. In the mountains from Colo, to Mont. — Alt. 8000-12,000 ft. — Silver Plume ; Grizzly Creek ; Cameron Pass ; Mt. Robinson ; summit of mountains west of North Park. 5. PERSICARIA Adans. Smart-weed, Lady's Thumb, Racemes terminal only and usually solitary ; plants aquatic. Ocrea without a spreading foliaceous top. Plant usually floating ; leaf-blades of an oblong type, glabrous, acute or obtuse. I. P. coccinea. Plant usually diffuse and emersed ; leaf-blades of a lanceolate type, pubescent, acuminate. 2. P. Muhlenhergii. Ocrea with a spreading foliaceous top ; leaf-blades narrowly oblong or lanceolate (broader in floating forms), pubescent. 3. P. H artwrightii. Racemes axillary as well as terminal, numerous. Ocrea without marginal bristles. Racemes erect ; glands on the branches and inflorescence numerous, stalked. 4. P. omissa. Racemes drooping ; glands on the branches and inflorescence sessile. Styles united only at the base. 5. P. incarnata. Styles united to about the middle. Leaves deep green on both sides. 6. P. lapathifolia. Leaves pale beneath. 7. P. incana. Ocrea bristle-fringed. Racemes oblong or cylindric, densely flowered, about i cm. thick in fruit ; perianth not punctate, usually pink to red-purple. 8. P. Persicaria. Racemes slender, loosely flowered, about 5 mm. thick in fruit ; perianth white or pale-green, copiously punctate. Racemes erect ; achenes smooth and shining. 9. P. punctata. Racemes nodding, at least in fruit ; achenes granular and dull. 10. P. Hydropiper. 1. Persicaria coccinea (Muhl.) Greene. {Polygonum amphihium Hook.; not L. ; P. coccineum Muhl.) In water or rarely in mud from Me. and Alaska to N. J. and Calif.— Alt. up to 9000 ft— West Cliff, Pike's Peak; McCoy; Ouray; Veta Mountain; Hamor's Lake; Gunnison. 2. Persicaria Muhlenhergii (S. Wats.) Small. (Polygonum Muhlenhergii S. Wats.) In swamps, mud and shallow water from Me. and B. C. to Va. \ 112 POLYGONACEAE. and Calif. ; also in Mex. — Alt. up to 6000 ft.— Uncompahgre Mountains, near Los Pinos; Fort Collins; Alamosa. 3. Persicaria Hartwrightii (A. Gray) Small. {Polygonum Hartwrightii A. Gray.) In wet places and sliallow water from Me. and Wash, to Pa. and Calif.^ — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Canon City; Denver. 4. Persicaria omissa (Greene) Small. {Polygonum Pennsylvanicum Coult. ; not L. ; P. omissum Greene.) In wet ground and dried up ponds in Kans. and Colo. — Alt. up to 5000 ft. — Loveland, Larimer Co. 5. Persicaria incarnata (Ell.) Small. {Polygonum incarnatum Ell.) In wet soil from Vt. and Ida. to Fla. and Calif. — Alt. up to 5000 ft. — Fort Col- lins ; New Windsor. 6. Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) S. F. Gray. {Polygonum lapathifolium L.) In wet soil from Que. and B. C. to Fla. and Calif; also in Mex., W. Ind., Europe and Asia. — Alt. up to 5000 ft. — Fort Collins. 7. Persicaria incana (Koch) S. F. Gray. {Polygonum lapathifolium in- canum Koch.) In swamps from Newf. and B. C. to N. Y. and Colo. — Alt. up to 6000 ft. — Alamosa. 8. Persicaria Persicaria (L.) Small. {Polygonum Persicaria L.) In waste places and rich ground from Newf. and B. C. to Fla. and Calif. ; also in Mex. and Europe. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Boulder; Livermore; Fort Collins. 9. Persicaria punctata (Ell.) Small. {Polygonum punctatum Ell.) In swamps and wet places from Me. and Wash, to Fla. and Calif. ; also in Mex., Cent. Am., W. Ind. and S. Am. — Alt. up to 5000 ft. — Fort Collins; plains near Boulder. 10. Persicaria Hydropiper (L.) Opiz. {Polygonum Hydropiper L.) In wet places from Newf. and B. C. to Ga. and Calif. ; also in Mex., Cent. Am. and Europe. — Alt. 4000-5000 ft. — Fort Collins ; Denver. 6. BISTORTA Tourn. Bistort. Racemes not viviparous (not bulblet bearing), oblong, 1-2 cm. thick. Perianth 5-6 mm. long ; leaf-blades lanceolate, oblong or oblanceolate. I. B. bistortoides. Perianth 3-4 mm. long ; basal leaf-blades linear. 2. B. Imearifolia. Racemes viviparous (bulblet bearing below), linear, 5-8 mm. thick. 3. B. vivipara. 1. Bistorta bistortoides (Pursh) Small. {Polygonum Bistorta oblongi- folium Meisn.) In wet meadows and swamps in the mountains from Mont, and Wash, to N. M. and Calif. — Alt. 7000-13,000 ft. — "Rocky Mountains"; Lake City ; Halfway House, Pike's Peak ; Cabin Caiion ; Mt. Harvard ; Colum- bine ; South Park ; Mt. Garfield ; Pagosa Peak ; Grayback mining camps and Placer Gulch ; Garden of the Gods ; Ruxton ; Cameron Pass ; Graymont ; Chicken Creek, West La Plata Mountains; Marshall Pass; Oak Mesa; Beaver Creek, Larimer Co. ; Boreas ; Gore Pass. 2. Bistorta linearifolia (S. Wats.) Greene. {Polygonum Bistorta lineari- folium S. Wats.) In alpine swamps and along streams from Mont, to Colo, and Nev. — Alt. 7000-10,000 ft. — Alpine ridges east of Middle Park; "Rocky Mountains " ; Pike's Peak. 3. Bistorta vivipara (L.) S. F. Gray. {P. viviparum L.) In alpine or sub- POLYGONACEAE. 133 arctic swamps from Greenl. and Alaska to N. H. and Colo. ; also Europe and Asia. — Alt. 8000-12,000 ft. — Alpine Tunnel; Grand Lake; Robinson; Seven Lakes ; Little Kate Basin, La Plata Mountains ; West Spanish Peak ; Cameron Pass ; Indian Creek Pass ; White River Plateau ; Gray's Peak ; North Park; Eldora to Baltimore; Beaver Creek; Cameron Pass; Gore Pass; Graymont. 7. TINIARIA Reichenb. False Buckwheat. Outer sepals merely keeled at maturity. T. Convolvulus. Outer sepals developing conspicuous wings. T. scandens. 1. Tiniaria Convolvulus (L.) Webb. & Moq. {Polygonum Convolvulus L.) Among bushes from N. S. and B. C. to Fla. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Box Canon, west of Ouray ; Engelmann Caiion ; Fort Collins ; Colorado Springs. 2. Tiniaria scandens (L.) Small. {Polygonum scandens L.) In thickets from N. S. to Mont., Fla., La. and Colo. — Exact locality not given. Order 24. CHENOPODIALES. Fruit a utricle, achene or anthocarp, indehiscent, circumscissile or bursting irregularly. Fruit a utricle. Stipules wanting. Bracts not scarious. 45- Chenopodiaceae. Bracts scarious. 46. Amaranthaceae. Stipules present, scarious. 47- Corrigiolaceae. Fruit an anthocarp, the achene surrounded by the tube of the corolla-like calyx. 48. Allioniaceae. Fruit a capsule, dehiscent by apical or longitudinal valves. Ovary several-celled : corolla wanting. 49. Tetragon iaceae. Ovary i-celled ; corolla mostly present. Sepals, 2 ; or, if more (in Lezvisia), plant scapose, with fleshy basal leaves and the flowers solitary on a jointed scape. 50. Portulacaceae. Sepals, 4-5 ; plants leafy-stemmed. Sepals distinct; petals not clawed; ovary sessile. 51. Alsinaceae. Sepals united ; petals clawed ; ovary more or less distinctly stipitate. 52. Carvophyllaceae. Family 45. CHENOPODIACEAE Dumort. Goosefoot Family. Embryo annular. Stems and branches not jointed; leaves not scale-like. Flowers perfect, all with perianth, not inclosed in a pair of bracts. Fruit inclosed in the calyx. Calyx in fruit not transversely winged. Sepals 3-5, stamens 1-5. Fruiting calyx herbaceous. i. Chenopodium. Fruiting calyx fleshy, red. 2. Blitum. Sepals I ; stamens i. 4. Monolepis. Calyx in fruit transversely winged. Flowers paniculate ; leaves ample, sinuate, flat. 3. Cycloloma. Flowers spicate ; leaves linear, terete. 9. Kochia. Fruit laterally flattened, exserted from the marcescent calyx. 10. CORIOSPERMUM. 114 CHENOPODIACEAE. Flowers monoecious or dioecious : tlie i)istillate inclosed in two accrescent bractlets. Pericarp not hairy. Bracts compressed, i. c, with one side towards the axis : leaves more or less farinose ; testa mostly coriaceous. 5. Atriplex. Bracts ob-compressed, 1. c, with one edge towards the axis ; testa mem- branous. Pericarp hastate with crested marfiins, 2-toothed apex : more or less farinaceous herbs with toothed leaves. 6. Suckleya. Pericarp obovate or orbicular, entire ; undershrubs with entire leaves. 7. Grayia. Pericarp densely hairy, conical ; low and tomentose shrubs. 8. EUROTIA. Stems and branches fleshy, jointed; leaves scale-like. 11. Salicornia. Embryo spirally coiled. Shrubs with monoecious bractless flowers ; staminate flowers in spikes, without perianth ; pistillate ones solitary, axillary ; fruiting calyx transversely winged. 12. Sarcobatus. Herbs with perfect bracteolate flowers. Fruiting calyx transversely winged; leaves spiny. 14. Salsola. Fruiting calyx not winged; leaves fleshy, not spiny. 13. Dondia. I. CHENOPODIUM L. Goosefoot, Lamb's Quarters, Pig-weed. Leaves more or less mealy or glabrate, never glandular or sweet-scented, sinuately lobed, dentate or entire : embryo forming a complete ring. Stamens 5 ; calyx not at all fleshy in fruit. Leaves entire or sinuately toothed, but not with large, divaricate teeth ; seeds 1-1.5 mm. in diameter. Calyx lobes carinate ; at least the upper panicles exceeding the leaves. Pericarp easily separating from the seeds. Leaves linear or oblong, entire or slightly sinuately toothed. Leaves thin, linear ; inflorescence not very dense ; spikes somewhat interrupted below. 1. C. Icptophylhim. Leaves thick, oblong ; inflorescence dense and crowded. Plant densely mealy, yellowish. Plant tall with nearly erect branches. _'. C. oblongifolium. Plant low with spreading-ascending branches. 3. C. desiccatum. Plant only slightly mealy, dark green. 4. C. WoWi. Leaves broadly ovate or triangular, more or less hastate at the base. Plant densely mealy ; leaves rather thick. Plant low and spreading. 5. C. incanum. Plant tall and erect. 6. C. albescens. Plant sparingly mealy ; leaves very thin. 7. C. Fremontii. Pericarp firmly attached to the seed. Leaves subentire or merely hastately toothed. Leaves thick, more or less mealy ; none of them cuspidate. 8. C. Watsonii. Leaves thin, glabrate, all or the upper usually cuspidate. 9. C. Berlandieri. Leaves more or less sinuately dentate ; inflorescence dense. 10. C. album. Calyx lobes not carinate ; panicles mostly axillary, shorter than the leaves. 11. C. glaxiciim. Leaves with large divergent acute lobes ; seeds about 2 mm. in diameter. 12. C. hybridum. Stamens 1-2 ; calyx reddish and slightly fleshy in fruit. Plant usually over i dm. high, erect ; leaves usually more or less toothed. 13. C. rubnim. CHENOPODIACEAE. 115 Plant less than i dm. high, prostrate ; leaves entire or merely hastately toothed. 14. C. humile. Leaves glandular, sweet-scented, pinnately lobed ; embryo horseshoe-shaped. Lobes of the leaves rounded or broadly oblong, more or less toothed. 15. C. Botrys. Lobes of the leaves lanceolate, entire. 16. C. cornutum. 1. Chenopodium leptophyllum Nutt. On prairies, in waste places and fields from Neb. to Mont., Mo. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Gunnison ; Buena Vista; Deer Run, Gunnison watershed; entrance to Grand Canon, 15 miles from Grand Junction. 2. Chenopodium oblongifolium (S. Wats.) Rydh. (C. leptophyllum oblon- gifolium S. Wats.) On dry prairies and plains from N. D. to Wyo., Mo., Tex. and Ariz. — Atl. 4000-7000 ft. — Crow Creek ; foot-hills, Larimer Co. ; Fort Collins ; Wray. 3. Chenopodium desiccatum Aven Nelson. Dry waste places in Colo. — Fort Collins. 4. Chenopodium Wolfii Rydb. In dry places in the mountains of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 7000-10,000 ft. — Twin Lakes; Cheyenne Mountain; Crow Creek; Grizzly Creek ; Parlin, Gunnison Co. ; Steamboat Springs. 5. Chenopodium incanum (S. Wats.) Heller. (C. Frcmontii incanum S. Wats.) In dry grounds, especially in prairie dog towns. — Alt. 4000-5000 ft. —Crow Creek; Fort Collins. 6. Chenopodium albescens Small. In dry soil from Tex. to Colo. — Durango. 7. Chenopodium Fremontii S. Wats. Among bushes and in canons from S. D. to Mont., N. M. and Ariz. ; also in Mex. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Vicinity of Fort Collins; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Minnehaha; southeast of Ouray; Poudre Canon. 8. Chenopodium Watsonii A. Nelson. (C. olidum S. Wats.) In dry places from Colo, to Ariz. — Alt. up to 10,000 ft. — ^Valley Spur. 9. Chenopodium Berlandieri Moq. In dry soil from Mo. to Wyo., Fla. and Tex. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Sheepshorn Divide, North Park ; near Pagosa Peak ; Huerfano Valley. 10. Chenopodium album L. In fields and w-aste places ; introduced and naturalized from Europe; from Newf. to Alb., Fla. and Calif.^Gunnison ; about Fort Collins. 11. Chenopodium glaucum L. In alkaline soil from Alb. to Colo, and Utah; also in Europe. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — -Walsenburg; Steamboat Springs; New Windsor; Gunnison; La Veta ; above Palisade. 12. Chenopodium hybridum L. In waste places and around dwellings from Que. to B. C, N. Y. and Utah.— Alt. 4000-8000 ft.— Park Range; Steamboat Springs ; Mancos ; Hotchkiss, Larimer Co. ; Johnston Cafion ; Gunnison ; Horsetooth Gulch ; gulch west of Soldier Caiion ; Big Creek Gulch. 13. Chenopodium rubrum (L.) Reichenb. In alkaline flats and meadows from N. Y. to Alb., Mo. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Hot Springs in San Luis Valley; Mt. Harvard; Gunnison; West Clifif; Delta; north of Trap- per's Lake ; falls of the Poudre. 14. Chenopodium humile Hook. In alkaline meadows from Mont, to B. C, Neb. and Colo. — Alt. up to 8000 ft. — Gunnison. 116 CHENOPODIACEAE. 15. Chenopodiura Botrys I.. In waste places from N. S. to P.. C, Ga. and Calif.; also Mcx.— Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Plains and foot-hills near Boulder; Ouray; Idaho Springs; Box Canon, west of Ouray; Clear Creek Canon, above Golden. 16. Chenopodium cornutum B. & H. In dry places from Colo, to N. M. and Ariz.; also in Mex. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Huerfano Co.; Buena Vista; Little Veta Mountain. 2. BLITUM L. Strawberry Bute. Leaves more or less dentate, truncate or broadly cuneate at the base ; inflorescence dense and leafy. i. B. capitatum. Leaves entire, except the hastate teeth at the cuneate base ; inflorescence slender and naked above. 2. B. hastatum. 1. Blitum capitatum L. In rocky soil from N. S. to Alaska, N. J. and Calif. — Alt. 6000-10,000 ft. — Mountains between Sunshine and Ward, Boulder Co.; Hamor's Lake, above Durango; Georgetown; Sangre de Cristo Creek; North Park; Gunnison; Veta Pass; La Veta; Minnehaha; Ouray; Brecken- ridge; Anchor; Poudre Cafion ; Elizabethtown; Chambers' Lake; Buena Vista; forks of Poudre and Big-tooth. 2. Blitum hastatum Rydb. In stony ground from Wyo. to Utah and Colo. — Alt. 6000-9500 ft. — Big Creek Gulch, Routt Co. ; Trapper's Lake. 3. CYCLOLOMA Moq. I. Cycloloma atriplicifolium (Spreng.) Coult. (C. platyphyUmn Moq.) In sandy soils from Ont. to Mont., Ark. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — La Salle; Denver; New Windsor, Weld Co.; near Boulder; Elk Cafion. 4. MONOLEPIS Schrad. Leaves lanceolate, hastately lobed, flower clusters several flowered ; pericarp some- what fleshy. I. M. Nuttalliana. Leaves spatulate, entire; flower-clusters 1-3-flowered ; pericarp thin. 2. M. pusilla. 1. Monolepis Nuttalliana (R. & S.) Engelm. (M. chenopodioides Moq.) In alkaline soil from Minn, to Wash., Tex. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Near Bents' Fort; valley near Empire; Sangre de Cristo Creek; headwaters of Pass Creek; Arboles; Durango; vicinity of Fort Collins; Gunnison; New Windsor, Weld Co. ; Buena Vista ; Montrose ; Platte River Valley ; Grand Junction; Fort Collins. 2. Monolepis pusilla Torn In alkaline soil from Wyo. and Colo, to Calif. — Grand Junction. 5. ATRIPLEX L. Orache. Annuals. Bracts united only at the base ; radicle inferior. Bracts thin, broadly ovate, mucronate. 17. A. Iwrtensis. Bracts thick, deltoid or lanceolate, acute. Stem tall, erect ; leaves broadly ovate or triangular-hastate. I. A. carnosa. Stem low, 2-4 dm. high, spreading or ascending; leaf-blades lanceolate, hastately lobed. 2. A. siibspicata. CHENOPODIACEAE. 117 Bracts united to above the middle ; radicle superior. Bracts ustially broadly cuneate, truncate at the apex, seldom with tubercles ; leaves linear. 3. A. IVolfii. Bracts rhombic-orbicular, conspicuously toothed and appendaged, or tubercled on the back ; leaf -blades rhombic, cordate br ovate. Leaf-blades large, more or less hastate, truncate or cuneate at the base. Leaf-blades rhombic-deltoid, minutely scurfy, acute. Leaves subsessile or the lower short petioled with winged petioles, very thin ; plant a thumble-weed, 1-3 m. in diameter. 4. A. cxpansa. Leaves petioled, firmer ; plant scarcely a thumble-weed. 5. A. argentea. Leaf-blades subcordate, coarsely scurfy, obtuse. 6. A. cornuta. Leaf-blades small, i Cm. or less, ovate-lanceolate, rounded at the base, sub- sessile, firm. 7. A. philonitra. Perennials. Bracts not winged on the back. Bracts with entire margins or merely wavy, without appendages on the back ; leaf-blades entire, broadly oval. 8. A. confertifolia. Bracts either with a distinctly toothed margin or appendaged on the back, or both. Bracts broadest above the middle. Bracts 3-toothed, only rarely tubercled on the back. 9. A. eremicola. Bracts entire, strongly tubercled or appendaged on the back. 10. A. corrugata. Bracts broadest below the middle, strongly tubercled or appendaged ; leaf-blades oblanceolate to spatulate. Leaf-blades oblanceolate or narrowly spatulate, subsessile or short- petioled. Low ; leaves usually short-petioled ; staminate flowers brown-puberu- lent, in panicles. 11. A. oblanceolata. Usually tall ; leaves subsessile ; staminate flower yellow in inter- rupted spikes. 12. A. Nuttallii. Leaf-blades broadly spatulate, distinctly petioled ; staminate spikes brown, interrupted. 13. A. ciineata. Bracts broadly 4-winged on the back. Wings thick, laciniate-toothed. 14. A. odontoptera. Wings thin, sinuately dentate or subentire. ^^■ ings when fully developed 4-6 mm. wide, distinctly dentate ; leaves broad, linear-oblong to spatulate. 15. A. ccuicsccns. Wings very broad and thin, fully 8 mm. wide, merely sinuate ; leaves linear. 16. A. occidentalis. 1. Atriplex carnosa A. Nels. {A. patnla liastata of Coulter's Man.) In alkaline or saline meadows from Nebr. to Mont, and Kan. — Fort Collins. 2. Atriplex subspicata (S. Wats.) Rydb. (A. patula subspicata S. Wats.) In alkaline soil from N. D. to ]Mont., Colo, and Utah. — Alt. up to 9500 ft. — Pitkin; Delta. 3. Atriplex Wolfii S. Wats. In alkaline soil, in Wyo. and Colo. — San Luis Valley; Saguache. 4. Atriplex expansa S. Wats. (A. pabularis A. Nels.) In alkaline soil from Ind. Terr, to Mont., Tex. and Calif. — About Fort Collins ; Delta. 5. Atriplex argentea Nutt. In alkaline flats and dry lakes from N. D. to B. C, Kans. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-5000 ft. — Grand Junction ; Mancos ; Pueblo ; vicinity of Fort Collins. 6. Atriplex cornuta M. E. Jones. In alkaline soil from Colo, to Utah. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Colorado Springs. lis CHENOPODIACEAE. 7. Atriplex philonitra A Xcls. In .'ilkaliiu- soil, in the pl;iiii regions of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-5000 ft. — Mancos; (jrand Junction; plains of the San Juan; Hotchkiss; hitwccn Hotchkiss and Smith's l'"ork ; Delta Co. 8. Atriplex confertifolia S* Wats. On mesas and alkaline flats from Wyo. to Nev.. Colo., Ariz, and Calif. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Pueblo; Mancos; Rifle, Garfield Co.; Denver; Grand Junction; Deer Run; Delta; Hotchkiss; Pali- sades. 9. Atriplex eremicola Osterh. On saline bottom-lands and dry plains in southern Wyo. and northern Colo. — North Park; Grand Junction. 10. Atriplex corrugata Watson. On arid plains of Colo. — Hotchkiss, Delta Co. 11. Atriplex oblanceolata Rydb. On arid plains of Wyo. and Colo. — Delta; Hotchkiss ; Grand Junction ; Fort Collins. 12. Atriplex Nuttallii S. Wats. In bad-lands and arid valleys from Sask. to Mont., Colo, and Nev. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Arboles ; Caiion City ; Grand Junction; about Fort Collins; Hotchkiss; Gypsum; Fossil Creek. 13. Atriplex cuneata A. Nelson. In arid places of Utah and Colo. — " South- western Colorado"; Grand Junction (Nelson). The Mancos specimens cited by Nelson belong to A. confertifolia. 14. Atriplex odontoptera Rydb. On dry plain of Wyo. and N. Colo. — Alt. about 5000 ft. — New Windsor. 15. Atriplex canescens James. On dry mesas and alkaline valleys from S. D. to Wyo., Kans., N. M. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Wolcott; Walsen- burg; Fort Collins; Caiion City; Huerfano Valley; Grand Junction; Pueblo; between Bents' Fort and Upper Pueblo; Olathie; Gypsum; Hotchkiss, Delta Co. 16. Atriplex occidentalis Torr. On dry mesas from Colo, to Utah, Texas and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Boulder; Huerfano Valley; Mancos; Pueblo. 17. Atriplex hortensis L. Escaped from cultivation in waste places. — Alt. up to 7000 ft. — Boulder; Glenwood Springs; La Veta; vicinity of Fort Col- lins. 6. SUCKLEYA A. Gray. I. Suckleya Suckleyana CTorr.) Rydb. (S. peiiolata A. Gray.) River valleys from Mont, to Colo. — Alt. 5000-6000 ft. — Six miles southeast of Golden ; Cheyenne Wells ; Denver. 7. GRAYIA H. & A. I. Grayia Brandegei A. Graj'. In desert regions of Colo. — Flill's ranch, Elmo Creek. 8. EUROTIA Adans. White Sage, Winter Sage. I. Eurotia lanata (Pursh) Moq. On hillsides and sage plains from S. D. to Wash., Kans. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Fort Collins; Salida; New Windsor; Gunnison; La Veta; Trail Glen; Grand River, above Kremmling; Boulder; bluffs north of La Porte; Barlow ranch, three miles from Forks' Hotel; banks of Cache la Poudre; Gypsum; Fort Collins. CHENOPODIACEAE. 119 9. KOCHIA Rath. Perennials ; leaves narrowly linear, fleshy. Branches tomentulose, soon glabrate ; leaves somewhat hairy when young ; fruit nearly smooth. i. K. americana. Branches and leaves densely and permanently hairy ; fruit very pubescent. 2. K. vestita. Annual ; leaves linear-lanceolate, not fleshy. 3. K. scoparia. 1. Kochia americana S. Wats. In alkaline meadows and marshes from Wyo. to Cal., Colo, and Ariz. — Alt. about 4600 ft. — Grand Junction. 2. Kochia vestita S. Wats. In alkaline meadows and marshes from Wyo. to Cal. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Grand Junction ; McElmo Carion. 3. Kochia scoparia Schrad. Introduced from Europe and sparingly grow- ing in waste places from N. Y. and Mich, to Pa. and Colo. — Alt. about 5000 ft. — Fort Collins; New Windsor. 10. CORIOSPERMUM L. Bug-seed. Fruit with a distinct wing at least H nim. wide. Spike lax; lower bracts much narrower than the fruit. i. C. nitidum. Spike dense ; lower bracts rarely narrower than the fruit. 2. C. marginale. Fruit merely acute, margined, scarcely winged. Plant glabrous. 3. C. ernarginatum. Plant more or less villous. 4. C. villosum. 1. Coriospermum nitidum Kit. (C. hyssoppifoUum microcarpum S. Wats.) On sand-hills and in caiions from Ills, to N. D., Tex. and Colo. ; also in Europe and Asia. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Huerfano Valley; Colorado Springs; Carion City. 2. Coriospermum marginale Rydb. In valleys of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Denver; Huerfano Valley; Rocky Ford; near Boulder. 3. Coriospermum emarginatum Rydb. In valleys of Wyo. and Colo.— Colo- rado (exact locality not given). 4. Coriospermum villosum Rydb. In. sandy valleys from Alb. to Ore., Colo, and Nev. — Alt. 7000-8000 ft. — Salida ; Gunnison ; Buena Vista. II. SALICORNIA L. Glass-wort. I. Salicornia herbacea L. {S. rubra A. Nelson.) In salt marshes from Que. to B. C, Ga. and Calif. — North Park; Larimer Co. 12. SARCOBATUS Nees. Grease- wood. I. Sarcobatus vermiculatus (Hook) Torr. In dry alkaline or saline soil from Neb. to Wash., Tex. and Calif.— Alt. 4000-9000 ft.— Salida; Mancos; Grand Junction; Mancos Canon; Lake John, North Park; near Montrose; Walsenburg ; Olathie ; Black Caiion of the Gunnison ; Gypsum ; Middle Park. 13. DONDIA Adans. Sea Blite. Sepals more or less fleshy, but none of them carinate ; leaves narrowed at the base. Plant perennial, stout. i- D. Moquini. Plant annual, slender. 2. D. diffusa. I'-'O CHENOPODIACEAE. Sepals very fleshy, one or two decidedly carinate ; leaves broadest near the base. Plant depressed, spreading. 3. D. depressa. Plant ereet. 4. D. crecta. 1. Dondia Moquini (Torr.) A. Nels. (Chenopodium Moquini Torr. ; Swacda Torrcyaua S. Wats.) In salt marshes from Wyo. to Nev., Colo, and Lower Calif. — Canon City; Hotchkiss. 2. Dondia diffusa (S. Wats.) Heller. (Szvacda diffusa S. Wats.) In salt marshes from Ncbr. to Nev. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Salida; Grand Junction; Mancos; Canon City; Delta; Pueblo. 3. Dondia depressa (Pursh) Britton. {Salsola depressa Pursh ; Swacda depressa S. Wats.) In salt marshes from Sask. to Mont., Colo, and Nev. — Alt. up to 8000 ft. — Buena Vista; river bottom land, Fort Collins; Delta. 4. Dondia erecta (S. Wats.) A. Nels. (Swacda depressa erecta S. Wats.) In salt marshes from N. D. to Mont, Colo, and Nev. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Grand Junction ; Lake John, North Park ; Fort Collins ; Pueblo ; along Pou- dre River. 14. SALSOLA L. Russian Thistle, Salt-wort. I. Salsola Tragus L. In waste places and old fields ; introduced from Eu- rope and naturalized from Ont. to Wash., Mo. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Near Boulder; Pueblo; Denver; Huerfano Valley; Canon City; Walsenburg; La Salle. Family 46. AMARANTHACEAE J. St. HiL Amaranth Family. Anthers 2-celIed ; green plants with alternate leaves. Perianth present in all flowers. i. Amaranthus. Perianth wanting in the pistillate flowers. 2. Acnida. Anthers i-celled ; stellate or woolly plants with mainly opposite leaves. Filaments united into a short cup at the base; calyx neither crested nor spiny; plants stellate, dift'use. 3. Cladotrix. Filaments united into a long tube ; calyx crested and tubercled or spiny at maturity ; plants wooll5% erect. 4. Froelichia. I. AMARANTHUS L. Amaranth, Pigweed. Sepals clawed ; flowers in terminal and axillary spikes. Bracts lanceolate, shorter than the flowers. i. A. Torreyi. Bracts subulate, longer than the flowers. 2. A. Palmeri. Sepals not clawed. Plants tall, simple ; flowers in terminal and axillary spikes. Stamens 3 ; sepals 1-2 mm. long. 3. A. Pozvellii. Stamens s ; sepals 2-3 mm. long. Spikes stout, 8-14 mm. thick, strict; stem usually more or less pubescent. 4. A. rctroflexus. Spikes slender, 4-6 mm. thick, usually drooping ; stem glabrous. 5. A. hybridus. Plant low, much branched ; flowers in small axillary spikes, shorter than the leaves. Sepals 4-5 ; bracts lanceolate-subulate, a little longer than the sepals ; plant prostrate. 6. A. blitoides. Sepals 3 ; bracts much longer than the sepals, pungent ; plant erect, glabrous. 7. A. graecizens. AMARANTHACEAE. 121 1. Amaranthus Torreyi (A. Gray) Benth. (Amblogyne Torreyi A. Gray.) In sandy soil from Iowa and Wyo. to Mex. and L. Cal. — Alt. 4000-5000 ft. — Fort Collins ; north fork of Gunnison, Delta Co. 2. Amaranthus Palmeri S. Wats. In sandy soil from Kans. and Colo, to Tex. and Ariz. ; also in Mex. — Alt. about 6000 ft. — Clear Creek Canon, above Golden. 3. Amaranthus Powellii S. Wats. In sandy valleys from Colo, to Texas and Calif. — Alt. up to 9000 ft. — Southeast of Ouray; Boulder; Alamosa. 4. Amaranthus retroflexus L. In waste places from Vt. to Ida., Fla. and Mex.; naturalized from Europe. — Alt. up to 6000 ft. — Denver; Cheyenne Mountain ; Fort Collins ; Durango. 5. Amaranthus hybridus L. In waste places from R. I. to Colo., Fla. and Calif. ; also in Mex. ; naturalized from Europe. — Upper Rio Grande ; exact locality not given. 6. Amaranthus blitoides S. Wats. In dry grounds, roadsides and waste places from N. Y. to Mont., La. and Calif.— Alt. 4000-10,000 ft.— Pike's Peak trail; Manitou; Colorado Springs; Ouray; Buena Vista; Durango; vicinity of Fort Collins. 7. Amaranthus graecizens L. {A. albus L.) In cultivated grounds and waste places from R. I. to Wash., Fla. and Ariz.; introduced from tropical America. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Colorado Springs ; Fort Collins. 2. ACNIDA L. Water Hemp. I. Acnida tamariscina (Nutt.) Wood. In alluvial soil from 111. to S. D., La. and N. M. — Alt. up to 5000 ft. — Fort Collins. 3. CLADOTRIX Nutt. I. Cladotrix lanuginosa Nutt. In dry soil from Kans. to Colo., Tex., Ariz, and Mex.— Rocky Ford. I. FROELICHIA Moench. Stout, 6-12 dm. tall; crest of fruiting calyx continuous, dentate, i. F. campestris. Slender, 2-5 dm. high ; crest of fruiting calyx interrupted. 2. F. gracilis. 1, Froelichia campestris Small. (F. Floridana Coult. ; in part.) In sandy soil from Mo. to Colo, and Tex.— Alt. about 5000 ft.— New Windsor, Weld Co. 2, Froelichia gracilis Moq. In sandy valleys from Neb. to Colo., Ark. and Texas. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft.— Boulder; Colorado Springs; Denver; along Pou- dre ; Fort Collins ; Manitou ; Ute Pass. Family 47. CORRIGIOLACEAE Reichenb. Whitlow-wort Family. I. PARONYCHIA Adans. Whitlow-worth. Flowers solitary ; leaves scarcely exceeding the bracts ; plants densely pulvinate. Leaves elliptic, thick, not spinulose-tipped. i. P- pulvinata. Leaves linear, chartaceous, spinulose-tipped. Leaves arcuate, spreading; spinules of sepals over i mm. long. 2. P. scssiliflora. TJ2 CORRIGIOLACEAE. Leaves straight, ascending ; spinulcs of sepals less than i nnn. 3. I', brcrispiiia. Flowers more or less clustered ; leaves much longer than the bracts. Plant low and ditTuse, less than i dni. high ; calyx fully 3 mm. long. 4. F. diffusa. Plant taller, i dm. or more high; stem erect or ascending; calyx 2-2.5 nim. long. Branches of the cymes ascending ; calyx about 2.5 mm. long : sepals lanceolate, gradually acuminate. 5. P. Jatitcsii. Branches of the cymes divarcate : calyx aliout 2 mm. long ; sepals oblong, abruptly acuminate. 6. P. IVardii. 1. Paronychia pulvinata A. Gray. On exposed mountain tops from Wyo. to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 11,000-14,000 ft. — Cameron Pass; Mt. Garfield; Gray's Peak ; Pike's Peak trail ; Massif de I'Arapahoe ; Berthoud Pass. 2. Paronychia sessiliflora Nutt. On dry ridges from Sask. to Alb., Tex. and Utah. — Alt. 5000-8000 ft. — Upper Larimer River. 3. Paronychia brevispina (A. Nels.) Rydb. (P. scssiliHora brcvispina A. Xcls.) On dry hills in Wyo. and Colo. — Waldon, North Park. 4. Paronychia diffusa A. Nels. On dry plains and mountains from S. D. to Wyo., Kans. and Colo. — Alt. 5000-13.000 ft. — Castle Rock, near Golden; Gray's Peak ; Pike's Peak trail ; Table Rock. 5. Paronychia Jamesii T. & G. On dry plains and mountains from Neb. to Wyo., Tex. and N. M. ; also in Mex. — Alt. 4000-10,000 ft. — Ruxton Ridge; Pike's Peak ; river flats east of Ft. Collins ; Horsetooth Mountain ; moun- tains between Sunshine and Ward ; Boulder ; Larimer Co. ; Morrison ; Meadow Park, Lj^ons ; Colorado City ; Spring Canon ; Ft. Collins ; Horse- tooth Mountain. 6. Paronychia Wardii Rydb. On dry plains from Neb. to Colo., Kans. and Tex. — Alt. up to 7000 ft. — Colorado City; Cheyenne Mountain. Family 48. ALLIONIACEAE Reichenb. Four-o'clock Family. Bracts distinct. i. Abronia. Bracts united. Fruit neither strongly tubercled nor winged. Fruit not ribbed ; involucre herbaceous, little if at all enlarging in fruit, not becoming membranous. Stamens usually 5 ; involucres campanulate, not enlarged in fruit. 2. QuAMOCLiniOX. Stamens 3 ; involucre rotate, somewhat enlarged in fruit in the manner of the next genus, but not membranous. 3. Allioniella. Fruit ribbed ; involucre rotate, in fruit becoming much enlarged and mem- branous. 4. Allioni.x. Fruit with two rows of strong tubercles on the back and surrounded by two toothed inflexed wings. 5- \Vedelia. I. ABRONIA Juss. Fruit narrowly winged or crested ; wings or crests not completely encircling the fruit. Fruit biturbinate, ;'. c, tapering at both ends, irregularly ridged or crested. I. A. fragrans. Fruit turbinate or obpyramidal, i. e., almost truncate above, distinctly winged ; the wings very broad above. Bracts broadly ovate or obovate, acute or obtusish. ALLIONIACEAE. 123 Stem puberulent. 2. A. elliptica. Stem glabrous. 3. A. glabra. Bracts oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, attenuate or cuspidate. 4. A. Carletoni. Fruit completely surrounded by the broad netted-veined membranous wings. Flowers 3 cm. or more long ; limb about i cm. wide : peduncles longer than the leaves. 5- A. cycloptera. Flowers 1.5-2 cm. long; limb about 5 mm. wide. 6. A. micrantha. 1. Abronia fragrans Nutt. In dry sandy soil from S. D. to Ida., Kans. and N. M. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — New Windsor, Weld Co.; Crow Creek; Ft. Col- lins; Salida; Cucharas River, below La Veta; Walsenburg; near Pueblo; Table Rock ; Fossil Creek ; Colorado Springs. 2. Abronia elliptica A. Nels. {A. Bakeri Greene.) In sandy soil in Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-5000 ft. — Deer Run ; Grand Junction ; Rifle, Garfield Co. 3. Abronia glabra Rydb. In dry arid soil in Colo, and Utah. — Grand Junction ; near Ft. Collins ; Hotchkiss. 4. Abronia Carletoni Coult. & Fisch. Dry plains of Colo. — Alt. about 5000 ft.— Ft. Collins. 5. Abronia cycloptera A. Gray. Plains from Wyo. to Tex. and Calif. — Exact locality not given. , 6. Abronia micrantha A. Gray. On dry mesas and in sandy soil from S. D. to Mont, and N. M. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Near Pike's Peak; Crow Creek; Canon City; Grand Junction; Trinidad; valley of upper Arkansas River; Swallows, between Canon City and Pueblo; near-Badito; near Pueblo; head- waters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; Walsenburg; Salida; New Windsor; Conejos River, north of Antonito. 2. QUAMOCLIDION DC Four-o'clock. I. Quamoclidion multiflorum Torr. (Mirabilis multiHora A. Gray.) In valleys from Colo, to Utah, Texas and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Florence ; Pueblo; Deer Run; Cucharas Junction; Carion City; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta; Grand Junction; Cimarron; Pueblo; Florence. 3. ALLIONIELLA Rydb. I. Allioniella oxybaphoides (A. Gray) Rydb. (Mirabilis oxybaphoides A. Gray) In valleys from Colo, to Utah and Tex. — Alt. 7000-8000 ft. — Salida; Buena Vista ; Trail Glen. 4. ALLIONIA Loeffl. Umbrell.\-wort. Leaves from cordate to broadly ovate-lanceolate ; all distinctly petioled. 1. A. nyctaginea. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, oblong or linear, sessile or only the lower short-petioled. Involucres in open terminal cymes. Stem more or less hirsute as well as viscid. Leaves ovate or broadly oblong, as well as the stem conspicuously hirsute. 2. A. hirsuta. Leaves linear-lanceolate, almost glabrous ; stem sparingly hirsute or glabrous except under the nodes. 3- A. pilosa. Stem glabrous below, not hirsute, viscid-puberulent above. Lower leaves ovate, rounded at the base. 4- ^- sessili folia. Lower leaves lanceolate to linear, tapering at the base. l--i ALLIONIACEAE. Leaves erect or ascending; lobes of the involucre rounded or broadly triangular-ovate, riant prostrate or diffuse ; involucres and branches of the inflorescence densely viscid hairy. 5. yl. diffusa. Plants more simple, erect or ascending ; branches of the inflorescence usually merely viscid-puberulent. Leaves from ovate or obovate to linear-lanceolate, usually over 5 mm. wide. 6. A. lanceolata. Leaves narrowly linear, less than 5 mm. wide. 7. /}. linearis. Leaves divergent ; lobes of the involucre elliptic or oval. 8. A. divaricala. Involucres on solitary axillary peduncles, rarely also in small dense terminal clusters. y. A. Bodinii. 1. Allionia myctaginia Michx. {Oxybaplnis myctaginius Sweet) In alluvial soil from 111. to Sask., Mo. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-5000 ft. — Denver; Ft. Collins ; buttes along Poudre River, near Ft. Collins. 2. Allionia hirsuta Pursh. On plains and sandy valleys from Minn, to S. D., Nebr. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Cheyenne Mountain ; Manitou ; Colo- rado Springs; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta; North Cheyenne Canon; Colorado Springs ; Englemann Canon ; vicinity of Ft. Collins. 3. Allionia pilosa (Nutt.) Rydb. In dry and sandy soil from Wis. to Sask., La. and Tex. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — New Windsor, Weld Co. ; La Veta. 4. Allionia sessilifolia Osterhout. Plains of Colo. — Livermore. 5. Allionia diffusa Heller. In sandy soil and on plains from N. D. to Wyo., Kans. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Minnehaha ; Piedra ; Ft. Collins ; Pueblo ; Horsetooth Gulch ; Table Rock ; liotchkiss ; above Rustic ; Grand Junction. 6. Allionia lanceolata Rydb. On plains and prairies and in dry sandy soil from r^Iinn. to Wyo., Tenn., Tex. and Colo. — Alt. 5000-7000 ft. — Estes Park, Larimer Co.; Caiion City; New Windsor, Weld Co.; vicinity of Ft. Collins. 7. Allionia linearis Pursh. (Oxybaphiis aiigustifolius Sweet.) On dry plains from I\linn. to Mont., La. and Ariz. ; also in Mex. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Grand Canon of Arkansas ; Platte River, Denver ; Grand Junction ; southeast of Ouray; Parlin, Gunnison, Co. 8. Allionia divaricata Rydb. In sandy valleys from Colo, to N. M. and Ariz. — Durango. 9. Allionia Bodinii (Holz.) Morong. (Oxybaphus Bodinii Holz.) On dry mesas from Colo, to Utah and Tex. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Pueblo ; Ft. Collins. 5. WEDELIA Locffl. I. Wedelia incarnata L. In valleys from Colo, to Tex. and Ariz. ; also Mexico and Tropical America. — Caiion City (Greene). Family 49. TETRAGONIACEAE Reichenb. Carpet-weed Family. I. SESSUVIUM L. Sea-pursl.ane. I. Sessuvium sessile Pers. On saline plains from Kans. to Nev., Tex. and Calif. ; also Mex. — Alt. about 8000 ft. — Alamosa. PORTULACACEAE. 125 Family 50. PORTULACACEAE Reichenb. Purslane Family. Ovary superior. Sepals 2. Sepals deciduous ; capsule 3-valved. i. Talinum. Sepals persistent. Capsule 3-valved from the apex. Plants with corms or fleshy roots ; stem-leaves opposite. 2. Claytonia. Plants with slender rootstocks or annual roots. Stem with a single sessile pair of leaves, with an erect or ascending rootstock or in ours annual roots. 3. Limia. Stem decumbent or floating, with several pairs of stem-leaves, rooting at the nodes and producing filiform runners, forming bulblets at the apex. 4. Crunocallts. Capsule circumscissile near the base. Plants with fleshy roots and short caudices and numerous basal leaves. 5. Oreobroma. Plants with globose corms and 2-2, cauline leaves. 6. Erocallis. Sepals 4-8. 7. Lewisia. Ovary partly inferior ; upper portion circumscissile, falling off with the sepals. 8. Portulaca. 1. TALINUM Adans. Fame-flower. Flowers about i cm. wide; stamens 5. i. T. parvifloruni. Flowers 2-3 cm ; stamens many. 2. T. calycimim. 1. Talinum parviflorum Nutt. (T. tcretifolium Porter & Coult. ; not L.) In rocky soil from Minn, to S. D., Tex. and Ariz. ; also in Mex. — Alt. 4000- 7000 ft. — Garden of the Gods; Denver, along the Platte River; Ft. Collins; Mason's river-front farm ; Spring Canon. 2, Talinum calycinum Engelm. In sandy soil from Ark. to Colo., Tex. to N. M. — Exact locality not given. 2. CLAYTONIA L. Spring Beauty. Plant with rounded corms ; basal leaves few. Stem leaves linear or narrowly lanceolate, i-ribbed or indistinctly 3-ribbed. Leaves petioled ; corolla white. i. C. virginiana. Leaves sessile ; corolla pink. 2. C. rosea. Stem leaves broadly lanceolate, distinctly 3-ribbed. 3. C. lanceolata. Plants with a short caudex and a fleshy tap root ; basal leaves numerous. 4. C. megarrhisa. 1. Claytonia virginiana L. Around springs from N. S. and Mont, to Va., Tex. and Colo. — Alt. 5000-7000 ft. — Foot-hills, Ft. Collins ; Soldier Caiion ; Larimer Co. 2. Claytonia rosea Rydb. In rich damp soil in Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 7000- 8000 ft. — Graham's Peak ; hills southeast of La Veta. 3. Claytonia lanceolata Pursh. (C. Caroliniana sessilifolia Torr.) In wet rich soil from Sask. and B. C. to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. up to 9000 ft. — Howe's Gulch; gulch west of Dixon Caiion; Horsetooth Gulch; Grand Mesa. 4. Claytonia megarrhiza Parry. Among rock-slides, on the higher moun- tains, from Mont, to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 8000-14,000 ft. — West Spanish Peak; Cameron Pass; Gray's Peak; Central City; James' Peak; Pike's Peak; near Pagosa Peak; Little Kate Basin, La Plata Mountains; Como; Boreas; l-<3 PORTITLACACEAE. Carson ; Mt. Bartlctt ; Robinson ; mountains near Empire ; Massif de I'Arapa- hoe; Lake City; headwaters of Clear Creek; mountains nortliwest of Como; Boreas; Devil's Causeway; Bertlioud Pass; Etliel Peak. 3. LIMNIA L. Spanish Lettuce. I. Limnia depressa (A. Gray) Rydb. (Claytoiiia parviAora depressa A. Gray) On river banks and near springs from S. D. to Wash., Colo., Ariz, and Calif. — Reported from Colorado, but doubtful. 4. CRUNOCALLIS Rydb. Water Spring Beauty. I. Crunocallis Chamissonis (Esch.) Rydb. (Claytoiiia Chamissonis Esch.) In streams from Minn, to B. C. N. M. and Calif. — .-Mt. 5000-10,000 ft. — Rabbit- Ear Pass ; Beaver Creek ; Long Gulch ; Ward, Boulder Co. ; Middle Park ; Green Mountain Falls ; North Park ; Empire ; Moon's ranch, Larimer Co. ; Empire; Walton Creek, North Park; Baxter's ranch; Table Rock; Middle Park; Arapahoe Pass; Beaver Creek; Long Gulch. 5. OREOBROMA Howell. Sepals not erose-denticulate. 1. O. nevadensis. Sepals erose-denticulate. 2. O. Grayi. 1. Oreobroma nevadensis (S. Wats.) Howell. (Calandrinia Nevadensis S. Wats.) On dry mountains from Wash, to Colo, and Calif. — Steamboat Springs. 2. Oreobroma pygmaea (A. Gray) Howell. (Calandrinia pygmaca A. Gray) Dry mountain sides from Mont, to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. up to 12,000 ft. — Mountain northeast of Boreas ; Ragged Mountain, Gunnison Co. ; Leroux Parks ; Cameron Pass ; Bob Creek ; Boreas ; Leadville ; Grayback mining camp; Arapahoe Peak. 6. EROCALLIS Rydb. I. Erocallis triphylla (S. Wats.) Rydb. (Claytonia triphylla S. Wats.; Oreobroma triphylla Howell) In the mountains from Wyo. and Wash, to Colo, and Calif. — Cameron Pass. 7. LEWISIA Pursh. Bitter Root. I. Lewisia redeviva Pursh. On stony ridges from Mont, to Colo., Ariz, and Calif. — Pinkham Creek. Larimer Co. 8. PORTULACA L. Purslane, Pusslev. Stem prostrate ; sepals pointed in the bud ; seeds obscurely granulate. \ P. oleracca. Stem ascending ; sepals obtuse in the bud ; seeds echinate-tuberculate. 2. P. retusa. 1. Portulaca oleracea L. In wa.ste places and cultivated soil from Maine to Mont., Fla. and Mex. — Alt. 4000-5000 ft. — Ft. Collins. 2. Portulaca retusa Engelm. In sandy soil from Ark. to Nev., Tex. and N. M. — Alt. up to 6000 ft. — Colorado Springs. ALSINACEAE. 127 Family 51. ALSINACEAE Wahl. Chickweed Family. Stipules wanting. Petals 2-cleft or 2-parted. Capsule short ovate or oblong; styles usually 3. i. Alsine. Capsule long, cylindric and often curved; styles usually 5. 2. Cerastium. Petals entire or merely notched. Styles as many as the sepals and alternate with them. 3. Sagina. Styles fewer than the sepals or if occasionally of the same number opposite them. Seeds with a basal membranous appendage (strophiole) at the hylum. 4. MOEHRINGIA. Seeds not strophiolate. Capsules opening by twice as many valves as the styles. 5. Arexaria. Capsules opening by as many valves as the styles. 6. Alsixopsis. Stipules present. 7. Tissa. I. ALSINE L. St.\r\vort. Chick-weed, Stitchwort. Lower leaves ovate, abruptly contracted into a distinct petiole. 1. A. media. Leaves all sessile or subsessile. Plant not at all viscid. Upper bracts at least scarious. Petals minute or none ; branches of the inflorescence at last reflexed. 2. A. baicalensis. Petals equalling or exceeding the sepals ; branches of the inflorescence ascending. Leaves broadest about the middle, narrowed at the base. 3. A. longifolia. Leaves broadest near the base. Leaves narrowly linear-lanceolate, light green ; flowers usually many. 4. A. longipes. Leaves lanceolate, bluish green ; flowers few, often solitary. 5. A. laeta. None of the bracts scarious. Leaves linear to lanceolate, more than four times as long as broad. Petals equalling or exceeding the sepals. Plant low, less than i dm. high, bluish green. 5. A. laeta. Plant tall, light green ; stem over i dm. long. 6. A. horealis. Petals much shorter than the sepals or none. 7. A. crassifolia. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, ovate or oval, less than four times as long as broad. Leaves thin. Stem glabrous or nearly so ; sepals obtuse. 8. A. obtttsa. Stem distinctly pubescent ; sepals acutish. 9. A. calycantha. Leaves very thick and fleshy. 10. A. polygonoides. Plant more or less viscid, especially the upper portion. 11. A. Jamesiana. 1. Alsine media L. {Stellaria media Cyr.) Introduced around dv^ellings. Native of Europe and Asia. — Ft. Collins. 2. Alsine baicalensis Coville. {Stellaria umbellata Turcz.) Along moun- tain streams from Mont, to Ore., Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 8000-14,000 ft. — Cameron Pass ; Red Mountain ; Seven Lakes ; Buffalo Pass ; Beaver Creek ; Ouray; Ruby; West Spanish Peak; Grayback mining camps; Silver Plume; near Pagosa Peak ; Middle Park ; Mt. Hesperus ; Trapper's Lake ; Pike's Peak ; Gray's Peak ; Ironton ; Argentine Pass ; northeast of Boreas ; Eldora to Baltimore ; summit of North Park Range, Larimer Co. 12S .\i.sixAci:.\r.. 3. Alsine longifolia (Muhl.) Britt. (Sti-llaria loitgifolia Miihl.) In wet nicailows from Ncwf. to Alaska. Md. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-11,000 ft. — Pike's Peak; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Tennessee Pass; Mancos; Larimer Co.; Andrew's Shetland ranch; Idaho Springs; Iligho; Parlin ; Shecphorn Divide; Gunnison; lola; headwaters of Clear Creek; Graymont; Conejos River, north of Antonito; P.axtcr's ranch; Tabic Rock; Steamboat Springs. 4. Alsine longipes (Goldie) Coville. (Stcllaria longipcs Goldie) In wet meadows from Lab. to B. C. and Colo. — Alt. 8000-10,000 ft.— Leronx Parks; Caribou. In the Rocky Mountain region it is mostly represented by var. stricta (Richardson) Rydb. (Stcllaria stricta Richardson.) It differs from the type in having acute sepals. Its range extends farther southwest to Calif. — Alt. 8000-11,000 ft. — West Indian Creek; Moon's ranch. Larimer Co.; Marshall Pass; Dark Cafion; Tennessee Pass; Eldora to Baltimore. 5. Alsine laeta (Richards.) Rydb. In wet places in the mountain sides from Lab. to B. C, Que. and Nev. — Alt. 9000-12,000 ft.— Little Veta Mountain; West Spanish Peak ; Bob and Chicken Creeks ; Beaver Creek ; Devil's Causeway. 6. Alsine borealis (Bigel.) Britt. In wet meadows from Lab. to Alaska, N. J. and Calif. — Idaho Springs ; Trapper's Lake. 7. Alsine crassifolia (Ehrh.) Britton. (Stcllaria crassifolia Ehrh.) Marshes and wet places from Lab. to Alaska, Que. and Colo. — Alt. about 10,000 ft. — Como. 8. Alsine obtusa (Engelm.) Rose. (Stcllaria obtiisa Engelm.) In wet places from Mont, to B. C, Colo., Utah and Wash. — Alt. up to 10,000 ft. — Ruby ; Anthracite Creek. 9. Alsine calycantha (Bong.) Rydb. (Stcllaria calycantha Bong.) In bogs and wet meadows from Mont, to Alaska, Colo, and Calif.— Alt. 9000-10,500 ft. — Bogs, Columbine ; Bob Creek. 10. Alsine polygonoides Greene. In wet places in Colo. — Alt. about 11.500 ft. — Little Kate Basin, La Plata Mountains. 11. Alsine Jamesiana (Torn) Heller. (Stcllaria Jamcsiana Torr.) In wet woodlands from Wyo. to N. M. and Calif. — Alt. 5000-9000 ft. — Howe's Gulch ; Rist Caiion ; Poverty Ridge ; near Cimarron ; mountains west of Steamboat Springs; Four-Mile Hill, Routt Co.; Mesa Verde; Cucharas River, below La Veta ; Apex ; hills south of Rifle, Garfield Co. ; Mancos ; Platte Caiion ; Rabbit-Ears, Larimer Co. 2. CERASTIUM L. Mouse-ear Chickweed, Powder-horn. Annual "; pods 2-3 times as long as the calyx. Pedicels in fruit 1-3 times as long as the calyx, straight or nearly so. 1. C. brachypoditm. Pedicels in fruit 5 times as long as the calyx or longer, strongly curved above. 2. C. longipedunculatum. Perennials ; pods 1-2 times as long as the calyx. Leaves oblong, ovate or oval, mostly obtuse or acutish. Petals I cm. long or more, fully twice as long as the calyx. Sepals, at least the outer, oval, obtuse, scarious-margined at the tip as well as on the sides. 3. C. pulchelluin. Sepals lanceolate, acute, scarious-margined mostly only on the sides. ,• 4. C Ear lei. ALSINACEAE. 129 Petals less than i cm. long. Sepals tinged with purple; stem depressed. 5. C. heeringianum. Sepals light green ; plant not depressed. 6. C. pilosum. Leaves, except the uppermost, linear or linear-lanceolate, acute. Leaves of the inflorescence short, broadly ovate. 7. C. oreophilum. Leaves all linear or linear-lanceolate or linear-oblong. Stem villous with reflexed hairs. 8. C. campestre. Stem finely glandular puberulent. Leaves thin and soft, all linear or narrowly linear-lanceolate ; midrib not prominent. 9. C. scopulonim. Leaves thick and firm; midrib prominent. 10. C. occidentalc. 1. Cerastium brachypodium (Engelni.) Robbinson. In dry sandy soil from S. D. to Mont., Mo., Tex. and Ariz. ; also Mex. — Alt. 4000-7500 ft. — Moun- tains, Larimer Co. ; Pennock's mountain ranch ; gulch west of Pennock's ; Ft. Collins ; gulch west of Soldier Cafion ; Horsetooth Gulch ; Howe's Gulch ; Bijou Basin. 2. Cerastium longipedunculatum Muhl. (C. nutans Ra.) In wet places from N. S. to B. C, N. C, Ariz, and Ore. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Veta Pass; lola; Veta Mountain. 3. Cerastium pulchellum Rydb. On alpine peaks of Colo. — Alt. 13,000 ft. — Hayden Peak. 4. Cerastium Earlei Rydb. In wet places among rocks in the mountains of Colorado. — Alt. 9000-12,000 ft. — Near La Plata Post Office; Little Kate Basin ; Mt. Robinson ; Cumberland Basin ; Horsetooth Gulch. 5. Cerastium heeringianum C. & S. In alpine-arctic regions among rocks from Alb. to Alaska, Colo, and Ariz. — Alt. 9000-12,000 ft. — Gray's Peak; Seven Lakes ; Upper West Mancos Canon ; Mt. Hesperus, at timber line ; mountains of Estes Park; Bottomless Pit, near Pike's Peak; West Spanish Peak; head- waters of Clear Creek ; southeast of Cameron Pass. 6. Cerastium pilosum Greene. In alpine places among rocks in Colo. — Alt. 5000-12,000 ft. — IMountains above Ouray; Horsetooth Gulch. 7. Cerastium oreophilum Greene. In wet places among the mountains from Colo, to Calif. — Alt. 5000-12,000 ft. — Seven Lakes; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; foot-hills west of Ft. Collins ; Pass Creek ; mountain near Veta Pass. 8. Cerastium campestre Greene. On hills and mountain-sides from Alb. to Yukon, Wash, and Colo.— Alt. 5000-7000 ft. — Mt. Abram, Ouray ; Pike's Peak ; foot-hills north of Ft. Collins; Berthoud Pass; Continental Divide; Muddy Pass; North Park; Soldier Canon; Horsetooth Gulch; Trapper's Lake; Pen- nock's ; Como ; Dixon Cafion ; Spring Caiion, Howe's Gulch ; Coup Divide. g. Cerastium scopulorum Greene. In mountains from Colo, to Wyo. and N. M. — Alt. 9000-11,000 ft.— Near La Plata Post Office; Little Kate Basin, La Plata Mountains; vicinity of Como; Robinson; Veta Pass; Cameron Pass; Dixon Canon. 10. Cerastium occidentale Greene. On dry hills from Mont, to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 8000-12,000 ft. — Cripple Creek road; Seven Lakes; Cameron Pass; Veta Mountain ; Clear Creek Station ; Empire ; Horsetooth Mountain ; Horse- tooth Gulch; Bear Creek Caiion; Spicer, Larimer Co.; Rabbit-Ear Range, Routt Co. 9 i:;(i ALSINACEAE. 3. SAGINA L. Peal-wort. Basal leaves linear-filiform; petals shorter than the green sepals, i. S. saginoides. Basal leaves subulate ; petals longer than the purple-tinged sepals. 2. S. nivalis. 1. Sagina saginoides (L.) Britton. {S. Linnaci Presl) In wet places, among rocks and on brook-banks from Green), to Alaska, Que., Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 8000-10,000 ft. — Twin Lakes; Grayback mining camps; La Plata Post Office; headwaters of Clear Creek; Cameron Pass; Buffalo Pass; Em- pire; Chambers' Lake. 2. Sagina nivalis Fries. In arctic-alpine localities from Lab. to Alaska and Colo. — Alt. about 14,000 ft. — Gray's Peak. 4. MOEHRINGIA L. Leaves elliptic-oblong or oval, usually obtuse ; sepals obtuse or acutish ; stem terete. 1. M. lateriflora. Leaves lanceolate, acute ; sepals very acute or acuminate ; stem angled. 2. M. macrophylla. 1. Moehringia lateriflora (L.) Fenz. {Arenaria lateriflora 'L.) In wet places, especially among bushes, from Lab. to Alaska, N. J. and Utah. — Alt. 5000- 10,000 ft. — Happy Hollow, Larimer Co.; headwaters of Pass Creek; Leroux Creek, Delta Co.; Rifle, Garfield Co.; Stove Prairie; Walton Creek. 2. Moehringia macrophylla (Hook.) Torr. {A. macrophylla Hook.) In wet places, among bushes, from Lab. to B. C, Vt. and Calif. — Alt. 10,000-12,000 ft. — Red Mountain ; Slide Rock Caiion. 5. ARENARIA L. Sandwort. Leaves neither narrowly linear nor pungent. Plant low and spreading ; stem less than i dm. long ; leaves ovate or ovate- lanceolate, less than i cm. long. i. A. polycaulos. Plant taller ; stem 2-2, dm. long ; leaves oblong or linear-oblong, over i cm. long. 2. A. confusa. Leaves narrowly linear, more or less rigid and pungent. Sepals ovate to ovate-lanceolate. Inflorescence contracted and headlike. 3. A. congesta. Inflorescence more open. Flowers mostly subsessile in small glomerules at the ends of the branches of the very irregular cymes. 4. A. Burkei. Flowers all pedicelled in open regular cymes ; inflorescence more or less glandular. Leaves distinctly pungent ; plant sparingly glandular-puberulent. 5. A. uintahensis. Leaves more fleshy, hardly pungent ; inflorescence and calyx densely glan- dular-pubescent. 6. A. Tweedy i. Sepals narrowly lanceolate, acuminate. Cymes open, not densely congested. Plant more or less glandular. 7. A. Fendleri. Plant perfectly glabrous. 8. A. Eastwoodiae. Cymes densely congested. Sepals 8-10 mm. long; stem leaves 2-3 cm. long. 9. A. pinetorum. Sepals 5-7 mm. long; stem-leaves 0.5-1.5 cm. long. 10. A. Hookeri. I, Arenaria polycaulos Rydb. {A. saxosa Coulter; not A. Gray) On dry hills from Colo, to Ariz. — Alt. 9000-10,000 ft. — La Plata Post Office; Dark Cafion ; Breckenridge; Grayback mining camps; Mt. Harvard; Silverton. ALSINACEAE. 131 2. Arenaria confusa Rydb. (A. saxosa Robinson, in part) In sandy soil from Colo, to N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 7500-12,000 ft. — Ouray; Wahatoya Creek; near Pagosa Peak; La Plata Mountains; Mancos. 3. Arenaria congesta Nutt. On dry plains from Mont, to Wash., Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 7000-10,000 ft. — Oak mesa. Delta Co. ; Little Muddy Creek, Gun- nison Co.; Twin Lakes; North Park; along the Michigan; Middle Park; Ouray; Cimarron. 4. Arenaria Burkei Howell. {A. subcongesta {Wdits.) 'R.yAh.'} On plains and hills from Mont, to Colo, and Nev. — Alt. about 8000 ft. — Hills about Box Canon, west of Ouray; Willow Creek, Routt Co. 5. Arenaria uintahensis A. Nels. Dry plains from Mont, and Ida. to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. about 8000 ft. — Mesa on the Gunnison River ; Grand Junction. 6. Arenaria Tweedyi Rydb. On dry mountains of Colo. — Alt. about 12,000 ft. — La Plata Mountains. 7. Arenaria Fendleri A. Gray. On dry hills and mountains from Wyo. to N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 7000-13,500 ft. — Mountains between Sunshine and Ward; Crystal Park; Stage Coach Mountain; butte 5 miles southwest of La Veta; Callian; Cascades, near Pike's Peak; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Cam- eron Pass ; Crystal Lake ; Colorado Springs ; Caribou ; headwaters of Clear Creek; Gray's Peak; Dillon Canon; vicinity of Como; Leroux Creek; Cam- eron Pass ; Moon's ranch ; Wood's ranch ; mountains between Steele's and Little Beaver ; Graymont ; West Cameron Pass ; South Park, southeast of Jefiferson; Monument; Campton's Pass; Ethel Peak. Arenaria Fendleri Porteri Rydb. On dry mountain ridges of Colo. — Alt. 7000-13,500 ft. — Mount Ouray; Pike's Peak; Alpine Tunnel; mountains west of Como ; South Park, southeast of Jefferson ; Silver Plume ; George- town; Stephan's Mine; divide between Colorado Springs and Denver; Estes Park, Larimer Co. ; Pike's Peak ; Little Kate Basin, La Plata Mountains ; West Spanish Peak ; La Plata Post Office ; north of Cheyenne Canon ; Em- pire; Berthoud Pass. Arenaria Fendleri diffusa Porter & Coulter. On dry mountains of Colo. — Alt. 5000-10,000 ft. — Mountains between Steele's and Little Beaver; Como; Mt. Harvard ; Green Mountain Falls ; Georgetown ; Cheyenne Mountain ; Middle Park; Boulder. 8. Arenaria Eastwoodiae Rydb. {A. Fendleri glabrescens Wats.?) On dry hills in western Colo. — Grand Junction. 9. Arenaria pinetorum A. Nels. On dry hills from S. D. to Ida., Neb. and Colo. — Livermore, Larimer Co. ; Cedar Hills ; Owl Caiion. 10. Arenaria Hookeri Nutt. On dry hills from Mont, to Nebr. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Larimer Co. ; Cedar Hills. 6. ALSINOPSIS Small. Sandwort. Sepals acute or acuminate. Petals 6-7 mm. long, much exceeding the sepals. i. A. macrantha. Petals small, scarcely exceeding the sepals. Plant densely glandular. 2. A. propinqua. Plant glabrous or nearly so. Leaves linear-subulate, usually over i cm. long, i -nerved, obtuse, more or less triangular, fleshy. 3. A. Rossii. 132 ALSINACEAE. Leaves lincar-lanccolatf, 3-nerved, ncutish, flat, less than 1 cm. long. 4. A. qtiadrivalvis. Sepals obtuse. 5. A. ohtusiloba. 1. Alsinopsis macrantha Rydb. In sandy .soil in tlic mountains of Colo. — Little Kate Basin, La I'lata Aloimtains. 2. Alsinopsis propinqua (Richards.) Rydb. {Arciiaria propinqiia Richard- son; ./. vcrna liirta Am. auth. ; A vcrna acquicaulis A. Nels.) In sandy soil from Hudson Bay and Mackenzie River, to B. C, Colo, to Utah.— Alt. 8000- 13,000 ft. — Pike's Peak; Silverton; Saddle Cliffs; Georgetown; Little Kate Basin, La Plata Mountains ; near Pagosa Peak ; South Park ; Boreas ; Beaver Creek ; Chambers' Lake ; Eldora to Baltimore. 3. Alsinopsis Rossii (Richards.) Rydb. {Arcnaria Kossii Richards.) In arctic-alpine regions from the arctic coast to Colo, and Wash. — Alt. 11,000- 13,500 ft. — Sierra Blanca ; Bald Mountain. 4. Alsinopsis quadrivalvis (R. Br.) Rydb. (Arenaria quadrivalvis R. Br.) In alpine-arctic situations, along the arctic coast of North America and on alpine peaks in Colo. — " Colorado." 5. Alsinopsis ohtusiloba Rydb. {Arcnaria obtiisa Torr. ; not All. ; A. biflora S. Wats., in pari; A. Sajancnsis Robinson; scarcely Willd.) On exposed mountain tops from Alb. to B. C, N. M. and Utah. — Alt. 10,000-13,500 ft. — Mt. Garfield ; Pike's Peak p- Beaver Creek ; Ward, Boulder Co. ; Mount Ouray; Alpine Tunnel; Mt. Harvard; Cameron Pass; Iron Mountain; West Spanish Peak; near Pagosa Peak; Gray's Peak; Mt. Princeton; Seven Lakes; Caribou; Empire; headwaters of Clear Creek; Massif de I'Arapahoe ; mountains near Como ; Cameron Pass ; Graymont ; Beaver Creek ; Berthoud Pass; northwest of Coino; Gray's Peak; Cameron Pass; Graymont; Ethel Peak. 7. TISSA Adans. Sai^d Spurry. I. Tissa sparsiflora Greene. Sandy and alkaline soil from Wyo. to B. C, Colo, and Ore. — New Windsor. Family 52. CARYOPHYLLACEAE Reichenb. Pink Family. Calyx-ribs, usually 10, at least twice as many as the teeth, running both into the teeth and the sinuses. Styles mostly 3 ; capsule usually septate at the base. i. Silene. Styles s ; capsule i-celled to the base. 2. Lychnis. Calyx strongly 5-angled and 5-ribbed. 3. Vaccaria. I, SILENE L. Catchfly, Campion. Annuals. Glabrous or nearly so or the upper nodes glutinous. Stem-leaves linear or linear-lanceolate ; Ijracts narrowly linear-lanceolate. Petals exceeding the sepals by 2-5 mm. ; blade obovate-cuneate, 2-cleft. I. 5'. antirrhina. Petals none or small, not exceeding the sepals ; blade cuneate, truncate or emarginate at the apex. 2. S. antirrhina depauperata. Stem-leaves oblanceolate or lanceolate ; bracts lanceolate, more or less scarious- margined below. 3. 5". antirrhina vaccariifolia. Viscid-pubescent or hirsute throughout. 4. .S". noctiflora. CARYOPHYLLACEAE. 133 Perennials. Calyx not much inflated. Plant caulescent, rather tall, not densely matted. Inflorescence thyroid-paniculate, racemiform or spicate, not leafy ; flowers over I cm. long. Claws and auricles of the petals narrow ; the latter laciniate ; leaves linear or linear-lanceolate. 5. S. Scouleri. Claws and auricles of the petals broad ; the latter ciliate ; leaves ob- lanceolate. 6. 5. Hallii. Inflorescence leafy ; the flowers borne in the axils of the branches, less than I cm. long. Leaves broadly oblanceolate, spreading ; branches of the inflorescence divaricate. 7. 5". Menziesii. Leaves narrowly oblanceolate, ascending ; branches of the inflorescence usually ascending or erect. 8. 6". stellarioides. Plant subacaulescent, densely cespitose, dwarf. 9. 5". acaulis. Calyx much inflated and bladdery. 10. .S". vulgaris. 1. Silene antirrhina L. In waste places from Newf. to B. C, Fla. and Calif. — Alt. 5000-6500 ft. — Palmer Lake; northwest of Soldier Canon. 2. Silene antirrhina depauperata Rydb. In sandy soil from Sask. to B. C, Colo, and Ariz. — Exact locality not given. 3. Silene antirrhina vaccariifolia Rydb. On hillsides from Mont, and Ida. to Colo.^Alt. 5000-7000 ft. — Larimer Co. ; Rist Canon ; near Golden. 4. Silene noctiflora L. In waste places and^fields from N. S. to Man., Fla. and Utah. Naturalized from Europe. — Alt. about 5000 ft. — Ft. Collins. 5. Silene Scouleri Hook. In the mountain valleys and hillsides from Ida. to B. C, Colo, and Ore. — Alt. up to 9000 ft. — Near Pagosa Peak. 6. Silene Hallii S. Wats. In the mountains of Colo, and N. M. — Alt. 6000- 12,000 ft. — Jack's Cabin, Gunnison watershed; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Ruxton Dell ; Villa Grove ; Cheyenne Caiion ; Mancos ; Upper La Plata Canon ; headwaters of Clear Creek ; Gray's Peak ; Bosworth's ranch ; Stove Prairie; Mt. Harvard. 7. Silene Menziesii Hook. In wet soil, especially among bushes, from Mont, to B. C, Neb., Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 7000-10,500 ft. — Ouray; Bob Creek: headwaters of Clear Creek; Graymont; Gore Pass; North Park; Hotchkiss ; Dolores. 8. Silene stellarioides Nutt. Among bushes from Mont, to Wash, and Colo. — Alt. 7000-9000 ft. — Gunnison ; Leroux Creek, Delta Co. ; Middle Park ; Mancos ; Los Pinos ; Sangre de Cristo Creek. 9. Silene acaulis L. On exposed mountain tops, often near the snow, from Greenl. to Alaska, N. H. and Ariz. — Alt. 9000-13,000 ft. — Saddle, Pike's Peak; West Spanish Peak ; Mt. Hesperus and Little Kate Basin ; near Pagosa Peak ; Mt. Harvard ; Boreas ; Gray's Peak ; Cameron Pass ; Marshall Pass ; Massif de I'Arapahoe ; Crystal Lake ; Beaver Creek ; Leroux Creek ; Ethel Peak. 10. Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke. {S. inHata J. E. Smith.) Intro- duced from Europe, in meadows and waste places, from N. B. and Ills, to N. J. and Colo. — Manitou. 2. LYCHNIS L. Tall, 3 dm. high or more, several to many-flowered. Petals included. i. L. Dnimmondii. Petals exserted. 2. L. striata. Low, about I dm. high ; flowers 1-3. 3. L. montana. 134 CARYOPHYLLACEAE. 1. Lychnis Drummondii (Hook.) S. Wats. On dry liills and plains from Man. to B. C, N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-10,000 ft. — Sangrc dc Cristo Creek; Middle Park; Ironton Park, 9 miles south of Ouray; hills about Box Canon, west of Ouray; Marshall Pass; Georgetown; Yampa ; mountains between Sunshine and Ward; Trapper's Lake; South Park; Empire; vicinity of Conio; Lcroux Creek, Delta Co. 2. Lychnis striata Rydb. On hillsides from Wyo. to Utah and Colo. — Alt. 8000-10,000 ft. — Cameron Pass; Silver Plume. 3. Lychnis montana S. Wats. Mountains of Colo, and Wyo. — " Colorado " ; exact locality not given. 3. VACCARIA Medic. Cow-herr I. Vaccaria Vaccaria (L.) Britton. (Saponaria Vaccaria L.) In waste places from Ont. to Alaska, Fla. and Calif. — Naturalized from Europe. — Alt. 5000-8000 ft. — Cucharas Valley ; Wahatoya Creek ; Pagosa Springs ; Boulder ; Ft. Collins; Pueblo. Order 25. RANALES. Stamens numerous ; anther-sacs opening by slits. Gynoecium of single or several free carpels. Submerged water plants with minute axillary sessile monoecious flowers ; anthers with horn-like appendages. 53. Cekatophyllaceae. Land plants or rarely water plants with perfect or rarely dioecious flowers ; anthers not with horn-like appendages. 54. Ra.nuncui.ackaic. Gynoecium of several united carpels ; water plants with floating, reniform or orbicular-cordate leaf-blades. 55. Nympiiaeaceae. Stamens definite (in ours 6) ; anther-sacs opening by hinged valves. 56. Berberidaceae. Family 53. CERATOPHYLLACEAE. A Gray. I. CERATOPHYLLUM L. I. Ceratophyllum demersum L. In water from Newf. and Ore. to Fla. and Calif.— Platte River. Family 54. RANUNCULACEAE Juss. Crowfoot Family. Carpels with several ovules ; fruit a follicle or a berry. Flowers regular. Petals inconspicuous or none, not spurred. Fruit follicles ; leaves simple ; flowers solitary. Petals wanting; leaf-blades entire or toothed. i. Caltha. Petals present, small, linear, clawed ; leaf-blades palmately parted and toothed. 2. Trollius. Fruit a berry ; leaves twice or thrice ternately compound ; flowers racemose. 3. Actaea. Petals conspicuous, produced into a spur or at least saccate at the base; leaves ternately compound. 4. Aquilegia. Flowers irregular. Posterior sepal spurred. 5. Delphinium. Posterior sepal hooded, helmet-shaped or boat-shaped. 6. Aconitum. RANUNCULACEAE. 135 Carpels i-ovuled : fruit an achene. Petals wanting ; sepals often petal-like. Sepals imbricated in the bud ; leaves all alternate, or only those subtending the inflorescence opposite. Flowers subtended by opposite or verticillate leaf-like bracts. Styles short, not elongated in fruit. 7- Anemone. Styles much elongated in fruit, plumose. 8. Pulsatilla. Flowers not subtended by opposite or verticillate bracts ; leaves all alternate, ternately compound. i7- Thalictrum. Sepals valvate in the bud ; leaves all opposite. Flowers cymose-paniculate, dioecious or polygamo-dioecious ; stamens and sepals spreading. 9- Clematis. Flowers solitary, perfect. Stamens erect ; sepals thickish, more or less converging ; staminodia wanting. lo. Viorna. Stamens spreading ; sepals thin, spreading from the base ; staminodia often present. ii- Atragene. Petals usually present. Sepals spurred ; small annuals with basal linear leaves : receptacle in fruit elongated-cylindrical. 12. Myosurus. Sepals not spurred ; plant usually bearing cauline as well as basal leaves ; receptacle in fruit spherical, conical or short-cylindric. Achenes transversely wrinkled: petals white. 1,3. Batrachium. Achenes not transversely wrinkled ; petals yellowish at least without. Achenes not ribbed. 14- Ranunculus. Achenes longitudinally ribbed. Achenes compressed ; leaves simple, crenate or lobed. 15. Halerpestes. Achenes terete; leaves compound. 16. Cyrtorhyncha. I. CALTHA L. Marsh-marigold, Meadow-gowan. I. Caltha leptosepala Hook. (C. rottindifolia (Huth) Greene; C. chiono- phila Greene.) Along brooks and belowr the snow from the Canadian Rockies to Colo. — Alt. 8000-12,000 ft. — Cameron Pass; Graymont; Beaver Creek; Al- pine Tunnel; Bear Creek Divide; Marshall Pass; Pike's Peak; Red Moim- tain, south of Ouray; Columbine; Grand Mesa; Carson; Gore Pass; Seven Lakes; near fronton; Chambers' Lake; Gray's Peak; Front Range, Larimer Co.; South Cottonwood Gulch, Chaffee Co.; Mt. Harvard; Lake City; Em- pire; Rabbit-Ear Range. Routt Co. 2. TROLLIUS L. Globe-flower. I. Trollius albiflorus (A. Gray) Rydb. {T. laxiis albiflorus Gray) In swamps and along streams from Mont, to Wash., Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 900CK 12,000 ft. — Above Beaver Creek ; Leroux Park ; Cameron Pass ; Slide Rock Cation ; Mt. Hesperus, above timber line ; Pagosa Peak ; Grand Mesa ; Gray- mont ; Red Mountain ; Marshall Pass ; Crystal Lake ; headwaters of Clear Creek; Massif de 1' Arapahoe. 3. ACTAEA L. Bane-berry. Filaments whitish; raceme short; pedicels in fruit 1-3 cm. long. Fruit white, ellipsoid, 9-12 mm. long. i. A. eburnea. Fruit red, spherical or nearly so, 5-7 mm. long. 2. A. arguta. Filaments greenish ; raceme elongated ; pedicels very short, even in fruit less than I cm. long; fruit red. 3- A. viridiflora. VM> RANUNCULACEAE. 1. Actaea eburnea Rydb. In ricli woods and canons from Newf. to Alb., Vt. and I'tali. — Alt. 8000-10,000 ft. — Maiicos; Ouray; Ragged Mountain, Gun- nison Co. 2. Actaea arguta Nutt. In ricli woods and canons from Mont, to Alaska, Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 8000-10,000 ft. — Mountains above Ouray; Wahatoya Canon; Black Canon; Veta Pass; Artists' Glen; near Pike's Peak. 3. Actaea viridiflora Greene. In canons from Colo, to Ariz. — Alt. about 8000 ft. — Four-Mile Hill. Routt Co.; hills west of Ouray; Trapper's Lake. 4. AQUILEGIA L. Columbine. Petals merely saccate, not spurred ; terminal leaflet rhombic, acute. 1. A. Eastzi'oodiae. Petals spurred ; all leaflets obtuse. Lamina of the petals longer than the strongly curved spur ; flowers blue ; stem low. 2. A. sa.riiiionti.nta. Lamina of the petals shorter than the slightly curved or straight spur. Spur not over 2 cm. long ; flowers nodding. Sepals and spur red. 3. A. elegaittttla. Whole flower light yellow. 4. A. micrantha. Spur 2-7 cm. long ; flowers in anthesis usually erect. Basal leaves usually twice ternate ; spur 3-4 cm. long ; sepals blue or white. 5. A. coenilea. Basal leaves usually thrice ternate ; spurs 4-7 cm. long ; sepals yellow. Spur 4-5 cm. long ; sepals less than 2 cm. long, ovate-lanceolate, acute ; follicles strongly curved outward. 6. A. thalictrifolia. Spur 5-7 cm. long; sepals 2-3 cm. long, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, acuminate; follicles almost straight. 7. A. chrysantha. 1. Aquilegia Eastwoodiae Rydb. {A. ecalcarata Eastw. ; A. micrantha Mancosana Eastwood; A. Mancosana Cockerel!) In dark cations, Colo. — Johnston Canon, Mesa Verde. 2. Aquilegia saximontana Rydb. {A. hrcvistyla A. Gray; not Hook.) Among rocks, Colo.- — Alt. 10,000-12,000 ft. — Cameron Pass; Gray's Peak; headwaters of Clear Creek; Bottomless Pit; Argentine Pass. 3. Aquilegia elegantula Greene. {A. Canadensis A. Gray, in part) On wooded hillsides in Colo, and N. M. — Alt. 7500-11,000 ft. — Rico; Silverton; Marshall Pass; Slide Rock Cation; Mancos; about Ouray; Van Bo.xle's ranch, above Cimarron ; Minturn, Eagle Co. ; Glenwood Springs ; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; mountain near Veta Pass; West Indian Creek; Lake City. 4. Aquilegia micrantha Eastw. In canons of Colo, and Utah.— Johnston Caiion. 5. Aquilegia coerulea James. In woods and on mountain-sides from Mont, to Utah and Colo. — Alt. 6500-12,000 ft. — Vicinity of Como and Como Pass, above tiinber line; west of Rist Cation; Beaver Creek; Pennock's mountain ranch ; Table Rock ; timber line above Graymont ; Baxter's ranch ; Cameron Pass; Trapper's Lake; Horsetooth Gulch; Horsetooth Mountain; Poudre River ; Rist Cation ; Bosworth's ; above Beaver Creek ; forks of Poudre and Big South; Empire; Mt. Hesperus, above timber line; West Spanish Peak ; Bob Creek ; below Gray's Peak ; Middle Park ; mountains near Veta Pass ; Sangre de Cristo Creek ; North Cheyenne Canon ; Marshall Pass ; Mt. Ouray; near Teller, North Park; Pike's Peak; Columbine; Dark Cat'ion ; RANUNCULACEAE. 137 North Boulder Peak; headwaters of Clear Creek; Rabbit-Ears, Larimer Co.; Hahn's Peak. [State Flower of Colorado.] 6. Aquilegia thalictrifolia Rydb. (A. chrysantha Coulter, in part.) In the mountains of Colo, and western Tex.— Alt. 6000-9000 ft. — Alpine Tunnel ; Colorado Springs ; Bear Creek Cafion ; Cafion City ; Grand Canon of the Arkansas. 7. Aquilegia chrysantha A. Gray. In the mountains of N. JNI. and Ariz. It has also been reported from Colo., but no locality given. 5. DELPHINIUM L. Larkspur. Pedicels erect or nearly so. Sepals white, only tinged with blue ; pods over i cm. long, about four times as long as broad ; seeds squamellate. Spur almost three times as long as the upper petals, more or less curved ; seeds 3 mm. long, black, slightly squamellate. i. D. Penardii. Spur scarcely twice as long as the upper petals, almost straight; seeds 1.5-2 mm. long, brown, strongly squamellate. Lobes of the lateral petals divergent ; lower pedicels elongated ; spur mostly erect. 2. D. camporuin. Lobes of the lateral petals not divergent ; lower pedicels not elongated ; spur mostly horizontal. .3. D. albescens. Sepals dark blue ; pod less than i cm. long, only 2-3 times as long as broad ; seed not squamellate, but wing-margined ; stem and leaves glabrous and glaucous. 12. D. elongatuni. Pedicels ascending or spreading. Inflorescence few-flowered, the lower pedicels elongated ; sepals broad, spreading ; leaf-segments narrow. Roots fascicled, thick, but not tuberiform ; stem usually viscid, at least above; blades of the lateral petals about i cm. long. 4. D. bicolor. Roots tuberiform ; stem not viscid ; blades of the lateral petals about 5 mm. long. Flowers dark blue. 5. D. Nelsonii. Flowers light blue. 6. D. dumetorum. Lower pedicels not elongated. Segments of the basal leaves obtuse, mucronate ; flowers light blue. 7. D. scaposnm. Segments of all the leaves acute or acuminate. Plant not at all viscid ; follicles pubescent. Stem grayish strigose throughout. Leaves divided into cuneate, merely cleft segments. 8. D. geraniifoliuiH. Leaves repeatedly divided into linear division. Stem 3-5 dm. high ; bractlets oblong, close under the calyx. q. D. Geyeri. Stem 5-20 dm. high ; bractlets subulate, 2-3 mm. below the calyx. II. D. robusiuin. Stem glabrous and glaucous at least below. Inflorescence dense ; follicles scarcely at all arcuate. Leaves puberulent ; inflorescence stigose. Leaf-divisions broad, cuneate, merely cleft into lanceolate lobes. 10. D. cuculatum. Leaves repeatedly dissected into linear lobes. 11. D. robustum. Leaves glabrous and glaucous ; inflorescence almost glabrous. 12. D. elongatuitt. Inflorescence lax; follicles strongly arcuate. 13. D. rai)iosutn. Plants more or less viscid, at least the pedicels. 138 RANUNCULACEAE. Plant tall, 4-20 dm. hish, not cespitose. Follicles viscid pubescent. Flowers li>;ht blue or yellowish, tinned with blue or purple. 14. D. multifloruvi. Flowers dark blue. 15. D. occidentale. Follicles glabrous. Sepals obtuse. 16. D. reticulatum. Sepals acute or acuminate. i7- D. Barbeyi. Plants about i dm. high, cespitose, viscid pubescent. 18. D. alpestre. 1. Delphinium Penardii Hiith. On dry plains of Colo. — Alt. 5000-8000 ft. — Horsetootli (iulcli; bank of Arkansas River; Poudre flats, north of Ft. Col- lins; Ft. Collins; Dixon Caiion ; near Badito; Wahatoya Creek; Brantly Canon, Las Animas Co. 2. Delphinium camporum Greene. On dry plains from Colo, to Tex. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Plains and foot-hills near Boulder; New Windsor; near Badito; Walsenburg. 3. Delphinium albescens Rydb. In meadows from Ills, to Man., Ind. Terr, and Colo. — Alt. 4000-5000 ft. — Ft. Collins. 4. Delphinium bicolor Nutt. Hills and plains from Ass. and Wash, to S. D., Utah and Ore. — Also reported from Colorado ; but doubtful. 5. Delphinium Nelsonii Greene. On hillsides from Alb. to Wash., Neb. and Utah. — Alt. 4000-10,000 ft. — Four-Mile Hill, Routt Co. ; hills west of Soldier Cafion ; Horsetooth Gulch ; Dolores ; Ouray ; Howe's Gulch ; Rist Canon ; Spring Caiion ; Table Rock ; Grand Junction ; Wyoming State line ; Minturn, Eagle Co.; Ft. Collins; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Chicken Creek; Los Pinos ; Van Boxle's ranch, above Cimarron ; foot-hills west of Ft. Col- lins; Mesa Verde; Cerro Summit; Ironton; Apex; near Boulder; Steamboat Springs ; Beaver Creek, Larimer Co. 6. Delphinium dumetorum Greene. In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. about 7000 ft.^ — Cimarron. 7. Delphinium scaposum Greene. On dry plains from Colo, to N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. about 7000 ft. — Mancos. 8. Delphinium geraniifolium Rydb. On hills from Colo, and Ariz. — Colo- rado Springs. 9. Delphinium Geyeri Greene. On the plains from Wyo. to Colo. — Alt. 5000-7000 ft. — Foot-hills, Larimer Co. ; Rist Cafion ; Horsetooth Gulch ; hills south of Horsetooth Mountain ; plains near Ft. Collins ; Livennore, Larimer Co. ; New Windsor. 10. Delphinium cuculatum A. Nels. On mountain sides from Mont, and Ida. to Colo.— Alt. about 9000 ft.— Four-Mile Hill, Routt Co. 11. Delphinium robustum Rydb. In mountain meadows from Mont, to N. Isl. — Alt. 6000-9000 ft. — -Wahatoya Creek ; La Veta ; Colorado Springs ; In- dian Creek Pass; foot-hills, Larimer Co. 12. Delphinium elongatum Rydb. On hills and mountains of Colo. — Alt. 7000-10,000 ft. — Elk Cation; Baxter's ranch; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Villa Grove; alpine ridge east of Middle Park; headwaters of Clear Creek. 13. Delphinium ramosum Rydb. In caiions and on mountain sides in Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 6000-9000 ft. — Crystal Park ; Williams' Canon ; Artists' Glen ; North Cheyenne Canon ; Idaho Springs. RANUNCULACEAE. 139 14. Delphinium multiflorum Rydb. On mountain sides from Mont, to Wash, and Colo. — Alt. about 8000 ft. — North Park ; Columbine ; divide road to Steamboat Springs ; Wilson, San Miguel Co. 15. Delphinium occidentale S. Wats. {D. qucrcetorum Greene.) On the mountains from Wyo. to Utah and Colo. — Alt. 8000-10,000 ft. — Cerro Sum- mit; Berthoud Pass. 16. Delphinium reticulatum (A. Nels.) Rydb. {Delphinium occidentale reticulatuiii A. Nels.) On mountain-sides in Wyo. and Colo. — Mouth of Basin Creek ; Upper La Plata Caiion. 17. Delphinium Barbeyi Huth. (D. scopuloriim subalpiiium A. Gray; D. subalpiiium A. Nels.) In shady places in the mountains of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 8000-13,000 ft. — Cameron Pass; Boreas; Gray's Peak; Mt. Abram, Ouray; Buffala Pass; Columbine; near Ironton; Silver Plume; Indian Creek Pass ; near Pagosa Peak ; Upper La Plata Canon ; Sangre de Cristo Creek ; Hinsdale Co.; Empire; Rabbit-Ears, Larimer Co. 18. Delphinium alpestre Rydb. On alpine peaks, among rocks, in Colo.^ Alt. 10,000-13,000 ft. — Mountain northwest of Como; West Spanish Peak. 6. ACONITUM L. Monkhood. Front line of the hood strongly concave, j. e., the beak long, porrect, almost horizontal. Lower sepals at least ^ as long as the lateral ones ; leaf segments rather broad. 1. A. Bakeri. Lower sepals yi-Vj as long as the lateral ones ; leaf segments narrow. 2. A. porrectum. Front line of the hood almost straight, i. e., the beak directed downward. Lateral sepals very oblique ; upper margin semi-reniform. 3. A. columbianum. Lateral sepals moderately oblique ; upper margin slightly, if at all, concave. Flowers blue. 4. A. insigne. Flowers ochroleucous. 5. A. ochroleucuin. 1. Aconitum Bakeri Greene. {A. atrocyaneum Rydb.) In the mountains of Colo., Wyo. and Utah. — Alt. 10,000-12,000 ft. — Boreas; Steamboat Springs; gulch west of Bear River; Marshall Pass; Cameron Pass; near Ironton, San Juan Co. 2. Aconitum porrectum Rydb. In the mountains of Colo, and Wyo. — Alt. 6000-10,000 ft. — Graymont ; Arapahoe Pass ; foot-hills, Larimer Co. ; Coffee Pot Springs ; Columbine ; Pike's Peak ; North Park ; Villa Grove ; La Plata Mountains; Lake City; Rabbit-Ears, Larimer Co. 3. Aconitum columbianum Nutt. In meadows and open woods from Mont, to B. C, N. M. and Calif.— Alt. 9000-12,000 ft.— Ruxton Park ; Ruxton Creek ; Pike's Peak ; Ouray ; Hinsdale Co. 4. Aconitum insigne Greene. In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. 7000-11,000 ft. — Bosworth's ranch; Stove Prairie; Beaver Creek; Alpine Tunnel; Par- lin, Gunnison Co.; Middle Park; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Veta Pass; Sangre de Cristo Creek ; Central City ; La Plata Mountains ; near Pagosa Peak ; Eldora to Baltimore; Empire. 5. Aconitum ochroleucum A. Nels. In the mountains of Colo, and Wyo. — Alt. about 9000 ft. — Indian Creek Pass; Ruxton Park, Pike's Peak; Eldora to Baltimore. 140 RANUNCULACEAE. 7. ANEMONE L. Anemonk, Wind-flow kk. Achcncs densely villous. Style filiform, usually deciduous ; heads of fruit spherical or nearly so ; involucral leaves short-pctioled. Leaves tcrnate ; divisions broadly cuneate or flahcUiform, crenate or slightly cleft. I. A. paivifJora. Leaves 2-4 times ternate ; segments linear to lanceolate. 2. /I. globosa. Styles subulate, persistent ; heads of fruit cylindrical ; involucral leaves long- petioled. 3. A. cylindrica. Achenes not villous. Flowers cymose ; achenes sparingly hirsute when young, sessile ; style long, straight. 4. A. canadensis. Flowers subumbcllate ; achenes glabrous, stipitate ; style short, curved. 5. A. narcissifiora. 1. Anemone parviflora Michx. On exposed mountain tops from Lab. to Alaska, Ont. and Colo. — Alt. about 10.500 ft. — South Cottonwood Gulch, Chaf- fee Co. 2. Anemone globosa Nutt. (A. multifida Hook., in part; not Poir.) In meadows and on liillsides from S. D. to Mackenzie River and Alaska, Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 7000-12,000 ft. — Rist Caiion; gulch east of Stove Prairie; Barnes' Camp ; forks of Poudre and Big South Rivers ; near foot of Rabbit- Ear Range ; near Georgetown ; Campton's ranch ; Carson ; Mt. Abram, Ouray; Placer; Ironton Park, 9 miles south of Ouray; Veta Pass; Crystal Park ; Ruxton Park ; Pagosa Springs ; Central City ; Tennessee Pass ; Grizzly Creek; Mt. Harvard; Grayback mining camps; Little Veta Mountains; Caribou ; Lake City ; Empire ; Eldora to Baltimore. 3. Anemone cylindrica A. Gray. Among bushes and on hillsides from N. B. to B. C, N. J. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Pennock's; Horsetooth Moun- tain ; foot-hills, Larimer Co. ; Dillon Cation, Trinidad ; hills west of Soldier Caiion ; Trinidad ; La Veta ; Wahatoya Creek ; Mancos ; Pagosa Springs ; Piedra. 4. Anemone canadensis L. (A. dichotoma L.) In river valleys and among bushes from Lab. to Alb., Md. and N. M. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Rist Canon ; Ft. Collins; Table Rock; Poudre Flats; Garland; Sangre de Cristo Creek; New Windsor. 5. Anemone narcissifiora L. In the mountains from Alb. to Alaska and Colo. — Alt. 8000-13,000 ft. — Cameron Pass; Beaver Creek; near Teller, North Park ; Tennessee Pass ; mountains northeast of Boreas ; Mt. Harvard ; Buf- falo Pass; Alpine Tunnel; Soutli Park; summit of North Park Range, Larimer Co. 8. PULSATILLA Adans. Pasque Flower. I. Pulsatilla hirsutissima (Pursli.) Brilton. (Ancinoitc patens Nuttal- liana A. Gray.) On plains and hills from Ills, to Mackenzie, Alb., Tex. and Wash. — Alt. 4000-10,000 ft. — Cameron Pass ; foot-hills, Larimer Co. ; Clear Creek; Hermosa; Manitou ; Crystal Park; about Ouray; mountains near Veta Pass ; South Cheyenne Caiion ; foot-hills west of Ft. Collins ; Horsetooth Gulch; Howe's Gulch; Stove Prairie Hill; Poudre Caiion; Dixon's Caiion; Ojo; Lake City; Pike's Peak; North Boulder Peak; Eldora to Baltimore; Bear Creek Caiion. RANUNCULACEAE. 141 9. CLEMATIS L. Virgin's Bower. I. Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt. Among bushes and in canons from N. D. to B. C, Mo. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Log Canon ; Poudre River, near Ft. Collins ; Rist Canon ; Redstone ; Narrows ; Deer Run ; Ft. Collins ; near Ouray; Manitou ; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta; Piedra; Arkansas Valley; Salida; Durango; plains, Colorado Springs. 10. VIORNA Reichenb. Le.\ther-flower, Vase-vine. Sepals not at all or very slightly dilated above. Divisions of the leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 2-5 cm. long. i. V. Scottii. Divisions of the leaves linear to lanceolate, 1-2 cm. long. 2. V. Bakeri. Sepals conspicuously dilated at the apex. Sepals acute or short-acuminate ; plant in age glabrate ; divisions of the leaves lanceolate. 3- V- Jonesii. Sepals obtuse or merely acutish ; plant permanently villous ; divisions of the leaves linear. 4- V- eriophora. 1. Vioma Scottii (Porter) Rydb. (Clematis Scottii Porter; C. Douglasii Scottii Coulter) In open woods and on hillsides from S. D. to Wyo. and N. M. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Vicinity of Dillon Canon; Trinidad; La Veta; Veta Pass; Poverty Ridge, near Cimarron; Grizzly Creek; La Plata River Valley, near Hesperus Post Office ; Caiion City. 2. Vioma Bakeri (Greene) Rydb. {Clematis Bakeri Greene) In moun- tains of Colo. — Alt. about 7000 ft. — Los Pinos ; Camp Creek, Larimer Co. 3. Vioma Jonesii (Kuntze) Rydb. (Clematis Douglasii Jonesii Kuntze) On hillsides and in canons from Colo, to Nev. — Alt. 5000-9000 ft. — Howe's Gulch, near Ft. Collins ; vicinity of Ouray; Dolores; Cimarron; Dixon Caiion; foot-hills near Boulder. 4. Viorna eriophora Rydb. (Clematis eriophora Rydb.) In the foot-hills of Colo., Utah and Wyo. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Foot-hills, Larimer Co.; gulch west of Dixon Caiion ; Howe's Gulch ; Rist Caiion ; Horsetooth Gulch ; Ft. Collins ; Clear Creek ; mesas near Colorado Springs ; mountains near Golden City; Pagosa. II. ATRAGENE L. Bell -rue. Purple Virgin's Bower. Leaves merely ternate. Staminodia usually decidedly spatulate ; leaflets toothed or cleft ; teeth and apex rounded. 3- ^- diversiloba. Staminodia linear or none ; leaflets entire or crenate above the middle, long- acuminate. I. A. occidentalis. Leaves twice or thrice ternate ; staminodia linear or lacking. Secondary leaflets merely toothed or cleft. 2. A. pseudalpina. Secondary leaflets divided to near the base. 4. A. tenmloha. 1. Atragene occidentalis Hornem. (A. Columbiana Nutt.; Clematis verti- cillaris Coult., in part) In mountain woods from Mont, to B. C, Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 5000-7000 ft. — Foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Howe's Gulch; gulch east of Stove Prairie; Rist Caiion; Baxter's ranch; Ft. Collins; Four-Mile Hill, Routt Co. ; Empire ; Camp Creek, Larimer Co. 2. Atragene pseudalpina (Kuntze) Rydb. (Clematis alpina occidentalis A. Gray; not A. occidentalis Hornem.) On hillsides, among bushes and in 142 RANUNCULACEAE. open woods, in Colo, and X. M. — Alt. 7000-10.000 ft. — Van Boxle's ranch, above Cimarron; Minnehaha; Ojo; hills southeast of La Veta; Veta Pass; Idaho Springs: Mt. Abram. Ouray; chaparral-covered hills southeast of Ouray: Lake City: Cheyenne Canon. 3. Atragene diversiloba Rydb. In mountains of Colo. — Mountains near Denver. 4. Atragene tenuiloba {A. Gray) Britton. (Clematis alf^ina tcnuiloba A. Gray.) In mountain woods from S. D. to Mont., Colo, and Ariz. — Alt. 7000-10.000 ft. — Placer: Sheep Caiion ; North Cheyenne Canon; Williams' Caiion, above Manitou ; Colorado Springs ; Pike's Peak. 12. MYOSURUS L. Mouse-tail. Achenes with a flat back, only slightly carinate and tipped with a very short appressed beak. i. M. miuimus. Achenes strongly carinate on the back, tipped with a long subulate ascending beak. 2. M. aristatus. 1. Myosurus minimus L. In muddy places and shallow water from Ont. to Wash., Fla. and Calif. ; also in Europe and northern Africa. — Alt. up to 5000 ft. — Denver (Eastwood) . 2. Myosurus aristatus Bentli. In muddy places from Mont, to Wash.. Colo, and Calif. — Alt. up to 9000 ft. — Long's Peak. 13. BATRACHIUM S. F. Gray. White Water-crowfoot. Petals 5-7 mm. long, broadly obovate ; stamens many. Segments of the leaves 10-15 mm. long, rather rigid, scarcely collapsing when withdrawn from the water. i. B. trichophyllum. Segments of the leaves 15-30 mm. long, flaccid, collapsing when withdrawn from the water. 2. B. iJaccidum. Petals less than 5 mm. long, oblong-obovate ; stamens 5-12. Stem slender ; leaves not very flaccid. 3- B. Dronetii. Stem filiform ; leaves very flaccid. 4- B. coufervoides. 1. Batrachium trichophyllum (Chaix.) Bosh. (Ranunculus aquatilis tricho- phylhis Chaix.) In water from N. S. to B. C, N. C. and Calif.; also in Mex., Europe and Asia. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Near Ouray; Grizzly Creek; Ft. Collins; Sangre de Cristo Creek; New Windsor; Denver. 2. Batrachium flaccidum (Pers.) Rupr. (Ranunculus aquatilis tricliophyl- lus A. Gray, in part) In water from Lab. to Wash., N. C. and Low. Calif. — Alt. 4000-10,000 ft. — Ft. Collins; Trail Creek, near junction with North Poudre; Trapper's Lake; below Carson: Upper Laramie River; Boulder. 3. Batrachium Drouetii (F. Schultz) Nym. In water from Vt. to Alaska, R. I. and Low. Calif. — Alt. 7000-8000 ft. — Along L^ncompahgre River, near Ouray; Parlin, Gunnison Co.; Piedra. 4. Batrachium confervoides Fries. In water from Man. to Alaska, south to Colo. — In Grand Lake. 14. RANUNCULUS L. Crowfoot, Butter-cup. Leaves linear to oval, entire or merely denticulate or crenate ; none divided or cleft. Flammulae. Some of the leaves at least cleft. Sepals black-hairy. NIV.^LES. Sepals not black-hairy. RANUNCULACEAE. 143 Some of the basal leaves entire. Glaberrimi. None of the leaves entire. Plants neither immersed in the water nor creeping in the mud, if rooting at the nodes, not with palmately lobed or dissected leaves. Achenes turgid, marginless. Petals much exceeding the sepals. Basal leaf-blades not divided to the base. Affines. Basal leaf-blades divided to the base, 2-3 times ternate. Triternati. Petals scarcely exceeding the sepals. Abortivi. Achenes compressed with a distinct margin. Beak of the achenes distinctly hooked. Recurvati. Beak of the achenes straight or nearly so. Repentes. Plants immersed in the water or creeping in the mud ; leaves palmately lobed, divided or dissected. Multifidi. Flammulae. Stem filiform, prostrate, rooting at the nodes. i. R. rcptans. Stem not filiform, erect or ascending, not rooting. Petals distinctly clawed ; beak of the achenes stout. 2. R. unguiculatus. Petals not clawed ; beak of the achenes filiform. 3. R. alismaef alius. N I VALES. Leaf-blades spatulate or elliptic, 2-4-toothed at the apex. 4. R. Macanlcyi. Glaberrimi. Basal leaf-blades elliptic to oval, usually all entire. 5. R. elHpticns. Affixes. Achenes pubescent ; heads oblong to cylindric. Basal leaf-blades or some of them merely crenate ; the rest 3-cleft at the apex with a narrow middle lobe. Petals broadly obovate, about i cm. long ; sepals densely villous. 6. R. cardiophylhis. Petals oblong-obovate, 3-6 mm. long ; sepals not densely villous. Petals 5-6 mm. long ; head of achenes oblong. 7. R. inamoenus. Petals 3-5 mm. long; head of achenes cylindric. 8. R. micropetalus. Basal leaf-blades all digitately or pedately cleft with acute lobes. 9. R. afUnis. Achenes glabrous. Plant glabrous, except the sepals. Lobes of the stem-leaves elliptic, oval or obovate. 10. R. Eschscholtzii. Lobes of the upper stem-leaves linear to oblong. Basal leaf-blades orbicular, seldom reniform, seldom cleft more than half- way down ; heads of fruit decidedly oblong ; stipules semi-circular, about 2 mm. long. 11. R. alpeophilus. Basal leaf-blades decidedly reniform, cleft deeper than half-way down ; heads of achenes spherical or nearlj' so ; stipules of the stem-leaves oval, 3-4 mm. long. 12. R. ochreatus. Plant more or less pubescent. 13. R. ovalis. Triternati. One species. 14. R. adonens. Abortivi. Basal leaf-blades, at least some of them, merely crenate. Achenes pubescent ; heads of achenes cylindric. 8. R. micropetalus. Achenes glabrous ; heads spherical. 144 RANUNCULACEAE. Basal leaf-blades cordate at the base; plant K'abrous. 15. R. abortivus. Basal leaf-blades rarely cordate at the- base ; i)lant hairy. lO. R. iuicraiillius. All the leaf-blades divided or lobed. Lower leaf-blades less deeply lobed, often not more than half down to the base. 17. R. sceleratus. Leaf-blades all divided to near the base. 18. R. eremogenes. Recurvati. Flowers small : petals only 2-5 mm. long. Stem glabrous. 19. R. Douglasii. Stem hairy ; with spreading hairs. Petals 2-3 mm. long. 20. R. Bongardii. Petals 4-5 mm. long. 2\. R. Earlei. Flowers larger; petals 5-10 mm. long; stem appressed-pubescent. 22. R. acriformis. Repe.n'tes. Heads of achenes oblong, about 5 mm. thick. 2Z- R- pennsylvanicus. Heads of achenes globose, about 8 mm. thick. 24. R. Macoiinii. MULTIFIDI. Leaf-blades deeply cordate at the base; primary divisions lobed or dissected. 25. R. Purshii. Leaf-blades truncate or slightly cordate at the base ; primary lobes merely crenate or entire. 26. R. intertextus. 1. Ranunculus reptans L. {R. Flammida rcptans E. Mej-er) On sandy shores from Lab. to Alaska, N. J., Utah and Ore. — Alt. 5000-10,000 ft. — Vicinity of Como ; bank of Michigan, North Park ; Trapper's Lake ; plains and foot-hills near Boulder; Ward; Gunnison; Parlin; Twin Lakes; Steam- boat Springs. 2. Ranunculus unguiculatus Greene. In wet places in the mountains of Colo.— Alt. 9000-12,000 ft. — Grand Mesa ; Buffalo Pass ; near Pagosa Peak ; Deep Creek Lake, Garfield Co. ; Rabbit-Ear Range, Routt Co. ; Beaver Creek. 3. Ranunculus alismaefolius Geyer. {R. calthacfolius Greene) In wet places from Wyo. to Nev., Colo., Utah and Ore.— Alt. 10,000-12,000 ft. — Deep Creek Lake ; Bear Creek Divide ; Cameron Pass ; Tennessee Pass ; Golden ; Berthoud Pass ; headw'aters of Clear Creek ; alpine ridges east of Middle Park. 4. Ranunculus Macauleyi A. Gray. In wet places, among rocks, on alpine peaks of Colo.— Alt. 10,000-12,000 ft. — Red Mountain; Carson; Pagosa Peak; West Spanish Peak; Bear Creek Divide; Hinsdale Co. 5. Ranunculus ellipticus Greene. (R. glaberrimiis Coulter, in part.) In wet places from Mont, to B. C, Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 5000-12,000 ft. — Rist. Cafion; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; gulch west of Bellone; Dixon Cafion; foot of Horsetooth Mountain ; Ft. Collins ; Berthoud Pass. 6. Ranunculus cardiophyllus Hook. {R. afHms cardiophyllus A. Gray) In wet meadows and bogs from Sask. to Colo. — Alt. 5000-10,000 ft. — Table Rock; gulch east of Stove Prairie; Campton's ranch, 12 miles below Grand Lake; Veta Pass; Twin Lakes; Tennessee Pass; Graham's Peak; divide be- tween Colorado Springs and Denver; Eldora to Baltimore. RANUNCULACEAE. 145 7. Ranunculus inamoenus Greene. In meadows and along streams from Mont, to N. M. and Utah. — Alt. 7000-10,000 ft. — Silverton; Boreas; Mancos; Breckenridge ; Bob Creek ; Veta Mountain ; Cucharas River, above La Veta ; Manitou ; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek ; Los Pinos ; West Indian Creek ; Palsgrove Canon ; Grand Mesa ; Caribou ; Berthoud Pass ; Eldora to Baltimore; Rabbit-Ear Range, Routt Co. 8. Ranunculus micropetalus (Greene) Rydb. (R. afUnis micropetalus Greene) In wet meadows and along streams from Colo, to Utah and Ariz. — Alt. 7000-11,000 ft. — Rico; Silverton; gulch east of Stove Prairie; Rabbit-Ear Pass ; Chambers' Lake ; Ironton Park, 9 miles south of Ouray ; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; Iron Mountain; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta; West Spanish Peak. 9. Ranunculus aflSnis R. Br. In alpine bogs and meadows from Sask. to Alaska and Colo. — Alt. 7000-12,000 ft. — Stove Prairie Hill; Boreas; West Indian Creek; Eldora to Baltimore. 10. Ranunculus Eschscholtzii Schlecht. In wet alpine or subarctic localities from W\o. to Alaska, Colo., Nev. and Wash. — Mt. Heseprus, at timber line; Mt. Barrett. 11. Ranunculus alpeophilus A. Nels. In wet places near the snow from Mont, to Colo. — Alt. 9000-12,000 ft. — Boreas; Trapper's Lake; Beaver Creek; Mt. Abram, Ouray ; Alpine Tunnel ; Tennessee Pass ; Caribou ; Berthoud Pass. 12. Ranunculus ocreatus Greene. In wet places on alpine peaks in Colo. — Head of Leroux Creek, Delta Co. ; Mt. Hesperus, at timber line ; Mt. Abram, Ouray. 13. Ranunculus ovalis Raf. (R. rhomboidcus Goldie.) In meadows from Lab. to Athabaska, Que. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-7500 ft. — Stove Prairie Hill ; Table Rock ; Cherry Creek, El Paso Co. 14. Ranunculus adoneus A. Gray. On alpine peaks from Wyo. to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 10,000-12,000 ft. — Mountains about Graymont; above Beaver Creek ; above timber line, West Como Pass ; Berthoud Pass ; Georgetown ; south fork of Cache la Poudre River; Cameron Pass; Ward, Boulder Co.; Spicer, Larimer Co. 15. Ranunculus abortivus L. In woods and wet grounds from Lab. to Sask., Fla. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Rist Canon ; Pennock's mountain ranch; Walton Creek; Victoria; Clear Creek; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta ; Cascade ; Ft. Collins ; Cameron Pass ; Steamboat Springs. 16. Ranunculus micranthus Nutt. In rich woods from Mass. to Sask., Pa. and Colo. — Twin Lakes. 17. Ranunculus sceleratus L. In swamps and ditches from N. B. to Wyo., Fla. and Colo. — -Villa Grove. 18. Ranunculus eremogenes Greene. In swamps and on lake shores from Sask. to Alb., N. M. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Poudre, near La Porte; Ft. Collins ; Montrose ; Placer ; near Boulder ; Gunnison ; Black Canon ; New Windsor ; Arboles ; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta. 19. Ranunculus Douglasii Howell. {R, tenellus Nutt. ; not Viv.) On river banks and wet meadows from Mont, to Alaska, Colo, and Calif. — Alt. about 8500 ft. — Leroux Creek, Delta Co. 10 146 RANUNCULACEAE. 20. Ranunculus Bongardii Greene. (R. ti'iicllus Lyallii A. Gray) Along streams from Mdiit. to Alaska, Colo, and Ore. — Near Wyoming line, North Park. 21. Ranunculus Earlei Greene. Along mountain streams in Colo. — Alt. up to lo.ooo ft. — Gore Pass; Leroux Creek; Hotchkiss, Delta Co.; Mancos; Bob Creek. 22. Ranunculus acriformis A. Gray. Along streams in Wyo. and northern Colo. — -Mt. up to 9000 ft. — 'Laramie River. 23. Ranunculus pennsylvanicus L. f. On river banks from N. S. to Ida., Ga. and Colo. — Alamosa. 24. Ranunculus Macounii Britton. Along streams and in wet places from Ont. to Alb., Iowa and Colo. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Ft. Collins; Bear River; Steamboat Springs; Durango; bank of Michigan, Walden; New Windsor; Gunnison ; Mancos ; Middle Park ; La Veta ; Kremmling ; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta ; Routt Co. ' 25. Ranunculus Purshii Richardson. (/^. »n(//;'^dw.y Coult., in part) In water and on muddy flats from N. S. to Alaska, Ont., Colo, and Ore. — Alt. 4000- 10,000 ft. — Laramie River ; above Beaver Creek ; Ft. Collins ; bank of Michi- gan, at Walden ; Front Range, Larimer Co. ; Wahatoya Creek ; Parlin, Gun- nison Co.; stream 12 miles below Grand Lake; Gunnison. 26. Ranunculus intertextus Greene. {R. hypcrboreus natans Coult. ; not Regel ; R. natans A. Gray ; not Meyer) In water in Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 8000-10,000 ft. — ^Vicinity of Como ; Graymont ; Georgetown ; Breckenridge ; Cassell's; South Park; Empire City. 15. HALERPESTES Greene. 1. Halerpestes Cymbalaria (Pursh) Greene. {Ranunculus Cymbalaria Pursh; Oxygraphis Cymbalaria Prantl) In wet and especially alkaline soil from Lab. to Alaska, N. J. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-10,000 ft. — Ft. Collins; Pueblo ; Gypsum ; Trail Creek ; Graymont ; Colorado Springs ; Montrose ; Grizzly Creek; Durango; Arboles; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Walsenburg; Parlin ; Ouray ; Palsgrove Caiion. 16. CYRTORRHYNCHA Nutt. Sepals broadly rounded-ovate, not clawed ; petals usually wanting. I. C. neglecta. Sepals spatulate or obovate, clawed ; petals usually present. Leaf segments thick, mostly acute ; panicle corymbiform. 2. C. ranuncuUna. Leaf segments thin, broad ; inflorescence not corymbiform. 3. C. rupestris. 1. Cyrtorrhyncha neglecta Greene. In the inountains of Colo. — Horsetooth Mountain ; Golden City. 2. Cyrtorrhyncha ranunculina Nutt. In the mountains of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 6000-8000 ft. — Hills west of Soldier Caiion ; Rist Cation ; foot-hills, Ft. Collins ; Howe's Gulch, Larimer Co. ; Spring Caiion ; Horsetooth Mountain ; Dixon Canon; Green Mountain Falls; Ohio Creek. 3. Cyrtorrhyncha rupestris Greene. In the mountains of Colorado. — Black Canon. RANUNCULACEAE. 147 17. THALICTRUM L. Meadow-Rue. Flowers perfect. Plant 2 dm. or less high; achenes turgid; filaments filiform, i. T. alpinum. Plant 3-10 dm. high ; achenes flat and very oblique ; filaments clavate. 2. T. sparsiflorum. Flowers dioecious or polygamous. Achenes turgid, thick-walled ; ribs thick and almost corky, separated by acute grooves. Plants polygamous ; stem-leaves subsessile. Achenes, petioles and lower surface of the leaves decidedly viscid-pubescent. 3. T. dasycarpuni. Achenes, petioles and the lower surface of the leaves glabrous or slightly viscid-puberulent. 4- T. piirpurasccns. Plants dioecious ; stem-leaves petioled. 5. T. venulosum. Achenes more or less flattened, thin-walled ; ribs not thick, separated by wide shallow rounded grooves ; achenes not twice as long as broad, decidedly oblique. 6. T. Fendleri. 1. Thalictrum alpinum L. In alpine and arctic bogs from Greenl. to Alaska, Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 9000-12,000 ft. — Como; Alpine Tunnel; Seven Lakes ; Tennessee Pass ; near Wj'oming line, North Park ; Hamor's Lake, above Durango ; West Indian Creek ; Pike's Peak ; headwaters of Clear Creek ; alpine ridges east of Middle Park. 2. Thalictrum sparsiflorum Turcz. In wet ground from Mont, to Alaska, Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 6000-8500 ft. — Happy Hollow ; near Georgetown ; Carle- ton Lake ; Parlin ; Long Gulch, Larimer Co. ; Minnehaha ; headwaters of Clear Creek; Empire. 3. Thalictrum dasycarpum Fisch. & Lall. In wet meadows from Ont. to Sask. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Ft. Collins; La Veta; New Windsor; bank of river, Larimer Co.; Wahatoya Creek; Pagosa Springs; Walsenburg. 4. Thalictrum purpurascens L. {T. Cornuti Torr., in part; not L.) In wet meadows from N. S. to Sask., Fla. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Along the Poudre; Ft. Collins and La Porte; plains and foot-hills near Boulder. 5. Thalictrum venulosum Trelease. On hills and in open woods from Man. to B. C. and Colo. — Alt. 5000-12,000 ft. — Dillon Cafion; Cache la Poudre; Gunnison ; Estes Park ; Cumberland Mine, La Plata Mountains. 6. Thalictrum Fendleri Engelm. In the mountains from Wyo. to N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 6000-10,000 ft. — Foot-hills, Larimer Co. ; Dillon Caiion, Trinidad ; gulch west of Pennock's ; Livermore ; Steamboat Springs ; Four- Mile Hill, Routt Co.; vicinity of Ouray; Villa Grove; Ute Pass; Dillon; foot of Pike's Peak; Veta Pass; West Indian Creek; North Cheyenne Cafion; Mancos ; Silver Plume ; Idaho Springs ; Arboles ; Pagosa Peak ; Chicken Creek; Bob Creek; Colorado Springs; Turkey Creek; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Eldora to Baltimore. Family 55. NYMPHAEACEAE DC. Water-lily Family. I. NYMPHAEA L. Yellow Water-lily. I. Nymphaea polysepala (Engelm.) Greene. In lakes and slow streams from Mont, to Alaska, Colo, to Calif.— Alt. up to 11,000 ft. — Chambers' Lake; Bierstadt Lake. 148 i',i:Rni:Rii).\ci:Ai:. Family 56. BERBERIDACEAE. Barhkrrv Famii.v. Primary leaves of the shoots reduced to spines ; in their axils short branches with secondary, unifoliatc leaves. i. Bkrberis. Primary leaves of the shoots pinnate ; no spines. 2. Odostkmon. I. BERBERIS L. Barberky. 1. Berberis Fendleri A. Gray. In the mountains of Colo, and N. M. — Alt. 6000-7000 ft. — Durango; Manccs; Arbolcs; Mancos Canon. 2. ODOSTEMON Raf. Oregon Grapes. Fruit becoming dry and inflated at maturity; leaflets less than 3 cm. long; shrub 15-36 dm. high. i. O. Freinontii. Fruit fleshy, not inflated at maturity ; leaflets 3-6 cm. long ; shrub prostrate, 1-3 dm. high. 2. O. Aquifolittiu. 1. Odostemon Fremontii (Torr.) Rydb. (Berberis Fremontii Torr.) In the mountains of Colo., Utah, N. M. and Ariz. — Smith Fork Cailon, Delta Co. 2. Odostemon Aquifolium (Pursh) Rydb. {Berberis Aquifoliitm Pursh ; B. rcpens Lindl.) On hills from Mont, and Ida. to N. M. and Calif. — Alt. 4000- 10,000 ft. — Vicinity of Ilorsetooth; Horsctooth Gulch; Rist Canon; Clear Creek Caiion, above Golden; Platte Canon; Ouray; Snake River; hills south- east of La Veta ; East Indian Creek ; Veta Mountain ; caiion of La Plata River ; foot-hills, Larimer Co. ; about Ouray ; Lake City ; near Boulder. Order 26. PAPAVERALES. Sepals 2 or 3 ; endosperm present. Flowers regular; stamens in ours numerous. 57. Papaveraceae. Flowers irregular ; stamens 6, diadelphous. 58. Fumariaceae. Sepals 4, rarely more ; endosperm wanting. Capsule 2-celled ; stamens 6, tetradynamous, rarely 2 or 4. 59. Brassicaceae. Capsule i-celled; stamens not tetradynamous, 6 or more. 60. Capparidaceae. Family 57. PAPAVERACEAE Juss. Poppy F'amily. Capsule opening by many dentiform lids under the stigma ; placentae ceptiform. I. Papaver. Capsule opening by 4-6 valves at the summit ; placentae nerviform. 2. Argemone. I. PAPAVER L. Poppy. 1. Papaver radicatum Rottb. (P. alpinimi and P. niidicaule A. Gray; not L.) In arctic regions and on alpine mountain tops from Greenl. and Lab. to Alaska and in Colo. ; also in Europe. — Alt. 13,000-14,000 ft. — Gray's Peak. 2. ARGEMONE L. Prickly Poppy. Corolla yellow. i. A. mexicana. Corolla white. Stem unarmed or prickly, but not hispid pubescent. 2. A. intermedia. Stem hispid pubescent as well as spiny ; leaf-blades deeply and usually doubly lobed. 3. A. hispida. PAPAVERACEAE. 149 1. Argemone mexicana L. Introduced from Mexico and sparingly estab- lished from N. J. to Fla. and N. M. It has been reported from Colorado, but doubtful. 2. Argemone intermedia Sweet. (A. platyceras Coult., in part) In sandy soil, on the plains and in the foot-hills, in canons and draws from S. D. to Wyo., Tex. and Mex. — Alt. 4000-7500 ft. — Dixon Cafion ; Spring Cafion ; Trinidad ; Manitou ; Black Caiion ; plains and foot-hills near Boulder ; New Windsor; Ft. Collin.s. 3. Argemone hispida A. Gray. {A. bipiiinatiiida Greene) On sandy soil, on the plains and in the foot-hills, from Wyo. to Utah and N. M.— Alt. 4500- 9000 ft. — Ft. Collins; along Platte River, Denver; Huerfano Valley, near Gardner; Veta Pass; west of New Windsor; foot-hills, Colorado Springs; plains and foot-hills near Boulder; Redcliffe. Family 58. FUMARIACEAE. Fumitory Family. Capsule 2-valved, several-seeded. i. Capnoides. Fruit globose, indehiscent, i -seeded. 2. Fumaria. I. CAPNOIDES Adans. Corydalis. Annual or biennial ; corolla yellow. Bracts narrowly lanceolate; pod torulose, pedulous. i. C. aureum. Bracts ovate-lanceolate, ovate or obovate ; pod erect on curved pedicels, not torulose. 2. C. montanum. Perennials with thickened roots ; corolla white or tinged with purple. 3. C. Brandegei. 1. Capnoides aureum (Willd.) Kuntze. (Corydalis aiirca Willd.) Among bushes, in open woods and on hillsides, from N. S. to Alaska, Pa. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-10,000 ft. — Dillon Cafion, Trinidad; above Beaver Creek; Platte River Valley; Stove Prairie Hill; Trail Creek; near Boulder; mountains between Sunshine and Ward; Engelmann Cafion; Ouray; Villa Grove; Georgetown; river bank near Ft. Collins; West Indian Creek; Green Moun- tain Falls; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta; South Park; Manitou; West Mancos Caiion; Ward, Boulder Co.; Sapinero; Minnehaha; Marshall Pass; Pike's Peak; mountain sides near Empire; Ute Pass; Walden, Larimer Co. 2. Capnoides montanum (Engelm.) Britton. (Corydalis aurea occidentalis A. Gray; Capnoides pachylohum Greene) On river banks and in caiions from S. D. to Utah, Tex. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Trinidad; gulch west of Soldier Canon; Horsetooth Gulch; foot-hills of Larimer Co.; Howe's Gulch; Los Pinos; hills southeast of La Veta; Arboles; near Boulder; Rist Canon ; Spring Canon ; Poudre flats ; Trinidad ; Manitou ; mountains between Sunshine and Ward; New Windsor; Upper West Mancos Caiion. 3. Capnoides Brandegei (S. Wats.) Heller. (Corydalis Brandegei S. Wats.) In the mountains of Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 9000-10,000 ft. — ^Leroux Creek; Crystal Creek; Ruby; near Pagosa Peak; Piedra Mountains. 2. FUMARIA L. Fumitory. I. Fumaria officinalis L. Introduced from Europe and established locally from N. S. to Fla., Colo, and Tex. — Ft. Collins. 150 BRASSIACKAH. Family 59. BRASSIACEAE I.ind. Mlstakd Family. I. Pods sessile or short-stii)il.itc- (in two species of TItclypodium) ; sepals erect or coniveiit in anthcsis ; anthers not twisted (except in Thclypodium). A. Pods compressed or flattened contrary to the narrow partition. Pods not didymous ; plants not densely stellate, except in Smcloicskya. Pods orbicular, oval or cuneale, strongly flattened ; plant not stellate. Cells of the pod i -seeded. Pods ovate-cordate, acute at the apex, neither winged nor retuse. I. Cakdakia. Pods orbicular, elliptic or rarely ovate, retuse or notched at the apex, usually winged. 2. I.f.imdium. Cells of the pods 2-seeded. Pods more or less winged ; cotyledons acumbent ; hairs of the plant simple or none. 3- Thlaspi. Pods cuneate, wingless ; cotyledons incumbent ; plants with branched hairs. 4- Bursa. Pods ovate or lanceolate, not strongly flattened ; plant stellate. 5. Smelowskya. Pods more or less didymous ; plants stellate. Seeds solitary in each cell ; pods strongly flattened. 6. Dithyrea. Seeds several in each cell; pods more or less inflated. 7. Physaria. B. Pods neither compressed nor flattened contrary to the partition. I. .A.nthers not sagittate at the base. a. Pods terete or tetragonal. Pods short, scarcely more than twice as long as broad, or less. Cotyledons accumbent ; valves of the pods nerveless. Pubescence stellate ; seeds flat. 8. Lesquerella. Pubescence not stellate; seeds terete. 10. Roripa. Cotyledons incumbent or folded transversely ; valves of the pod i-nerved; pubescence not densely stellate. g. Camelina. Pods long, several times as long as broad. Pods scarcely beaked, merely tipped by a short style or a sessile stigma. Pods terete or nearly so. Seeds in two rows in each cell of the pod. Valves of the pod nerveless ; seeds globose or oblong, turgid ; cotyledons accumbent. 10. Roripa. Valves of the pods i-nerved ; cotyledons at least partly in- cumbent. , Seeds flattened; leaves entire or toothed 11. Turritis. Seeds turgid; leaves pintiatifid. 13. Sophia. Seeds in one row in each cell of the pod. Glabrous perennials with creeping rootstocks. 12. Schoenocrambe. More or less hairy annuals or perennials with tap-roots. Pubescence of simple hairs ; leaves runcinate or entire. 12a. Sisymbrium. Pubescence of forked hairs ; leaves pinnately dissected. 13. Sophia. Pods 4-angled. Stem leaves clasping by a cordate base. 23. Conringia. Stem leaves not clasping. Corolla white. 14. Stenophragma. Corolla yellow. Seeds plump ; leaf-blades entire or toothed. 15. Erysimum. Seeds flat; leaf-blades pinnatifid. 16. Barbarea. Pod with a long distinct beak. Beak flat and sword-like. 17. Sinapis. Beak elongated, conic or 4-angled. 18. Brassica. b. Pod flattened parallel to the broad partition. BRASSIACEAE. 151 Pod orbicular ; valves convex, with flattened margins ; filaments dilated and toothed near the base. 19. Allyssum. Pod oblong, ovate or linear, rarely nearly orbicular ; valves flat, or if convex not with flattened margins ; filaments unappendaged. Valves nerveless. Valves not elastically dehiscent ; seeds in two rows ; pod usually short. 20. Draba. Valves elastically dehiscent ; seeds in one row ; pod long. 21. Cardamine. Valves nerved and reticulate, not elastically dehiscent. Pod short, from orbicular to linear-oblong. 20. Draba. Pods elongated-linear. Cotyledons accumbent. 22. Arabis. Cotyledons incumbent. 23. Conringia. 2. Anthers sagittate at the base. Calyx campanulate, open ; petals ample. Pod flat. 24. Streptanthus. Pod terete or tetragonal. 26. Thelypodium. Calyx urn-shaped, closed ; blades of the petals narrow, undulate-crisp. 25. Euklisia. II. Pod terete long-stipitate ; sepals spreading in anthesis ; anthers curved and spirally twisted. 27. Stanleya. I. CARD ARIA Desv. I. Cardaria Draba (L.) Desv. {Lepidium Draba L.) Introduced from Europe ; in waste places from W\ o. to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 4000-5000 ft. — Palisades ; Grand Junction ; near Boulder. 2. LEPIDIUM L. Pepper-grass. Style evident, at least equalling the wing-margins of the fruit. Nome of the leaves pinnatifid. Blades of the basal leaves truncate and 3-toothed at the apex. I. L. spatulatum. Blades of the basal leaves acute, serrate or crenate. 2. L. crenatum. Basal leaves at least pinnatifid. Segments of the basal leaves short obovate or broadly oblanceolate in outline. 3. L. montanum. Segments of the basal leaves elongated, linear, oblong or lanceolate. Only the lowest leaves pinnatifid ; pod broadly oval ; style scarcely longer than the width of the wing-margin. 4. L. alyssoides. Lower stem-leaves also pinnatifid ; pod narrower, acutish at both ends ; style about twice as long as the wing-margin. Plant low, 3 dm. high or less ; leaves or their lobes narrowly linear. 5. L. Jonesii. Plant tall, 4-8 dm. high ; upper leaves broadly linear or oblong. 6. L. Eastu'oodiae. Style obsolete, at least much shorter than the wing-margin of the fruit, or stigma subsessile. Petals conspicuous, at least equalling the sepals, spatulate or obovate. Blades of the petals broadly obovate, much exceeding the sepals : style short. 7. L. idahoense. Blades of the petals spatulate ; style none. Cotyledons accumbent ; petals broadly spatulate. 8. L. virginicum. Cotyledons incumbent ; petals narrowly spatulate. Stem glabrous or nearly so ; petals well exceeding the sepal. 9. L. medium. Stem glandular puberulent ; petals about equalling the sepal. 10. L. ramosum. 152 RRASSIACKAE. Petals none or minute, scarcely more lli.in half as long as the sepals, linear or linear-spatulafc. Plant branched at the base ; petals often present. Axillary racemes very short and dense, usually shorter than the leaves ; petals more than half as long as the sepals. ii. L. ramosissimum. Axillary racemes at last elongated ; petals very minute or none. 12. L. diver gens. Plant simple below, branched above ; petals none ; racemes elongated. 13. L. densiftorum. 1. Lepidium spathulatum (Robinson) Vascy. (L. scopulorum spathulatum Robinson) In the mountains of Colo.— Between Meeker and Craig; head- waters of Bear Creek. 2. Lepidium crenatum (Greene) Rydb. {Thelypodium crenaliim Greene) In river valleys of Colo, and Utah. — Paonia ; Mancos. 3. Lepidium montanum Nutt. In rnountain valleys and on plains from Wyo. to Wash., Colo, and Ariz.; also in Mex.— Alt. 7000-10,000 ft.— Pitkin; Lake City. 4. Lepidium alyssoides A. Gray. In river valleys from Colo, to Tex. and Ariz.; also in Mc.x.— Alt. 5000-8000 ft. — Grand Junction; Conejos River, north of Antonito ; Alamosa. 5. Lepidium Jonesii Rydb. In mountain valleys of Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Palisades; Grand Junction; Spring Canon; Montrose. 6. Lepidium Eastwoodiae Wooton. In river valleys of Colo, and N. M. — Alt. 5000-9000 ft. — Glenwood Springs; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Pueblo Co. 7. Lepidium idahoense Heller. In sandy river valley in Ida. and Colo. — • Alt. up to 7000 ft. — South of Horsetooth Mountain ; Spring Caiion ; foot-hills, Larimer Co. 8. Lepidium virginicum L. In waste places from Que. to Minn., Fla. and Tex. — Alt. 7000-10,000 ft. — Along the Conejos River, north of Antonito; Horsetooth Gulch ; near Pagosa Peak. 9. Lepidium medium Greene. In waste places and on sandy soil from Mo. to Tex. and Calif. — Alt. 5000-7000 ft. — Grand Junction ; gulch west of Pen- nock's; Reno; Larimer Co.; plains and foot-hills near Boulder; Lower Boulder Canon. 10. Lepidium ramosum A. Nels. In arid soil from S. D. to Wyo., Colo, and Utah. — Alt. up to 10,000 ft. — Vicinity of Como ; Wolcott, Eagle Co. 11. Lepidium ramosissimum A. Nels. In arid soil from Neb. to Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Pitkin ; plains. Colorado Springs. 12. Lepidium divergens Osterh. In the mountains of Colo. — Tennessee Pass. 13. Lepidium densiflorum Schrad. (L. apctalum Aschers. ; not Willd. ; L. intermedium A. Gray) In waste places and sandy soil from Me. to Alb., DC. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Quimby; Ft. Collins; New Windsor, Weld Co. ; plains, Larimer Co. ; Arboles ; chaparral-covered hills southeast of Ouray; Dix. 3. THLASPI L. Penny-grass. Pod orbicular in outline, broadly wing-margined and deeply notched at the apex. I. T. arvense. Pods obovate or cuneate in outline, with narrow margins, truncate or slightly notched at the apex. BRASSIACEAE. 153 Pods emarginate ; sinus narrow. Rootstock rather slender ; stem 1-2 dm. high ; petals spatulate, about 5 mm. long. 2. T. Nnttallii. Rootstock stout, densely caespitose ; stems less than i dm. high ; petals broadly obovate, 6-7 mm. long. 3- T. coloradciise. Pods truncate or nearly so at the apex ; sinus broad and open. Stem 2-2 dm. high ; stem-leaves ample, broader than the basal ones ; sepals green. 4- T. glaucum. Stems I dm. high or less ; stem-leaves reduced ; sepals and often also petals purplish. 5. T. ptirptirascens. 1. Thlaspi arvense L. In waste places from Lab. to B. C, N. Y. and Colo. Introduced from Europe. — Alt. 5000-10,000 ft. — Quimby; Silverton; plains and foot-hills near Boulder; Pass Creek. 2. Thlaspi Nuttallii Rydb. (T. cochleariforme Nutt. ; not DC.) Among rocks in the mountains from Mont, to Wash, and Colo. — Alt. 8000-12,000 ft. — Dead Lake; Minturn, Eagle Co.; Bob Creek; banks of Michigan Creek, near Teller; North Park. 3. Thlaspi coloradense Rydb. In wet places, among rocks, on the peaks, in Colo. — Alt. 6000-14,400 ft. — Foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Gray's Peak; along Beaver Creek ; above timber line, west of Cameron Pass ; Sierra Blanca ; sum- mit of Pike's Peak; Grand Mesa; west slope of Bald Mountain; Clear Creek; Red Mountain, south of Ouray; Seven Lakes; Los Pinos; Tennessee Pass; Cheyenne Mountain ; West Spanish Peak ; South Cheyenne Canon ; Massif de I'Arapahoe; Spicer, Larimer Co. 4. Thlaspi glaucum A. Nels. In mountain valleys and caiions from Ida. to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 8000-13,000 ft. — Spring Canon; Red Mountain; Pike's Peak Valley; Silver Plume; Gray's Peak; Bob Creek; Cameron Pass; Pass Creek ; near fronton, San Juan Co. ; Rabbit-Ears, Larimer Co. 5. Thlaspi purpurascens Rydb. Among rocks, on the peaks of Colo, and Ariz. — Alt. 7000-14,300 ft. — Gray's Peak ; Cimarron ; Spring Caiion ; Horse- tooth Gulch ; gulch west of Dixon Caiion ; Rist Caiion ; Table Rock ; Front Range, Larimer Co. ; Dixon Cafion ; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek ; Iron Mountain; Eldora to Baltimore. 4. BURSA Weber. Shepherd's Purse. I. Bursa Bursa-pastoris (L.) Britton. In waste places and fields from Lab. to Wash, and Calif. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Quimby ; Table Rock ; Ft. Collins ; hills about Box Caiion, west of Ouray; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Mancos. 5. SMELOWSKIA. Segments of basal leaves spatulate. i. 5". americana. Segments of the basal leaves linear or linear-oblong. 2. S. lineariloha. 1. Smelowskia americana Rydb. iS. calycina B. & H. ; not C. A. Mey.) On the higher mountain tops from Mont, to Colo, and Nev. — Alt. 10,000- 12,000 ft. — Cumberland Basin, La Plata Mountains; Devil's Causeway; moun- tain northwest of Como ; Ragged Mountain, Gunnison Co. ; Mt. Abram, Ouray. 2. Smelowskia lineariloha Rydb. On alpine peaks of Colo. — Alt. 12,000- 14,000 ft. — Douglass Mountain ; Georgetown ; Silver Plume ; northwest of Como; near fronton, San Juan Co.; Mt. Bartlett, Robinson. 154 BRASS lACKAE. 6. DITHYREA ll.nv. 1. Dithyrea Wislizeni luiRclm. In dry regions from Tex. and Colo, to Utali and Ari^.- -Alt. 4500-6000 ft. — Valley of the San Juan (Brandegce). 7. PHYSARIA A. Gray. Double Bladder-pod. Pods deeply cordate at the base ; lower sinus almost as deep as the upper. I. P. didymocarpa. Pods not cordate at the base or slightly so : lower sinus none or very shallow. Basal leaves or at least some of them more or less fiddle-shaped. Leaves of the decumbent flowering stems reduced ; terminal lobe of the basal leaves rounded or reniform, very obtuse, entire. 2. P. vitiilifera. Leaves of the ascending flowering stems ample ; terminal lobe of the basal leaves rhombic or ovate, obtuse or acute, sinuate. 3. P. floribuuda. Basal leaves oblanceolate or spatulate, acute, not fiddle-shaped, 2-4 cm. long. 4. P. acuti folia. 1. Physaria didymocarpa (Hook.) A. Gray. On dry hills from Sask. and Alb. to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 5000-7000 ft. — Blufifs north of La Porte; Ft. Collins; Ruxton; Durango; Mancos. 2. Physaria vitulifera Rydb. In mountain valleys and canons of Colo. — Alt. 8000-10,000 ft. — Palisades ; Idaho Springs ; Grand Junction ; headwaters of Clear Creek; alpine ridges east of Middle Park; Bear Creek Canon. 3. Physaria floribunda Rydb. In mountain valleys of Colo. — Alt. 5000- 9000 ft. — Plains and foot-hills near Boulder; Wolcott : Veta Pass; Golden, Jefiferson Co. ; Cimarron ; Sangre de Cristo Creek ; Clear Creek Canon ; Hotchkiss; Eldora to Baltimore. 4. Physaria acutifolia Rydb. On dry hills in Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 5000- 10,500 ft. — Grand Junction; Ruxton Ridge; North Cheyenne Cafion; Steam- boat Springs. 8. LESQUERELLA S. Wats. Bladder-pod. Ovary and pod stellate-pubescent. Pods ovoid or ellipsoid. Pods distinctly compressed and acute at the apex. Pods 6-8 mm. long ; plant usually over i dm. high. Basal leaf-blades broadly oval ; septum elliptic in outline : style equalling the pod in length. i. L. Shearis. Basal leaf-blades oblanceolate to obovate ; septum ovate in outline ; style much shorter than the pod. 2. L. curvipes. Pods 3-5 mm. long ; plant i dm. or less high. Leaves narrowly linear-oblanceolate ; plant pulvinate. 3. L. alpiiia. Leaves narrowly linear ; plant multicipital with a subterranean woody caudex. 4. L. parvitla. Pods not compressed above. Basal leaf-blades rounded or broadly spatulate. Stem-leaves small, generally less than i cm. long, linear-oblanceolate. 5. L. prostrata. Stem-leaves oblanceolate to obovate, 1-2 cm. long. 6. L. montana. Basal leaf-blades linear-oblanceolate. 7. L. arenosa. Pods globose. Stem very slender ; stem-leaves oblanceolate, 1-3 cm. long. 7. L. arenosa. Stem stouter, strict ; stem-leaves linear, 2-6 cm. long. 8. L. argentea. Ovary and pod glabrous, globose. BRASSIACEAE. " 155 Basal leaf-blades oblanceolate. Plant usually over 3 dm. high ; flowers and fruit corymbose. 9. L. Engelnianni. Plant usually less than 3 dm. high ; inflorescence at least in fruit elongated, racemose. 10. L. stenophylla. Basal leaves broadly oval. 11. L. ovalifolia. 1. Lesquerella Shearis Rydb. On plains and foot-hills of Colo. — Alt. 5000- 8000 ft. — Boulder ; Palmer Lake ; Idaho Springs. 2. Lesquerella curvipes A. Nels. On dry hills from Mont, to Colo. — Alt. up to 10,000 ft. — Como. 3. Lesquerella alpina (Nutt.) S. Wats. (Vesicaria alpina Nutt.) Dry Hills from N. D. and Mont, to Colo. — Florence; North Park. 4. Lesquerella parvula Greene. On dry hills in Colo. — Mt. Bross, Middle Park. 5. Lesquerella prostrata A. Nels. In dry places, in the mountains, from Ass. to Colo. — Alt. 5000-8000 ft. — Northern State line ; moimtain near Veta Pass ; between La Veta and Gardner. 6. Lesquerella montana (A. Gray) S. Wats. (Vesicaria montana A. Gray) On hillsides and in the mountains from Wyo. to N. M. — Alt. 5000-11,000 ft. — Larimer Co. ; Horsetooth Gulch ; Palmer Lake ; Fossil Creek ; Ft. Collins ; Rist Caiion, Larimer Co. ; Salida ; Mancos ; Trinidad ; mesas near Colorado Springs ; river bluffs north of La Veta ; Los Pinos ; plains near Denver ; hills southeast of La Veta ; Manitou ; Veta Pass ; South Park. 7. Lesquerella arenosa (Richardson) Rydb. On dry hills from Sask. to S. D. and Colo. — Dolores. 8. Lesquerella argentea (Pursh) MacM. {Vesicaria Ludoviciana DC.) On plains and dry hills from Minn, to N. D., Kans. and Colo. — Wray; north of Craig, Routt Co. ; Clear Creek ; 25 miles below Manitou. 9. Lesquerella Engelmanni (A. Gray) S. Wats. On dry mesas from Kans. and Colo, to Tex. and N. M.— Pueblo. 10. Lesquerella stenophylla (A. Gray) Rydb. (Vesicaria stenophylla A. Gray and V. Fendleri, in part.) On dry mesas from Colo, to Tex. and N. M. ; also in Mex. — Alt. 4000-5000 ft. — Florence ; Swallow's, between Pueblo and Cafion City; mesas near Pueblo; Brantly Caiion, Las Animas Co.; Pueblo. 11. Lesquerella ovalifolia Rydb. (L. ovata Greene.) On dry mesas and hillsides from Neb. to Colo, and Kans. — Alt. about 1500 m. — Mesas near Pueblo. ID. RORIPA Scop. Water-cress. Aquatics, usually immersed and rooting, with pinnate leaves and white petals. I. R. Nasturtium. Terrestrial or marsh plants with pinnatifid leaves and yellow petals (except in R. trachycarpa. Perennials with rootstocks ; petals much exceeding the sepals. Pods pappillose. Leaves thin ; petals white ; fruit recurved. 2. R. trachycarpa. Leaves thick ; petals yellow ; fruit erect. 3. R. calycina. Pods not papillose. 4. R. sinuata. Annuals or biennials. Pods spherical to oblong-ellipsoid ; in the latter case shorter than the pedicels. Pedicels 4-10 mm. long; pods 3-5 mm. long (rarely 6-7 mm. in R. palustris), 1.5-2 mm. thick. 156 BRASSIACEAE Stem more or less hirsute. 5. R. hisptda. Stem glabrous. Stem tall, 3-8 dm. high ; stigma prominent, 2-Iobed. 6. R. palustris. Stem low, divaricately branched, 1-3 dm. high ; stigma scarcely thicker than the style. 7. R. alpiua. Pedicels 2-5 mm. long ; pods globose. 8. R. sphaerocarpa. Pods oblong to lincar-cylindric, equalling or longer than the short pedicels. Style about i mm. long. Leaves nearly all pinnatifid with obtuse divisions. 9. R. obtusa. Leaves mostly sinuate, or, if pinnatifid, with acute divisions. Pods short, ellipsoid, straight on straight pedicels. 8. R. sphaerocarpa. Pods elongated ovoid, curved on curved pedicels. 10. R. curvipes. Style minute, 5 mm. or less long. Low, slender, less than 2 dm. high ; leaves not auricled at the base. 11. 7?. lyrata. Stouter, over 2 dm. high ; petioles of the stem-leaves auricled at the base. 12. R. Underwoodii. 1. Roripa Nasturtium (L.) Rusby. (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) In slow brooks and streams from N. S. to Wash., Va. and Calif. — Alt. 1200- 28CXD m. — Along Poudre, Ft. Collins; Durango ; plains and foot-hills near Boulder; about Ouray; swamp near Ft. Collins. 2. Roripa trachycarpa (A. Gray) Greene. {Nasturtium trachycarpum A. Gray) On river banks in Colo.— Alt. about 6000 ft. — Walsenburg; "South- western Colorado." 3. Roripa calycina (Engelm.) Rydb. (A^ calycinuni Engelm.) On sandy river bottoms from Mont, to Wash, and N. M. — Alt. about 5000 ft. — Ft. Collin?. 4. Roripa sinuata (Nutt.) A. S. Hitchc. (Nasturtium sinuatiim Nutt.) On river banks and in wet ground from Minn, to Wash., Mo. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Ft. Collins ; Horsetooth Gulch ; Gunnison ; New Wind- sor; mesas near Pueblo; Pike's Peak; near Boulder. 5. Roripa hispida (Desv.) Britton. (N. hispidum Desv.) In swamps from N. B. to the Mackenzie and B. C, south to Fla. and N. M. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Ft. Collins; Cache la Poudre banks; Quimby; plains and foot-hills near Boulder; Gunnison; Pass Creek. 6. Roripa palustris (L.) Bess. (N. palustre DC.) In swamps from Lab. to B. C, Ga., N. M. and Nev. — Alt. up to 10,000 ft. — Trapper's Lake; Du- rango; Twin Lakes. 7. Roripa alpina (S. Wats.) Rydb. (A'^. obtusum alpinum S. Wats.) In wet places in the mountains from Mont, and Ida. to Colo, and Utah. — Ft. Collins; Poudre Canon; Steamboat Springs; Fish Creek; Hotchkiss. 8. Roripa sphaerocarpa (A. Gray) Britton. (N. sphaerocarpum A. Gray; A''. obtusum sphaerocarpum S. Wats.) In wet places from Ills, to Wyo., Calif, and Ariz. — North Park, near Wyoming line ; near Ironton, San Juan Co. 9. Roripa obtusa (Nutt.) Britton. On sandy beaches and river banks from Mich, to Wash., Tex. and Utah. — Alt. 4000-10,000 ft. — New Windsor; Mt. Harvard; Massif de I'Arapahoe; Hotchkiss, Delta Co. 10. Roripa curvipes Greene. In wet places in mountain valleys of Colo, and Wyo. — Alt. 7000-8000 ft. — Squaw Hill, above Cimarron; Dale Creek, Larimer Co.; Gunnison. BRASSIACEAE. 157 II Roripa lyrata (Nutt.) Greene. (N. lyratiim Nutt.) In sandy wet soil from Mont, to Wash., Colo, and Calif. — New Windsor. 12. Roripa Underwoodii Rydb. In wet places in the mountains of Colo. — Alt. about 11,000 ft. — Red Mountain, south of Ouray. II. TURRITIS L. I, Turritis glabra L. (Arabis perfoliata Lam.) In waste places and on sandy soil from Que. and Alb. to Pa., Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Middle Park ; Mancos ; near Pagosa Peak ; Almelia ; Hotchkiss ; Platte Canon; Steamboat Springs. 12. SCHOENOCRAMBE Greene. Leaves all linear, entire. Plant decumbent, slender; pods ascending, more or less arcuate; style about i mm. long. i. 5. decnmbens. Plant erect, stouter ; pods erect or nearly so, straight ; style obsolete, 0.5 mm. or less long. 2. 5". linifolia. Some of the lower leaves pinnatifid. 3. ^. pinnata. 1. Schoenocrambe decumbens Rydb. In dry places from Mont, to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. up to 7000 ft. — Gypsum. 2. Schoenocrambe linifolia (Nutt.) Greene. {Sisymbrium linifolinm Nutt.) In dry places from Mont, to B. C, Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 5000-7000 ft. — Cimarron ; Arboles ; Grand Junction. 3. Schoenocrambe pinnata Greene. On dry hills from W30. to Colo, and Nev. — Alt. about 7000 ft. — Cimarron. 13. SISYMBRIUM L. Hedge Mustard. I. Sisymbrium oflScinale (L.) Scop. In waste places from Newf. to B. C, Fla. and Calif.; naturalized from Europe. — Platte near Denver (Eastzuood). 14. SOPHIA Adans. Herb-sophia, Tansey-mustard. Pedicels ascending or spreading. Pods linear, i mm. wide, somewhat curved ; seeds in one row. Pods 8-15 mm. long; stem simple or with ascending branches. Pods divergent ; segments of the uppermost leaves often entire. 1. 5. leptophylla. Pods ascending ; segments of the leaves all sharply cut-lobed. 2. S. incisa. Pods 5-8 mm. long ; stem diffusely branched. 3. S. purpurascens. Pods more or less clavate, 5-12 mm. long, 1-2 mm. wide: seeds usually in two more or less distinct rows. Pods 8-12 mm. long, mostly erect on spreading pedicels. Leaves and stem green, only sparingly stellate. Stem divaricately branched ; branches making with the stem an angle of 45° or more ; pedicels 8-10 mm. long, usually shorter than the pods. 4. 5'. ramosa. Stem simple or with erect or strongly ascending branches. Petals much exceeding the sepals ; terminal segments of the upper leaves usually elongated, linear, entire. 5. 5". Ulipes. Petals not much exceeding the sepals ; terminal segment of the upper leaves not elongated. 6. 5'. intermedia. Leaves and stem cinereous-stellate. 158 BRASSIACEAE. Petals longer than the sepals, ahout j mm. long : upper leaves mostly once pinnate, with elongated broad terminal segments. 7. S. andrenarum. Petals not longer than the sepals, about 1.5 mm. long; upper leaves usually more dissected : terminal segment narrow, not elongated. 8. S. halictorum. Pods s-8 mm. long. Pods acute above, acuminate below ; style obsolete. 9. S. piunata. Pods acuminate at both ends; style evident. 10. S. procera. Pedicels erect. Pods over i mm. thick. Plant green and almost glabrous. 10. 5". procera. Plant cinereous-pubescent. 11. 5". brcvipes. Pods about .75 mm. thick ; plant glandular pulicrulent, especially the inflores- cence, or glabrous. 12. .S". glandulifera. 1. Sophia leptophylla Rydb. In dry places from Wyo. and Ida. to Colo. — Alt. about 6500 ft. — Foot-hills, Larimer Co. ; Bosworth's ranch ; Stove Prairie. 2. Sophia incisa (Engelm.) Greene. On hillsides from Wyo. to N. M. — Alt. 6000-9000 ft. — Walcott ; Chicken Creek ; Idaho Springs ; southeast of La Veta; Mancos; west of Steamboat Springs; Horsetooth Gulch; Cimarron; Glenwood Springs, Garfield Co. 3. Sophia purpurascens Rydb. On mountain sides in Colo. — Alt. about 11,000 ft. — Known only from the type locality: Red Mountain, south of Ouray. 4. Sophia ramosa Rydb. On mountain sides in Colo. — Alt. about 9000 ft. — Known only from Pitkin. 5. Sophia filipes (A. Gray) Heller. On hillsides from N. D. and Wash, to Colo. — Mancos. 6. Sophia intermedia Rydb. On hillsides and prairies and in sandy soil from Mich, and B. C. to Tenn. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Sangre de Cristo Creek ; near Ironton, San Juan Co. ; Buena Vista ; Parlin ; Mancos ; plains near Denver; southeast and north of La Vela. 7. Sophia andrenarum Cockerell. On hillsides and in sandy valleys from Mont, and Wash, to N. M. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Caiion City; Walsenburg; river bluffs north of La Veta ; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta ; Ft. Collins ; New Windsor, Weld Co. ; Los Pinos ; near Poudre River ; Antonito. 8. Sophia halictorum Cockerell. In sandy valleys from Colo, and Utah to Tex. and N. M. — Alt. up to 6000 ft. — Walsenburg. 9. Sophia pinnata (Walt.) Howell. In sandy soil from Va. and Colo, to Fla. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-5500 ft. — Plains near Denver; mesas near Pueblo; Ft. Collins ; Cache la Poudre ; Lamar ; Gypsum ; New Windsor, Weld Co. 10. Sophia procera Greene. In sandy valleys from Wyo. to N. M. and Utah. — Alt. 7500-9000 ft. — Ironton Park, 9 miles south of Ouray ; Box Cation, west of Ouray; near Pagosa Peak; Tennessee Pass. 11. Sophia brevipes (Nutt.) Rydb. {Sisymbrium cancscens brevipes Nutt. ; ^. incismn Hartwcgiantim S. Wats.; (?) 5". Hartzvegianum Fourn.) In sandy valleys, among bushes, from Mackenzie to Minn, and Utah. — Man- cos ; east side Poudre River, above Ft. Collins ; Middle Park. 12. Sophia glandulifera Rydb. In sandy places from Wyo. to N. M. — La Veta. BRASSIACEAE. 1 -59 15. STENOPHRAGMA Celac. I. Stenophragma virgata (Nutt.) Greene. (Sisymbrium virgatum Nutt.) In dry places in Wyo. and Colo. — Exact locality not given {Hall & Harbour) ; McCoy's, Eagle Co. 16. ERYSIMUM L. Petals less than i cm. long. Petals 3-5 mm. long, i- E. clieimuthoides. Petals 8-10 mm. long. 2. E. parviflorum. Petals over i cm. long. Petals light yellow. Plants biennial or short-lived perennials ; not cespitose. Basal leaves, as well as the whole plant, grayish. Pods widely spreading, 5-8 cm. long, stout ; stem-leaves usually sinuate- dentate. 3- -E- aspeniiii. Pods strongly ascending or almost erect, 8-12 cm. long. Claws of the petals one-half longer than the sepals ; stem-leaves broadly oblanceolate, usually sinuate-dentate. 4. E. elatum. Claws of the petals scarcely exceeding the sepals ; stem-leaves entire or nearly so. Stem-leaves linear or nearly so ; pods usually twisted. 5. E. asperrimum. Stem-leaves oblanceolate ; pods straight. 6. E. oblanceolatum. Basal leaves, at least, silvery white ; stem leaves narrowly linear. Plants 2-3 dm. high ; stem-leaves sinuate-dentate. 7. E. Bakeri. Plants 1-2 dm. high; stem-leaves entire. 8. E. argillosiiin. Plants low cespitose perennials. Leaves entire-margined or nearly so. 9- E. nivale. Leaves sinuate-dentate. 10. E. radicatum. Petals varying from orange to dark brown or purple. Plant simple, 3-5 dm. high ; basal leaves 5-10 cm. long, oblanceolate. 11. £. Wheeleri. Plant cespitose. 1-2 dm. high : liasal leaves 2-4 cm. long, spatulate. 12. E. ainoenum. 1. Erysimum cheiranthoides L. In waste places, on river banks and among bushes, from Newf. and Alaska to Tenn. and Utah. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; Middle Park; along the Poudre; Ft. Collins; Grizzly Creek; North Park; New Windsor, Weld Co. 2. Erysimum parviflorum Nutt. {E. inconspicuurn (S.Wats.) MacM.) On hillsides from Minn, and Alb. to Colo, and Nev.— Alt. 5000-8000 ft.— Dix Post Office; Mancos; Durango; Ruxton. 3. Erysimum asperum DC. Dry plains and hills, Sask. to Ark. and Colo. — Alt. 4000-9500 ft. — Butte, 5 miles southwest of La Veta ; mountains between Sunshine and Ward. 4. Erysimum elatum Nutt. On hills from N. D.. Mont, and Wash, to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. up to 6000 ft. — Foot-hills, Larimer Co. ; Rist Cafion ; Horsetooth Gulch; Quimby; Cucharas River, below La Veta; Horsetooth Gulch; Pike's Peak; Crystal Park; Camp Creek, Larimer Co. 5. Erysimum asperrimum (Greene) Rydb. (Cheiranthus asperrimus Greene) On hills from S. D. and Mont, to N. M. and Ariz.— Alt. 5000- 9000 ft. — Sangre de Cristo Creek ; Minnehaha ; near Pueblo ; Manitou ; Wil- liams' Cafion, above Manitou; Spring Cafion; Table Rock; Trinidad; Dixon Caiion ; Howe's Gulch ; Horsetooth Gulch ; Rist Canon. 160 BRASSIACEAE. 6. Erysimum oblanceolatum Rydb. In the mountains of W'yo. and Colo. — Alt. 5000-11,000 ft. — (loldcn; near La Plata Post Office; Ilamor's Lake, above Durango; Williams' Canon; near Pueblo; Georgetown; Stove Prairie Hill; Cameron Pass; Dixon Canon; plains and foot-hills near Boulder; Alpine Tunnel ; Cimarron. 7. Erysimum Bakeri (Giccmk) Rydb. {Chicranthus aridus Greene; C. Balccri Greene) On dry bills in Colo, and N. M. — Golden City. 8. Erysimum argillosum (Greene) Rydb. (C. argillosus Greene) On dry mesas and bluffs of Colo. — Alt. about 5000 ft. — Pueblo; plains near Denver; bluffs north of La Porte. 9. Erysimum nivale (Greene) Rydb. (C. nivalis Greene) In the higher mountains of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 11,000-13,000 ft. — Mountains northeast of Boreas ; mountains above Graymont ; mountain northwest of Como ; above Ouray; Carson; Argentine Pass; Mt. Hesperus, above timber line; Slide Rock Canon; West La Plata Mountains. 10. Erysimum radicum Rydb. On the higher peaks of Colo. — Alt. 10,000- 13,000 ft. — Pike's Peak; Bottomless Pit. 11. Erysimum Wheeleri S. Wats. (E. aspcrum alpcstrc Cockerell) On dry hills and plains in the mountains from Colo, and Utah to Tex. and Ariz. — Alt. 5000-12,000 ft. — Mountains between Sunshine and Ward ; plains and foot-hills near Boulder ; East Indian Creek ; Turkey Creek and tributaries ; Veta Mountain; Ojo; west slope Bald Mountain; Slide Rock Caiion, West La Plata Mountains ; foot-hills near Ft. Collins ; mountains near Veta Pass ; headwaters of Pass Creek ; Horsetooth Gulch ; Howe's Gulch ; Montrose ; Dillon Canon ; Chicago Lakes ; near Boulder. 12. Erysimum amoenum (Greene) Rydb. (Clieiranthtis nivalis amocnus Greene.) On the higher peaks of Colo. — Alt. 10,000-13,000 ft. — La Plata Mountains; Silverton; near Ironton, San Juan Co.; Mt. Abram; mountains near Ouray; Berthoud Pass. 17. BARBAREA L. Winter-cress, Scurvy-grass. Pods sharply 4-angled, stout-pediceled ; leaf-segments 4-8 pairs, i. B. praecox. Pods obtusely 4-angled ; leaf-segments 1-4 pairs. 2. B. americana. 1. Barbarea praecox (J. E. Smith) R. Br. In waste places from N. Y. to Wash., Fla. and Calif.; sparingly introduced from Europe. — Hotchkiss. 2. Barbarea americana Rydb. (B. vulgaris gracilis S. Wats.; not DC.) In rich soil from Sask. and Mont, to Colo, and Nev. — Between Eldora and Baltimore. 18. SINAPIS L. White Mustard. I. Sinapis alba L. Introduced in grain fields and waste places from Me. to B. C. and Calif.— Ft. Collins. 19. BRASSICA L. Wild Mustard, Turnips, Cabbage. Pedicels 1-2 cm. long: plant glabrous. i. B. juncea. Pedicels about 5 mm. long ; plant sparingly hispid. 2. B. arvensis. I. Brassica juncea (L.) Coss. Sparingly introduced from Europe; in waste places from N. H. to Colo., Va. and N. M.— Alt. about 8000 ft.— Hills about Box Canon, west of Ouray. BRASSIACEAE. 161 2, Brassica arvensis (L.) B. S. P. (B. Sinapistnim Boiss.) Introduced from Europe and sometimes a troublesome weed in grain fields from Newf. to Alb. and Colo. — Ft. Collins. 20. ALYSSUM L. I. Alyssum alyssoides (L.) Gouan. {A. calycinum L.) In fields and waste places and on hillsides from N. H. and Iowa to N. J. and Colo. ; intro- duced from Europe. — Alt. about 5000 ft. — Boulder. 21. DRABA L. Whitlow-grass. Winter annuals or No. 7 sometimes perennial ; style obsolete. Pods hairy. Flowers white ; leaves all crowded on the lower part of the stem ; racemes short on long naked peduncles. Inflorescence even in fruit corymbiform ; petals minute or none. I. D. micrantha. Inflorescence in fruit elongated ; petals conspicuous. 2. D. coloradensis. Flowers yellow or in age sometimes whitish ; stem more or less leafy throughout. Basal leaves obovate, ovate or oblong ; stem-leaves ample ; pedicels longer than the pods. 3- D. nemorosa. Basal leaves oblanceolate or oblong ; stem-leaves smaller, oblong-lanceolate ; pedicels shorter than the pods. 4. D. montana. Pods glabrous. Stem more or less leafy. Basal leaves obovate; stem-leaves several, broad. 5. D. lutea. Basal leaves oblanceolate ; stem-leaves very few and small. 6. D. nitida. Stem scapiform or with a single leaf ; leaves in basal rosettes. Basal leaves oblanceolate or narrowly spatulate, hirsute. 7. D. crassifolia. Basal leaves narrowly linear-oblanceolate, glabrous, except the very sparingly ciliate margins. 8. D. Parryi. Perennials ; style usually evident. Plant scapose or nearly so ; leaves ciliate on the margins. Petals white. 9- D. Hadnizensis. Petals yellow. D. steptocarpa Grayana. Stem leafy. Petals white ; leaves stellate ; plant usually over i dm. high. 10. D. cana. Petals yellow. Plarits glabrous, except the margins of the leaves, which are occasionally ciliate. Leaves linear or narrowly linear-oblanceolate, thin. Leaves much shorter than the flowering stems ; pods lance-linear. 11. D. chrysantha. Leaves almost equalling the flowering stems ; pods ovate. 12. D. graminea. Leaves spatulate or broadly oblanceolate, thick. 13. D. crassa. Plants decidedly hairy, at least on the stem. Pubescence long-hirsute, with simple or slightly branched hairs. 14. D. streptocarpa. Pubescence dense, mostly of branched or stellate hairs. Styles 1.5-2 mm. long; pods glabrous or slightly puberulent. Pubescence rather sparse and minute ; stem-leaves usually sharply toothed. IS- D. spectabilis. 11 1<)2 BRASSIACEAE. Pubescence dense and grayish ; stem-leaves entire-margined or mi- nutely denticulate. 16. D. llelleriana. Style I mm. long ; pod decidedly iiuhcsccnt. Stem erect or nearly so. Leaves thin ; basal ones usually over 2 cm. long ; cauline ovate to lanceolate. Petals 5 mm. or more long ; stem-leaves often dentate. 17. D. lutcola. Petals 3-4 mm. long ; stem-leaves entire-margined. 18. D. aureformis. Leaves thick; basal ones 1-2 cm. long; cauline lanceolate or oblong. 19. D. aurea. Flowering stem decumbent ; leaves finely stellate ; pods twist^ed. 20. D. decumbens. 1. Draba micrantha Nutt. (£>. carolmiana micratitha A. Gray) In arid soil from 111. to Wash., Tex. and N. M. — Alt. 4000-6000 ft. — Mancos; Denver; foot-hills west of Ft. Collins. 2. Draba coloradensis Rydb. (D. cuncifolia Coult., in part; not Nutt.) On plains and hillsides of Colo. — Alt. 4000-5500 ft. — Hills west of Soldier Caiion ; Ft. Collins ; Mancos ; foot-hills west of Ft. Collins ; plains near Denver ; near Boulder; New Windsor. 3. Draba nemorosa L. In dry places, often among grass, from Mich, to Mont., B. C, Colo, and Ore. — Alt. 4000-10,000 ft. — Georgetown; mountain near Veta Pass; foot-hills west of Ft. Collins; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; Rist Caiion; Horsetooth Gulch; Poudre River; west of Soldier Canon; Howe's Gulch; near Chambers' Lake; Parlin, Gunnison Co.; Middle Park ; Georgetown. 4. Draba montana S. W'ats. In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. up to 2700 ni. — Ironton Park, 9 miles south of Ouray. 5. Draba lutea Gilib. (D. nemorosa leiocarpa. in part) On hillsides from Hudson Bay to Alaska, Mich., Colo, and Ore. — Idaho Springs ; Georgetown ; Rabbit-Ear Range, Routt Co. 6. Draba nitida Greene. {D. stenoloha Wats. & Brew.; not Ledeb.) On hillsides from Wyo. to Ore., Colo, and southern Calif. — Alt. 8000-11,000 ft. — Near Teller, North Park; Tennessee Pass; Cameron Pass; mountains east of Cameron Pass ; Grayback mining camps ; Flat Top Mountains ; Marshall Pass; Sargent's; South Park; near Chambers' Lake. 7. Draba crassifolia Graham. On exposed mountain-tops from Greenl. to B. C, Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 10,000-14,000 ft. — Mountains northeast of Boreas; near Ironton, San Juan Co.; vicinity of Como; Leroux Creek, Delta Co.; Sierra Blanca ; Massif de. 1' Arapahoe; summit of North Park Range, Larimer Co. 8. Draba Parryi Rydb. On alpine peaks of Colo, and Wyo. — Alt. 10,000- 13,000 ft. — Foot of Gray's Peak ; Cameron Pass ; Cumberland Basin, La Plata Mountains ; Red Mountain ; Alpine Tunnel. 9. Draba fladnizensis Wulf. In arctic regions and on alpine peaks, on wet rocks, from Lab. and B. C. to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. about 13,000 ft. — Gray's Peak trail; Gray's Peak; West Spanish Peaks; Parlin. 10. Draba cana Rydb. (D. incana confusa of Coult. Man.; not Poir.) In the mountains, among rocks, from Lab. and Yukon to Colo. — Alt. 11,000-12,000 ft. — Massif de I'Arapahoe ; northeast of Boreas ; Red Mountain ; Pike's Peak. BRASSIACEAE. 163 11. Draba chrysantha S. Wats. On alpine peaks of Colo, and N. M. — Alt. 12,000-13,000 ft. — Gray's Peak. 12. Draba graminea Greene. On alpine peaks of Colo. — Alt. about 12.500 ft. — Telluride; Carson. 13. Draba crassa Rydb. On alpine peaks of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 8000- 12,500 ft.— Cumberland Mine, La Plata Mountains. 14. Draba streptocarpa A. Gray. On alpine peaks and rocky places in the higher mountains of Colo. — Alt. 6000-13,000 ft. — Pike's Peak; headwaters of Clear Creek; South Park; Gray's Peak; West Indian Creek; West Spanish Peak ; near Colorado Springs ; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek ; moun- tains near Veta Pass; North Cheyenne Canon; Robinson; northwest of Como; east of Cameron Pass; Pennock's mountain ranch; Beaver Creek; Chambers' Lake ; Crystal Park ; Gentian Ridge ; headwaters of Clear Creek and alpine ridges east of Middle Park ; Gray's Peak ; South Park ; Empire ; Eldora to Baltimore. Draba streptocarpa Grayana Rydb. Alpine peaks of Colo. — Alt. 12,000- 13.000 ft. — Mountains northwest of Como; Gray's Peak trail. 15. Draba spectabilis Greene. In the mountains of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 9000-12,000 ft. — Near Ironton, San Juan Co.; Cumberland Basin and Bob Creek, La Plata Mountains ; Upper La Plata Canon ; Mt. Hesperus ; moun- tains about Ouray; Red Mountain. 16. Draba Helleriana Greene. {D. oxyloha Greene.) In the mountains of Colo, and N. M. — Alt. 8000-10,000 ft. — Sargent's; Van Boxle's ranch, above Cimarron; Grayback Mining Camps; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; Ojo; Silverton. 17. Draba luteola Greene. In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. 9000-12,000 ft. — Cumberland Basin, La Plata Mountains; Idaho Springs; Upper Canon of the La Plata ; near Pagosa Peak ; Eldora to Baltimore. 18. Draba aureiformis Rydb. (D. Bakeri Greene.) In the mountains of Colo, and the Black Hills of S. D. — Alt. 9000-11,000 ft. — Near Graymont; headwaters of Pass Creek; Carson; Palsgrove Canon. 19. Draba aurea Wahl. Among rocks in the higher mountains and in sub- arctic regions from Greenl. to B. C. to Colo, and Ariz.; also in northern Europe. — Alt. 9000-13,000 ft. — Headwaters of Clear Creek; Massif de I'Arapa- hoe ; Battlement Crag, Pike's Peak ; Como ; West Spanish Peak ; near Iron- ton, San Juan Co.; between Bald Mountain and Seven Lakes; Dark Canon; Cripple Creek road; vicinity of Como; Boreas; Silverton; Leroux Creek; Chambers' Lake ; Graymont ; Alpine Tunnel ; Grand Lake ; Mt. Abram, Ouray; Mt. Baldy; Mt. Garfield; Middle Park; Eldora to Baltimore. 20. Draba decumbens Rydb. Alpine peaks of Colo. — Alt. 12,000-13.000 ft. —Gray's Peak. 22. CARDAMINE L. Bitter-cress. Leaves all entire ; blades more or less cordate, dentate. Plant glabrous or nearly so. i. C. cordi folia. Plant, at least the stem, densely pilose ; leaves also hairy. 2. C. infausta. Leaves, at least some of them, pinnate. Petals about 5 mm. long ; leaflets 1-7 ; the terminal much larger, cordate, ovate or reniform, sinuately toothed. 3- C. vallicola. Petals 2-4 mm. long; leaflets 5-15, from linear to obovate. 104 BRASSIACF.Ai:. # Plant perfectly kI'^I'^ous ; beak of the i>oil less than i inm. lonp. 4. C. pcuHsylvanica. Plant more or less hairy, at least on the lower part of the stem or the base of the petioles ; beak of the pod over i mm. long. 5. C. acuminata. 1. Cardamine cordifolia A. Gray. In brooks and on shady banks from Wyo. to N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 7500-11,000 ft. — Rico; Gore Pass; Graymont; Chambers' Lake ; Villa Grove ; moimtains between Sunshine and Ward ; Marsliall Pass; canons and adjoining meadows west of Ouray; Idaho Springs; Clear Creek; Ironton; Tennessee Pass; near Pagosa Peak; on Bob Creek, West La Plata Mountains; Como ; Silver Plume; Gray's Peak; Ojo; Pass Creek ; Caribou ; Eldora to Baltimore ; summit of North Park Range, Larimer Co. ; Spiccr. 2. Cardamine infausta Greene. (C. cardiophylla Rydb.) In brooks in Colo. — Alt. up to 10,000 ft. — Above Beaver Creek; Tennessee Pass. 3. Cardamine vallicola Greene. In shady wet woods and on river banks in Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. 5000-8000 ft. — Bank of Poudre River, Ft. Collins; Columbine ; Dale Creek. 4. Cardamine pennsylvanica Muhl. On shaded banks from Newf. to Wash., Fla., Kans. and Ore. — Walton Creek ; North Park. 5. Cardamine acuminata Nutt. On shaded banks from Mont, to Alaska, Colo, and Ore.— Alt. about 5000 ft. — Ft. Collins. 23. ARABIS L. Rock-cress. Pods erect or nearly .so. Leaves coarsely hirsute ; the cauline ones cordate or auricled at the base. I. A. ovata. Leaves not coarsely hirsute. Pubescence if any sparse and consisting of 2-forked hairs. Plant perfectly glabrous. 2. A. pluloiiiplia. Lower leaves more or less hairy. Lower leaves narrowly oblanceolate ; cauline narrow and acuminate ; pods about 1.5 mm. wide. 3. A. oxypUylla. I-ower leaves spatulate ; cauline not long-acuminate ; pods about 2 mm. wide. 4. A. commixa. Pubescence of the lower leaves distinctly stellate. Stem over 3 dm. high; basal leaves 3-10 cm. long; petals purple. 5. A. oblaiiceolata. Stem usually less than 3 dm. high; basal leaves 1-2 cm. long; petals white or pinkish. 6. A. Crandalii. Pods spreading or reflexed. Leaves more or less stellate. Leaves finely stellate without coarser simple hairs. Stem 3-5 dm. high, branched; basal leaves oblanceolate, 5-10 cm. long, denticulate. 7. A. Selbyi. Stems 1-4 dm. high, simple ; basal leaves 1-5 cm. long. Plant green, minutely stellate or sometimes glabrate ; basal leaves usu- ally entire. 12. A. lignifera. Plant densely stellate ; basal leaves dentate. Petals about 8 mm. long ; sepals and upper leaves usually glabrous. 13. A. rhodaniha. Petals about 6 mm. long ; sepals stellate ; leaves usually all stellate. 8. A. consangninca. Leaves hispid on the margins as well as stellate. 9. A. Fendleri. Leaves not stellate, perfectly glabrous or with ciliate margins. BRASSIACEAE. 165 Plants not densely cespitose ; stem-leaves lanceolate-sagittate ; basal leaves oblanceolate or spatulate. lo. A. divaricarpa. Plants densely cespitose ; stem-leaves oblong or lance-oblong, indistinctly auricled ; basal leaves narrowly linear-oblanceolate. ii. A. oxylobula. 1. Arabis ovata (Pursh) Poir. {A. hirsuta Hook., in part; not L.) In waste places and sandy or rocky soil from N. B. and Alb. to Ga. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-10,000 ft. — Boulder Cafion; Mancos; Ojo; Cucharas River, below La Veta; Pagosa Springs; West Indian Creek; South Park; Chicken Creek, La Plata Mountains; North Cheyenne Caiion; Williams' Canon; butte, 5 miles southwest of La Veta ; foot-hills, Larimer Co. ; Horsetooth Gulch ; gulch south of Boulder ; Spring Caiion ; Moon's ranch ; Dixon Cafion ; gulch west of Soldier Cafion; Rustic; Cache la Poudre; South Park; Colorado Springs; Castle Canon; Cimarron; Lake City; Eldora to Baltimore. 2. Arabis philonipha A. Nelson. On hillsides from Mont, and Wash, to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. up to 9500 ft. — Breckenridge ; Villa Grove; mountains between Sunshine and Ward. 3. Arabis oxyphylla Greene. On hillsides and in caiions from Wyo. to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 7000-11,500 ft. — Cucharas River, below La Veta; Chicken Creek, West La Plata Mountains; Hounold; Cripple Creek road; near Pagosa Peak; near Chambers' Lake; Carson; Cerro Summit; Van Boxle's ranch, above Cimarron; Dark Caiion; Alpine Tunnel; Empire; Camp Creek, and Beaver Creek, Larimer Co. 4. Arabis connexa Greene. In the mountains from Mont, to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 9000-11,000 ft. — Lake City; near Pagosa Peak; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; Eldora to Baltimore. 5. Arabis oblanceolata Rydb. On mountains in Colo. — Alt. about 10,000 ft.— Valley Spur. 6. Arabis Crandalii Robinson. (A. stenoloba Greene) In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. about 7000 ft. — Cimarron. 7. Arabis Selbyi Rydb. {A. recondita Greene, in part) On mountains of Colo. — Alt. 7000-9500 ft. — West of Ouray; Glenwood Springs (the last speci- men included by Dr. Greene in A. recondita Greene, but does not agree with the description). 8. Arabis consanguinea Greene. In the mountains of Colo. — Alt. 7000-9000 ft. — Los Pinos; headwaters of Pass Creek; Van Boxle's ranch, above Cimarron. 9. Arabis Fendleri (S. Wats.) Greene. (A. Hoelboellii Feudleri S. Wats.) In the mountains of Colo, and N. M.— Alt. 7000-10,000 ft.— Georgetown : Como; butte, 5 miles southwest of La Veta; Wahatoya Caiion; river bluffs north of La Veta; hills southeast of La Veta; Mancos. ID. Arabis divaricarpa A. Nels. On dry hills from Ass. to Colo, and Utah. —Alt. 8000-9500 ft. — Mountains between Sunshine and Ward. 11. Arabis oxylobula Greene. In the mountains of Colo. — Leadville; Trap- per's Lake ; Glenwood Springs. 12. Arabis lignifera A. Nels. In the mountains of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. about 8000 ft. — Columbine. 13. Arabis rhodantha Greene. In the mountains of Colo, and Utah. — Alt. up to 8000 ft. — Mancos; Ojo. K'C) BRASSIACEAE. 24. CONRINGIA Heist. I. Conringia orientalis (L.) Diim. Introduced from Europe; from Me. and Alb. to Del. and Colo. — Minneliaha. 25. STREPTANTHUS Xutt. I. Streptanthus wyomingensis A. Nels. On dry hills of Wyo. and Colo. — Alt. about 7000 ft. — Palisades, Mesa Co.; Cimarron; Glenwood Springs, Gar- field Co. 26. EUKLISIA (Nutt.) Rydb. Stem leaves oblong or ovate, with cordate base. Leaves thick; sepals with bristles near the apex. i. E. crassifolia. Leaves thin ; sepals without bristles. 2. E. cordata. Stem leaves linear. 3. E. longirostris. 1. Euklisia crassifolia (Greene) Rydb. {Streptanthus crassifolius Greene) On dry hills from Colo, to Utah, N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. about 7000 ft. — Grand Junction ; Cimarron. 2. Euklisia cordata (Nutt.) Rydb. {Streptanthus cordatus Nutt.) On dry hills from Wyo. to Colo, and Utah. — McCoy's, Eagle Co. ; Mesa Verde. 3. Euklisia longirostris (S. Wats.) Rydb. {Arabis and Streptanthus longi- rostris S. Wats.) In valleys from Wyo. to Utah, N. M. and Ariz. — Palisades. 27. THELYPODIUM Endl. Plant glabrous or with simple hairs. Upper leaf-blades auricled at the base. Petals rose-color, purplish or white. Pods 7-10 cm. long. i. T. elegans. Pods 3-5 cm. long. Stem-leaves lanceolate-sagittate ; petals rose or purplish. 2. T. paniculatnm. Stem-leaves ovate-sagittate ; petals white or straw color. 3. T. Bakeri. Petals bright yellow. 4. T. anreum. Upper leaf-blades attenuate at the base. Some of the leaves sinuately toothed or laciniate. Pedicels slender, 6-15 mm. long; upper leaves entire or slightly toothed; pods divergent. 5. 7". Wrightii. Pedicels short and stout, 2-5 mm. long ; most of the leaves laciniate ; pods reflexed. 6. T. utahensis. Leaves all entire or the lower sometimes repand. Inflorescence dense ; stigma truncate ; lower leaf-blades obovate or oblanceolate. Inflorescence very short ; stipes i mm. long ; pod rather stout. 7. T. integrifolium. Inflorescence more elongated; stipes 2-;^ mm. long; pod very slender. 8. T. gracilipes. Inflorescence very slender and lax ; stigmas conical ; leaves all linear. 9. T. linearifolium. Plant pubescent with branched hairs. 10. T. micrantlium. I. Thelypodium elegans M. E. Jones. On adobe plains in Utah and Colo. — Southwestern Colorado. BRASSIACEAE. 167 2. Thelypodium paniculatum A. Nels. (7". sagittatum Endl. ; T. torulosum Heller) On dry hills from Mont, to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 7000-9500 ft. — On Grizzly Creek; Pearl North Park; Canadian River. 3. Thelypodium Bakeri Greene. On dry hills in Colo. — Alt. about 7000 ft. — Cimarron. 4. Thelypodium aureum Eastw. On dry hills in Colo.— Alt. about 5000 ft. — Durango. 5. Thelypodium Wrightii A. Gray. In the mountains of Colo., Utah, N. M. and Ariz. — Durango; Glenwood Springs, Garfield Co. 6. Thelypodium utahense Rydb. In river valleys of Colo, and Utah. — Minturn, Eagle Co. 7. Thelypodium integrifolium (Nutt.) Endl. {T. lilacinum Green.) On plains and in river-valleys from Mont, to Wash., Neb. and Calif. — Alt. 4000- 8000 ft. — Miller's ranch ; Ft. Collins ; Poudre Carion ; Villa Grove ; meadows, Lake John, Middle Park; New Windsor, Weld Co.; Doyle's; Hayden, Routt Co. 8. Thelypodium gracilipes (Robinson) Rydb. In valleys of Colo. — Alt. about 7000 ft. — Durango. 9. Thelypodium linearifolium (A. Gray) S. Wats. In river valleys and on hillsides from Colo, to Tex. and Ariz. ; also in Mex. — Alt. 8000-9000 ft. — Sangre de Cristo Creek. 10. Thelypodium micranthum S. Wats. Rocky hills from western Tex. and Colo, to Ariz, and Mex. — Alt. about 7000 ft. — Manitou. 28. STANLEYA Nutt. Blades of the petals linear-oblong to elliptic ; flowers bright yellow. Blades of the petals one-third to one-half as long as the claws. Pod decidedly tortuose. i. S. bipinnata. Pod arcuate, not tortuose. 2. S. glaitca. Blades of the petals about as long as the claws. Leaf-blades broadly lanceolate, the lower with short, broad lobes ; blades of the petals oblong: pod ascending. 3- S. integrifolia. Leaf-blades linear-lanceolate, all often entire ; blades of the petals broadly elliptic ; pod recurved. 4- S- arcuata. Blades of the petals rounded oval ; flowers ochroleucous. 5. 5. albescens. 1. Stanleya bipinnata Greene. In dry places of Wyo. and Colo. — North Fork, Larimer Co. 2. Stanleya glauca Rydb. In dry soil from N. D. to Wyo., Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Entrance of Soldier Canon to Sulphur Springs ; north of Ft. Collins; Arkansas River; Cedar Hills; Ft. Collins; Florence; Dixon Caiion; Spring Canon; near Badito, between La Veta and Gardner; Mancos; McElmo Caiion; Garden of the Gods; Pueblo; Pike's Peak. 3. Stanleya integrifolia James. {S. pinnatiftda integrifolia Robinson) In dry soil from S. D. to Wyo., Kans. and Colo.— Alt. 4000-7000 ft.— Hochkiss, Delta Co. ; Cimarron. 4. Stanleya arcuata Rydb. In dry soil from Wyo. to Nev., Colo, and Calif. — Grand Junction. 5. Stanleya albescens Jones. On river banks in western Colo, and N. M. — Along Gunnison River, above Delta; Grand Junction. I OS CAPPARIDACEAE. Family 60. CAPPARIDACEAE Lindl. Caper Family. Pods elongated : receptacle with an appendage or gland. Appendage tubular; petals cuneate-flabelliform, laciniate, very unequal. I. Cristatella. Appendage solid ; petals entire, emarginate or 3-toothed, but not laciniate. Stamens 12-24; capsule sessile or short stipitate. 2. Polanisia. Stamens 6 ; capsule long-stipitate. 3. Pf.ritoma. Pods short, broader than long, more or less flattened contrary to the partition ; receptacle without appendage. 4. Cleo.mulla. I. CRISTATELLA Nutt. I. Cristatella Jamesii T. & G. In sandy soil from Neb. and Colo, to Tex. — Sterling, Logan Co. 2. POLANISIA Raf. I. Polanisia trachysperma T. &. G. In sandy soil from Ass. to Tex. and Xev. — Alt. 4000-7000 ft. — Canon City; plains and foot-hills near Boulder; New Windsor, Weld Co. ; Ft. Collins ; Salida ; Howe's Gulch ; Mason's river- front farm ; Rocky Ford ; Soldier Cafion ; Poudre Caiion. 3. PERITOMA DC. Petals yellow. i. P. hit cum. Petals purple, pink or white. Petals 8-12 mm. long, usually 3-toothed. Stamens exserted ; petals usually rose color or purplish. 2. P. sen-ulatum. Stamens included ; petals white, 3. P. inornatum. Petals about 4 mm. long, entire. 4. P. Sonorae. 1. Peritoma luteum (Hook.) Greene. (Clcomc lutca Nutt.) In sandy soil from Wyo. and Wash, to Colo., Ariz, and Ore. — Alt. 4000-8000 ft. — Grand Junction; Cimarron and Squaw Hill; Gunnison Valley, above Delta. 2. Peritoma serrulatum (Pursh) DC. (Clcome scrrnlata Pursh.) In val- leys, especially in light or sandy soil, from Sask. and Ida. to Mo. and Ariz. — Alt. 4000-9000 ft. — Boulder; Colorado Springs; Gunnison; Sapinero; Du- rango; Manitou; along Uncompahgre River, near Ouray; Crow Creek; along Platte River, Denver; Ft. Collins; Poudre flats, north of Ft. Collins; Trini- dad; near Badito, between La Veta and Gardner; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Redstone; Pueblo; Dixon Cafion; Ft. Collins; Cache la Poudre; Walsen- burg; Manitou. 3. Peritoma inornatum Greene. In dry soil in western Colo. — Grand Junction. 4. Peritoma Sonorae (A. Gray) Rydb. {Clcomc Sonorae A. Gray.) In saline soil from Colo, to N. M. and Sonora. — Alt. 4000-5000 ft. — Saguache; San Luis; Alamosa. 4. CLEOMELLA DC. Capsule rhomboidal with more or less distinct conical or horn-like projections; stipe shorter than the pedicels ; style obsolete ; seeds rugulose. I. C. angustifolia. Capsule obscurely rhomboidal, merely gibbous on the back ; stipe equalling the pedicels ; style conspicuous ; seeds smooth and shining. 2. C. oocarpa. CAPPARIDACEAE. 169 1. Cleomella angustifolia Torr. In valley, especially in sandy or alkaline soil, from Neb. and Utah to Tex. — Headwaters of Clear Creek ; Julesburg. 2. Cleomella oocarpa A. Gray. In alkaline plains and desert regions from Colo, to Calif. — Mesa Verde, about Rio Mancos (Brandcgee) . Order 27. ROSALES. Flowers regular or nearly so (actinomorphic). Endosperm present usually copious and fleshy ; stipules mostly wanting. Herbs. Carpels as many as the sepals ; succulent plants. Fam. 61. Crassulaceae. Carpels fewer than the sepals ; plant scarcely succulent. Staminodia wanting; carpels 2 or rarely 3, distinct or only partly united. Fam. 62. Saxifragaceae. Staminodia present ; carpels 3 or 4, wholly united into a i -celled gynoecium. Fam. 63. Parnassiaceae. Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite ; fruit a leathery capsule, more or less adnate to the hypan- thium ; stipules wanting. Fam. 64. Hydrangiaceae. Leaves alternate. Fruit thin-walled follicles, free from the hypanthium ; stipules present (Opulaster in) Fam. 66. Rosaceae. Fruit a berry ; hypanthium adnate to and prolonged beyond the ovary. Fam. 65. Grossulariaceae. Endosperm wanting or scant ; stipules mostly present. Carpels several or numerous, or, if solitary, becoming an achene. Carpels distinct, free from the hypanthium ; fruit achenes, follicles or drupelets. Fam. 66. Rosaceae. Carpels united, enclosed by and adnate to the hypanthium ; fruit a pome. Fam. 67. Malaceae. Carpel solitary, not becoming an achene. Ovary 2-ovuled ; fruit a drupe ; leaves simple. Fam. 68. Amygdalaceae. Ovary several-ovuled ; fruit a legume ; leaves pinnately compound. Fam. 69. Mimosaceae. Flowers irregular (mostly zygomorphic). Upper petal enclosed by the lateral ones in the bud ; corolla not papilionaceous. Fam. 70. Cassiaceae. Upper petal enclosing the lateral ones in bud ; corolla papilionaceous. Fam. 71. Fabaceae. Family 61. CRASSULACEAE DC. Orpine Family. Stamens as many as the sepals; minute herbs. i. Tillaeastrum. Stamens twice as manj^ as the sepals ; succulent herbs. Flowers axillary in dense congested racemes ; petals rose-colored. 2. Clementsi.\. Flowers terminal, arranged in one-sided raceme-like branches. Carpels erect ; flowers polygamous or dioecious ; petals in ours purplish. 3. Rhodiola. Carpels spreading ; flowers perfect ; petals in ours yellow. 4. Sedum. I. TILLAEASTRUM Britton. Pigmy-weed. I. Tillaeastrum aquaticum (L.) Britt. {Tillaea aquatica L. ; T. angusti- folia Nutt.) On muddy shores from N. S. and Wash, to Md., La. and Lower Calif. — Alt. up to 10,000 ft.- — Twin Lakes. 17(» CRASSULACEAE. 2. CLEMENTSIA Rose. Red Orpine. I. Clementsia rhodantha (A. Gray) Rose. (Scdum rhodaiiUium A. Gray) In meadows and along streams from Mont, to Colo, and Ariz. — Alt. 10,000- 13,000 ft. — Gray's Peak; headwaters of Clear Creek; Caribou; Pike's Peak; Gore Pass; Cameron Pass; Pagosa Peak; Villa Grove; Dark Canon; Mar- shall Pass ; near Georgetown ; Twin Lakes ; Chambers' Lake ; Berthoud Pass. 3, RHODIOLA L. Rose-root, Rose-wort. Flowers dioecious ; carpels 3-5 mm. long, abruptly contracted into a short di- vergent or rcflexed beak. i. R. integrifolia. Flowers polygamous ; carpels 6-8 mm. long, gradually tapering into a long ascending beak. 2. R. polygama. 1. Rhodiola integrifolia Raf. (Scdum rhodiola Coult., in part; not DC; Scdiim frigid urn Rydb.) On high alpine peaks from Alb. and Alaska to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 9000-14,000 ft. — Pike's Peak; Mount Garfield; Gray- back mining camps ; West Spanish Peak. 2. Rhodiola polygama (Rydb.) Britt. & Rose. (Scdum polygamuni Rydb.) On alpine peaks of Colo, and N. M. — Alt. 9000-13,000 ft. — Engineer Moun- tain ; headwaters of Clear Creek ; Carson ; Basin Creek, La Plata Mountains ; Mount Hesperus ; near Ironton ; Pike's Peak ; Chambers' Lake ; Mt. Lincoln ; West Spanish Peak; South Park; Leroux Park; Estes Park; Bethoud Pass. 4. SEDUM L. Stone-crop, Orpine. I. Sedum stenopetalum Pursh. On dry rocky or gravelly hills from Alb. and B. C. to N. M. and Calif.— Alt. 4000-12,000 ft.— Gray's Peak; Pike's Peak; Clear Creek Canon; Colorado Springs; headwaters of Clear Creek; Cameron Pass ; Larimer Co. ; Hamor's Lake ; Bald Mountain ; Mt. Garfield ; Grayback mining camp; Silver Plume; Morrison; Telluride; Minnehaha; Cimarron; Denver; West Spanish Peak; Ft. Collins; Ironton; Green Moun- tain Falls ; Howe's Gulch ; mountains southeast of Cameron Pass ; forks of Poudre and Big South; gulch west of Pennock's; Horsetooth Gulch; near Narrows; Dixon Caiion; Table Rock; mountains between Sunshine and Ward. Family 62. SAXIFRAGACEAE Dumort. Saxifrage Family. Placentae parietal, sometimes nearly basal. Flowers solitary and axillary to leaf-like bracts, or 2-4 in small corymbs, each subtended by a leaf-like bract. i- Chrysosplenium. Flowers in more or less elongated racemes or panicles. Flower-stalk axial from a slender bulbiferous rootstock ; gynoecium 3-car- pellary. 2. Lithophr.\gma. Flower stalks a lateral shoot from a stout scaly rootstock ; gynoecium 2-car- pellary. Inflorescence racemose. Petals pinnately cleft or pinnatifid. 3- Pectiantia. Petals entire, toothed or 3-cleft above. 4- Ozomelis. Inflorescence paniculate; petals broadened upward. 5. Heuchera. Placentae axial. SAXIFRAGACEAE. 171 Hypanthium well developed and accrescent, at maturity longer than the sepals. Stamens 5 ; sepals imbricated ; petals marcescent. 6. Sullivantia. Stamens 10; petals not marcescent. Petals clawed ; styles partially united ; plants with thick rootstocks. 7. Telesonix. Petals clawless ; styles distinct ; plants with slender rootstocks or with offsets. Plants without caudices, only producing annual flowering stems. ^ 8. Saxifraga. Plants with perennial, very leafy caudices, often with offsets ; the flow- ering stems very different. 9. Muscaria. Hypanthium only slightly developed, unchanged at maturity, or if slightly accrescent flat and plants acaulescent. Plants acaulescent. Corolla essentially regular, the petals about equal in shape and length. 10. Micranthes. Corolla irregular, 3 petals with blades of an ovate or lanceolate type and 2 narrower and longer. 11. Spatularia. Plants caulescent. 12. Leptasea. I. CHRYSOSPLENIUM L. Golden Saxifrage. I. Chrysosplenium tetrandrum Fries. In wet places from Greenl. and Alaska to Alb. and B. C. ; also in Colo, and northern Europe. — Upper Platte (Hall & Harbour). 2. LITHOPHRAGMA Nutt. Hypanthium campanulate, with a rounded base, adnate only to the base of the ovary. Stem-leaves rarely bulbiferous in the axils ; stipules long and narrow ; free por- tion triangular or lanceolate, not fimbriate. i. L. australis. Stem-leaves usually bulbiferous in the axils ; stipules short and broad ; free por- tion round and fimbriate. 2. L. bulbifera. Hypanthium turbinate or obconic, adnate to the lower half of the ovary. 3. L. parviiiora. 1. Lithophragma australis Rydb. In sandy mountain valleys and hillsides from Wyo. and Utah to N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 7000-9000 ft. — Platte Caiion ; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; Van Boxle's ranch, above Cimarron. 2. Lithophragma bulbifera Rydb. (Tellima tenella S. Wats.) On hillsides from the Black Hills of S. D., Mont, and B. C. to Colo, and Calif.— Alt. up to 11,000 ft. — Tennessee Pass. 3. Lithophragma parviflora (Hook.) Nutt. (Tellima parvMora Hook.) In rocky and gravelly places from Alb. to B. C, Colo, and Calif. — Locality not given. 3. PECTIANTHIA Raf. Mitre-wort. I. Pectianthia pentandra (Hook) Rydb. {Mitella pentandra Hook.) In springy places in the woods and along streams, from Alb. and Alaska to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 8000-12,000 ft. — Beaver Creek; Marshall Pass; Red Mountain; Slide Rock Cafion; Empire; Estes Park; Berthoud Pass; Cam- eron Pass; Ruby; Damfino Creek; headwaters of Clear Creek and alpine ridges east of Middle Park ; Empire ; Caribou ; Golden. 172 SAXIFRAGACEAE. 4. OZOMELIS Raf. Mitke-wort. Petals 3-fid to the miiidle : hypanthiuin with the sepals 3-5 mm. long. I. O. staitropetala. Petals entire or 3-fid only at the apex : hypanthium with the sepals 1.5-3 mm. long. Hypanthium with the sepals 2-3 mm. long ; leaf-blades indistinctly lobed and with shallow crenulations ; petals often entire. 2. O. slciwpctala. Hypanthium with the sepals 1.5-2 mm. long; leaf-blades distinctly lobed and deeply crenate ; petals 3-cleft. 3- O. Parryi. 1. Ozomelis stauropetala (Piper) Rydb. {Mitclla stauropctala Piper; M. triHda Coulter, in part.) In .springy places in the woods from Mont, and Wash, to Colo, and Ore. — Alt. about 10,000 ft. — Mt. Hesperus. 2. Ozomelis stenopetala (Piper) Rydb. (Mitella stenopetala Piper) In springy places in Utah and Colo. — Alt. 8000-10,000 ft. — Mt. Hesperus; Eldora to Baltimore. 3. Ozomelis Parryi (Piper) Rydl). {Mitclla stenopetala Parryi Piper) Mountains of Wyo. and Colo.— Alt. about 9500 ft.— Trapper's Lake. 5. HEUCHERA L. Alum-root. Stamens equalling or exceeding the sepals. Panicle open, not spike-like ; plant tall ; hypanthium very oblique. 1. H. hispida. Panicle contracted, dense, spike-like ; plant low ; hypanthium not very oblique. 2. H. bracteata. Stamens much shorter than the sepals. Hypanthium campanulate, yellowish or pinkish ; sepals almost erect. 3. H. Hallii. Hypanthium saucer-shaped, greenish ; sepals spreading. 4. H. parvifolia. 1. Heuchera hispida Pursh. In woods and on hillsides, Ont. to Ass.. Va. and Colo. — Edgerton. 2. Heuchera bracteata (Torr.) Ser. On rocky ridges in Colo, and northern Wyo. — Alt. 6000-10.000 ft. — Rist Canon; Grand Lake; Georgetown; Andrew's Shetland ranch; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Gray's Peak; North Cheyenne Caiion; Boulder Canon; road between Denver and Idaho City; Horsetooth Mountain; mountains between Sunshine and Ward; Eldora to Baltimore; Berthoud Pass; between Denver and Idaho City; Golden; Empire. 3. Heuchera Hallii A. Gray. On rocky ridges in Colo.— Alt. 7000-12,000 ft. — Mt. Garfield ; Cameron's Cone ; Pike's Peak ; Rock Mountain Pass ; George- town; Ruxton; Pike's Peak; Cheyenne Mountain; Bald Mountain; Grand Cafion of the Arkansas; Graymont. 4. Heuchera parvifolia Nutt. On hills from Alb. and Ore. to N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 6000-13.000 ft. — Mt. Abram, Ouray; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Cameron Pass; Howe's Gulch; Minnehaha; Marshall Pass; Colorado Springs; Douglass Mountain, Georgetown; Van Boxle's ranch, above Cimar- ron: Halfway House; Chicken Creek, West La Plata Mountains; Grizzly Creek; near La Veta; Ojo; Cumberland Basin; Upper La Plata Cafion; North Cheyenne Caiion; near Pagosa Peak; Ironton; Wahatoya Caiion ; Veta Pass ; Mt. Princeton ; West Spanish Peak ; Ward, Boulder Co. ; Red Mountain ; Manitou ; Lake City ; Caribou ; Dillon Cafion, Trinidad ; Estes Park; Empire; northeast of Boreas; Spring Canon; Dixon Caiion; Horse- SAXIFRAGACEAE. 173 • tooth Gulch ; Mancos ; Ute Pass ; Golden ; Sangre de Cristo ; Hahn's Peak ; Fish Creek Falls, Routt Co. 6. SULLIVANTIA T. & G. I. SuUivantia Hapemanii (Coult. & Fish.) Coulter. (Boykinia Piirpusi Brandegee.) In rocky places from Wis. and Wyo. to Colo. — Black Canon of the Gunnison. 7. TELESONIX Raf. I. Telesonix Jamesii (T(5rr.) Raf. (Saxifraga Jamesii Torr.) On exposed mountain-tops in Colo.— Alt. 8000-13,000 ft.^Mt. Garfield; Pike's Peak; Min- nehaha. 8. SAXIFRAGA L. S.xxifrage. Flowers normal, none of them represented by clusters of bulblets. i. S. debilis. Flowers below the terminal one replaced by clusters of bulblets. Lobes of the stem-leaves linear to triangular lanceolate ; petals cuneate. 2. S. ceniua. Lobes of the stem-leaves broad and rounded, as broad as long or broader ; petals fiddle-shaped. 3- S. simulata. 1. Saxifraga debilis Engelm. Among wet rocks, on alpine peaks, from Mont, to Colo, and Utah.— Alt. 9000-13,000 ft. — Mt. Hesperus; Sierra Blanca; Mt. Abram, Ouray; Front Range, Larimer Co.; Redcliflfe, Eagle Co.; West Spanish Peak; Gray's Peak; Cameron Pass; Bottomless Pit. near Pike's Peak; Ruby; [Massif de I'Arapahoe; mountains above Beaver Creek. 2. Saxifraga cernua L. Among wet rocks, on alpine peaks, from Greenl. and Alaska to Lab. and Colo; also in Europe. — Alt. about 13,000 ft. — Mt. Abram, Ouray. 3. Saxifraga simulata Small. Among rocks, on the higher peaks, in the Black Hills of S. D. and Colo.— Alt. 10,000-13,000 ft.— West Spanish Peak. 9. MUSCARIA Haw. Leaves of the caudex with entire or slightly 3-toothed blades. i. M. adscendens. Leaves of the caudex with 3-cleft or prominently 3-lobed blades. 2. M. delicatula. 1. Muscaria adscendens (L.) Small. (Saxifraga adscendens L.) Among rocks, on alpine peaks, from Alb. and B. C. to Colo, and Utah. — Alt. 10.000- 13,000 ft.— Gray's Peak; Deep Creek Lake; West Spanish Peak; Pike's Peak. 2. Muscaria delicatula Small. On alpine peaks from Alb. to Colo, and Utah. — Gray's Peak. 10. MICRANTHES Haw. Filaments subulate or filiform-subulate, or rarely narrowly linear. Cymules wholly or mainly aggregated into a head, or one or two lower ones remote or peduncled ; leaves petioled ; blades rhombic ovate. I. M. rhomboidea. Cymules in narrow pyramidal or corymb-like panicles ; leaves subsessile, oblan- ceolate-oblong. Panicle wide, peduncles of the lower cymules elongated. 2. M. arnoglossa. Panicle narrow ; peduncles permanently very short. 3. M. hrachypus. Filaments clavate or spatulate ; petals spotted. 4- M. arguta. 174 SAXIFRAGACEAE. 1. Micranthes rhomboidea (Greene) Small. (Saxifraga rliomboidea Greene.) Among rocks in the mountains from Mont, and Ida. to Colo. — Alt. 5000-1 J.ooo ft. — Gray's Peak; West Spanish Peak; near Ironton; Grand Mesa; Marshall Pass; Seven Lakes; Black Rock Creek; Pike's Peak; Ft. Collins; Georgetown; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Tennessee Pass; Bear Creek Divide, West La Plata Mountains ; Iron Mountain ; headwaters of Beaver Creek ; gulch west of Dixon Caiion ; Massif de I'Arapahoe ; near Pagosa Peak; Rist Caiion; mountains west of Cameron Pass; Soldier Canon; Boreas; Beaver Creek ; Eldora to Baltimore ; Berthoud Pass ; Rabbit-Ear Range, Routt Co. 2. Micranthes arnoglossa (Greene) Small. (Saxifraga anioglossa Greene.) On hills and mountains from Mont, and Wash, to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 9000- 12,000 ft. — Mountains of Delta Co.; Marshall Pass; Silver Plume. 3. Micranthes brachypus Small. In the mountains from Colo, to Nev. — Alt. 11.000-12,000 ft. — Half-Moon Creek; Berthoud Pass. 4. Micranthes arguta (D. Don.) Small. (Saxifraga arguta D. Don.; i". dcnudata Nutt. ; i". punctata Hook., in part; not L.) In springy places and along streams from j\Iont. and B. C. to N. M. and Calif. — Alt. 8000-12,000 ft. — Mountains between Sunshine and Ward ; Villa Grove ; Mt. Abram, Ouray ; Dark Caiion ; Wyoming line in North Park ; Georgetown ; Middle Park ; Grayback mining camps ; near Pagosa Peak ; Pike's Peak ; Rabbit- Ear Range; headwaters of Clear Creek; Silver Plume; Clear Lake; Berthoud Pass; Upper La Plata Caiion; Cameron Pass; Ruby; headwaters of Pass Creek; Massif de I'Arapahoe; Beaver Creek; Leroux Park, Graymont; Gore Pass ; Anita Peak. II. SPATULARIA Haw. I. Spatularia Vreelandii Small. On the higher peaks of Mont, and Colo. — Mt. Evans. 12. LEPTASEA Haw. Leaf-blades not spine-tipped at the apex, more or less ciliate. Petals suborbicular or oval, 5.5-6.5 mm. long, abruptly narrowed into short claws. I. L. chrysantha. Petals elliptic to oblong, 9-13 mm. long, clawless. 2. L. Hircnhis. Leaf-blades spine-tipped at the apex. Petals white, usually spotted, oblong or oblong-lanceolate or elliptic ; plant ces- pitose, not stoloniferous. 3. L. austromontana. Petals yellow, broadly obovate ; plant with flagelliform stolons. 4. L. iJagellaris. 1. Leptasea chrysantha (A. Gray) Small. (Saxifraga chrysantha A. Gray) On alpine peaks, among rocks, of Colo. — Alt. 11,000-14,000 ft. — Pike's Peak; Mt. Bartlett; Central City; Gray's Peak; mountains of Estes Park; Massif de I'Arapahoe ; Berthoud Pass. 2. Leptasea Hirculus (L.) Small. (Saxifraga Hirculus L.) On the higher mountains, in wet places, from Greenl. and Alaska to Colo, and B. C. ; also in Europe and Asia. — Alt. 9000-11.000 ft.— Beaver Park; Twin Lakes; Caribou. SAXIFRAGACEAE. 175 3. Leptasea austromontana (Wieg.) Small. (Saxifrage bronchiales Torr. ; not L. : 5". austromontana Wieg.) On rocks and stony hills from Alb. and B. C to N. M. and Wash. — Alt. 6000-13,000 ft. — Red Mountain; Ouray; Minnehaha ; Mt. Garfield ; Halfway House, Pike's Peak ; Central City ; West Spanish Peak; Little Veta Mountain; Black Caiion; Upper La Plata Canon; Como ; Silver Plume; near Colorado Springs; Pagosa Peak; El Paso Co.; Georgetown ; near Denver ; Andrew's Shetland ranch ; Caribou ; South Boulder Peak ; Massif de 1' Arapahoe ; Palmer Lake ; headwaters of Clear Creek ; Lake City ; near Empire ; west of Cameron Pass ; Graymont ; Ragged Mountain, Gunnison Co. ; Estes Park ; Cameron Pass ; mountains above Ouray ; Buffalo Pass ; Pennock's mountain ranch ; Devil's Causeway ; Twin Lakes ; mountains between Sunshine and Ward ; Anita Peak. 4. Leptasea flagellaris (Willd.) Small. (Saxifraga flagellaris Willd.) On alpine peaks, among rocks, from Greenl. and Alaska to Colo, and Ariz. — Alt. 10,000-14,000 ft. — Red Mountain; summit of Pike's Peak; Mt. Abram, Ouray; Cumberland Basin, La Plata Mountains; Mt. Harvard; Pike's Peak; West Spanish Peak; Gray's Peak; headwaters of Clear Creek; Massif de I'Arapahoe. Family 63. PARNASSIACEAE Dumort. Grass-of-Parnassus Family. I. PARNASSIA L. Grass of Parnassus. Petals fimbriate on the sides ; basal leaf-blades reniform. Petals obovate, s-nerved ; staminodial scales with 5-9 lobes ; sepals elliptic. 1. P. iimbriata. Petals oblong, 3-nerved ; staminodial scales 3-s-lobed ; sepals narrowly lanceolate. 2. P. riviilaris. Petals not fimbricate ; basal leaf-blades tapering at the base. 3. P. parviftora. 1. Parnassia fimbriata Banks. On banks of streams and in springy places from Alb. and Alaska to Colo, and Calif. — Alt. 9000-11,000 ft.— Twin Lakes; North Park ; Ruby ; Ragged Mountain, Gunnison Co. ; near Pagosa Peak ; Cameron Pass ; Marshall Pass ; Caribou. 2. Parnassi